Josiah - The Frustrated Reformer

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Insight

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Depressing as this message was, there remained hope. In that God had threatened to punish the nation, we have seen how the Kings Reformation work came out of humility and zeal. I believe this had delayed the pouring out of Yahweh’s judgment, showing the few individuals the need to seek Yahweh in truth, while He may be found. Could the nation be saved if these believers were multiplied across the nation?

We find that the king carefully listened to the message brought to him by the deputation from Huldah the prophetess of Jerusalem. As he thought upon the solemn words, his enthusiasm for reform became even greater.

He carefully examined the newly discovered Book, and determined he would fully carry out the instructions it contained.

What had been the cause of failure?

The Book declared: "Because they have forsaken the covenant of Yahweh" (Deut 29:25). Therefore the king decided the first thing to be done must be to bring the people back to a consciousness of the covenant. He called for a general gathering of the representatives of the nation: princes, priests, Levites, commoners were assembled together in the court of the temple.

The king stood upon the great brazen platform that had been erected by Solomon (*2 Kings 23:3) so that all could see him. When all was ready, the great scroll was unfolded and, with all eyes centred upon him, the king solemnly read the words of the covenant. Now the people heard for the first time the blessings and cursings that Moses had pronounced: blessings for obedience; cursings for disobedience (Deut 27:1-28). They heard how they would be involved in a growing crescendo of trouble if they turned from the covenant.

But in what form would trouble come?

* See 2 Kings 23:3. The Hebrew al haammud can be rendered "upon the stairs," upon the brazen platform of Solomon (2 Chron 6:13). The R.V. renders: "upon the platform." We note a similar arrangement will be made for the King of the future Age in the temple then to be built (see Ezek 46:2).
 

THE Gypsy

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The kingdom of Israel divided into two parts, the northern kingdom (Israel/Ephraim) represented in red, and the southern kingdom (Judah/Jews), represented in blueThe kingdom of Israel divided into two parts, the northern kingdom (Israel/Ephraim) represented in red, and the southern kingdom (Judah/Jews), represented in blue

695px-Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.png


Just a note: You might want to be careful when posting the works of others and not including a link to the information.

It is against the law (Fair Use) and there are a lot of law suits being filed against forums that allow this. Ultimately the Forum Administrator is responsible, so in the best interest of the forum, you might want to consider adding the link.
 

Insight

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The judgments found in the Book revealed their actions would result in great trouble; in cities, then the country, and then by drought and famine, plague and pestilence, wars and an invasion they would be defeated with great violence, followed by captivity and scattering.

They heard how the nation had entered into covenant with Yahweh, and had proclaimed "Amen" or "So be it" to the blessings and cursings listed in the Book (Deut 27). They all knew that they were guilty of the things condemned.

So the king called upon all to re-affirm the Covenant and to keep the Law. He warned them of the outcome should they not do so. With reverence the people agreed to do so (2 Kings 23:1-3).

They realised that if they did not, they would not only have God to deal with, but the king also. And, unfortunately the people feared the king more than they did God.

That is where the reform of Josiah failed.

There fear came as a result of enormous spiritual and political pressures, he tried to force the people to love God by law; but love cannot be created by law though it may begin so. Love of God “develops” as we count our blessings, as we appreciate what God has done for us, and when we learn of His love towards man in providing a way of escape from the very evils that man himself has brought about. Unlike the king, the people did not humble themselves to appreciate the love and goodness of God and therefore never developed a true and lasting love for Him. (1 Cor 5:8)

The Law was not an active part of their everyday lives and its finding was too late for many. However there was one man, at least, who recognised this. Jeremiah made reference to this newly discovered law: "Why do you say, We are
wise, and the law of Yahweh is with us? Lo, certainly in vain made He it" (Jer 8:8).

What the prophet meant is that the Law was made in vain for all the real use that Judah made of it. As for himself, he declared: "Thy words were found, and I did eat them; and Thy word was unto me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart; for I am called by thy name, Ο Yahweh God of hosts" (Jer 15:16).

Jeremiah stood for a class of believers who were unfortunately in the minority.
 

Insight

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The king now looked upon himself as the (See 2 Kings 23 i.e Jesus Christ) saviour of the nation. He was determined to cleanse the land of idolatry.

This second purge of Israel saw the King sweep through the land with tremendous energy and zeal, determined to ruthlessly destroy every appearance of opposition to the Law which he had just read. He did to the nation what every Jew does to his home just before the celebration of the Passover. Before this feast, Jews diligently search their houses to make certain that there is no leaven in the home. During the Feast itself they eat only unleavened bread.

Leaven:

Leaven (a form of yeast) was forbidden during the Passover, because it is used in the Bible as a symbol for corrupt doctrine (Mat 16:11; Mark 8:15) and wickedness in the heart (1 Cor 5:6-8). It also reminded Jews of the haste with which their forefathers left Egypt with the dough in their troughs (Exod 12:39), and taught the lesson that the wickedness of Egypt should likewise be left behind in service to God. Only a little leaven is necessary to leaven a lot of dough, for it continues to grow and spread — similarly, where small sins are permitted to remain unchecked their influence will grow and corrupt, until an entire body or nation becomes affected. So unleavened bread was eaten during the Passover to press home this vital lesson.
 

Insight

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Josiah was determined that the nation would once again keep the Passover as commanded, and such a Passover as had never before been celebrated. He would make sure that no leaven of wickedness would remain by himself going throughout the land to completely crush it.

In this way he acted as a faithful Israelite, whose duty it was to ensure that all leaven was excluded (Exod 12:15). He started in Jerusalem. At the entrance to the temple there had been placed horses and chariots dedicated to the sun: these were now destroyed by command of the king (2 Kings 23:11). In the temple there were vessels that had been used in worship to Baal.

They were publicly taken out and burnt as the law required 2 Kings 23: 4.

It is worthwhile for the keen student to consider how completely Josiah followed this newly discovered law.

The reform of 2 Kings 23 was a direct result of following the commands out of the Law. Compare verse 2 Kings 23:4 with Deut 7:25; 2 Kings 23: 5 with Deut 12:2. 2 Kings 23: 7 with Deut. 23:11-18. 2 Kings 23:8 with Deut 12:5. 2 Kings 23:9 with Deut 18:8. 2 Kings 23:10 with Deut18:10. 2 Kings 23:11 with Deut. 17:3 and so on...

In this manner the true children of God live.
 

Insight

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In the deep valley of Topheth still stood the great metal image of Molech with outstretched arms.

topheth.jpg


Before the reign of Josiah this image used to glow red with the fires inside it, and the beat of the drums filled the valley to drown the screams of children offered in sacrifice in this horrible worship. Every remnant of the idol was now smashed up, and the place of worship defiled by order of Josiah (2 Kings 23:10).

In parts of Judah high places had been dedicated to an irregular form of the true worship, which should have been conducted at Jerusalem. These were now defiled, and the priests who had served in such worship were not permitted to attend at the altar in Jerusalem, though they partook of the benefit of the tithes (2 Kings 23:8-9).

On the Mount of Olives there still remained the places of worship that Solomon, over 400 years before, had permitted to be built for the pagan worship of his foreign wives, turning the Mount of Olives into the Mount of Corruption.

These were now removed forever (2 Kings 23:13).

Throughout Judea, from Geba in the north to Beersheba in the deep south, the king sent his men to search out and destroy all forms of idolatry (2 Kings 23:8).

Having cleansed Judah, he turned his attention to Samaria in the north. Pagan priests trembled as they heard of the intentions of the king. They might well do so! With determined ruthlessness, Josiah systematically stamped out their worship without mercy, for they were beyond it (2 Kings 23:20). He slaughtered the idolatrous priests,* burnt their bones upon their own altars, defiled their places of worship, smashed down their altars, idols, pillars, and statues, ground to powder the images that had been worshipped, and cast the dust on the graves of the people to show his contempt for these things.
  • Notice the margin in the AV? The word "chemarim" is from camar, "to be black," thus "black-frocked priests" in contrast to the white-gowned Levites.
Adam Clarke comments: http://en.wikipedia....iki/Adam_Clarke

"Why we should imitate in our sacerdotal dress those priests of Baal is strange to think and hard to tell."
The answer is that the priests of the Apostasy today are the antitype of those priests of Baal whom Josiah destroyed.
 

Insight

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Josiah avenged the reign of terror that Manasseh had instigated against the true prophets of God when he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, a persecution which these very priests had assisted (2Kings 21:16).

The king fulfilled the prophecy that had been proclaimed over 340 years before, when Jeroboam established the false altar in Bethel. A prophet had been sent with the message that Yahweh would raise up a king, Josiah by name, who would burn the bones of idolatrous priests upon the very altar then set up (1 Kings 13:1-3). Josiah now fulfilled it to the letter! As he did so, he saw a lonely sepulchre by which was a monument. Full of curiosity, he enquired as to its purpose. He was told that it was the last resting place of the prophet of Judah who had predicted his advent by name, and said that he would perform the very things that Josiah had done at this time. How impressive it must have been for the king to be told that he had been named by Yahweh over 360 years before, to do the very work he was so thoroughly performing. It must have shown the king the importance of his labours. He commanded that this sepulchre should not be touched, though all others belonging to the false prophets were desecrated. At last the crusade of the king was over. A clean sweep had been made of all idolatry.

Not even smoking ruins remained, for all had been completely obliterated. And so Josiah avenged the reign of terror that Manasseh had unleashed against the true prophets of Yahweh (2Kings 21:16).

The people saw in the king and his followers, a party equally fierce and ruthless in its determination to restore the worship of Yahweh. Whereas the idolatrous princes of the realm had probably favoured Manasseh and supported his policy of paganism, the priestly class had aided Josiah and assisted him in his reform.

But, unfortunately, they were more interested in the formalism of the temple worship than in the Truth itself, as Jeremiah later told them.
 

Insight

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It was now close to the beginning of the Jewish religious year. On the 14th day of the first month, the Passover was appointed to be held. For many years, this importance serivce had been neglected. With the Book of the Law in his hands,
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Josiah determined to restore its rememberance (2 Chron 35). He decided it must be kept according to the strict requirements of the law (See 2 Cor 3:6). Carefully he studied the instructions in Exodus and Deuteronomy. He then turned to the writings of David and Solomon (2 Cor 3:4,5,6), where are set down the arrangements for the work of the priests and Levites at such a time, and he instructed them what they must do.
 

Insight

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A public announcement was made that the Passover was to be reinstituted, and the people invited to attend. With the evidences of Josiah's fiery zeal still fresh in thier memory, the people dared not refuse. In due time a great number, representing at least 30,000 family groups, assembled in Jerusalem. The king had provided the animal’s necessary, and his generosity was imitated by the priests and princes of the realm. The animals were herded together on the 10th day of Abib, as required by the Law and carefully inspected by the priests to ensure that they were without blemish. This was commanded by Law to teach a very important lesson.

The Passover Lamb pointed forward to Jesus Christ, the "Lamb of God offered for the sin of the world" who was himself without blemish of character. All was done according to the Law. On the 14th day of the month, on the very day of the year on which Jesus was to die, thus fulfilling the type, the lambs were slain. The priests and Levites took their places in the court of the temple. The normal daily sacrifices were offered. The heads of family groups, on this occasion 30,000 in number, assembled at the temple in relays. As each group was ushered into the temple court, they saw a sight that had not been seen for over fifty years. The priests and Levites were assembled in their appropriate places; the former ready to preside over the slaying of the lamb (which each head of family in Israel did on his own account) and to receive the blood to dash it on the altar; the latter receiving back the sacrificed animal for the Passover services to be undertaken in each home. Others of the Levites played instruments of music, or chanted the Passover psalms. After each service, the heads of the family groups returned home each with his animal, where it would be roasted and eaten that evening as commanded. Relay after relay of men presented themselves at the temple to slay the Passover Lamb on behalf of the family group over which they presided.

But, finally, the long procession came to an end, the last animal had been slain, the concluding Psalm had been sung, the first part of the great service was over. In thousands of homes the lambs were roasted, the family groups assembled around the table, and the story of divine mercy and deliverance was told. Children heard for the first time the story of the Exodus, of the great deliverance that had been effected through Moses.

The lamb was eaten with bitter herbs, with unleavened bread and the youngest son "of the commandment" present asked the question traditionally posed at such a time: "Wherein is this night different from all other nights?" The head of the group commenced the instruction: "On all other nights, we may eat either leavened bread or unleavened, but on this night only unleavened; on all other nights we may eat other kind of herb, but on this night only bitter herbs..." "What mean the testimonies, and statutes, and the judgments which Yahweh our God hath commanded you?" "We were Pharaoh's bondmen in Egypt, and Yahweh brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand; He shewed signs and wonders, great and sore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh.

So the explanation went on, in 30,000 homes that night. The Passover was being celebrated strictly according to the Law. It was the culminating point of Josiah's reform; the king could look back satisfied at that which he had attempted. He had done what he could for the nation. He had destroyed the external evidences of idolatry; had brought the people back to the Law; had laid the foundation of righteousness for the nation. It was not his fault that they did not fully respond to his lead.
 

Insight

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Wars 6:9,3
Josephus states the Passover was kept in companies of no less than ten and that it was not lawful to eat it singly. At the time appointed (from approximately 3 to 6 pm) representatives of each group brought their animal to the temple, the gates of which were closed when the allowed number were inside, and were not opened again until the next relay. The priests stood between the slaughter place and the altar to officiate over the slaying, and to assist one another. The people acted as priests and slew their own offering. The Levites stood at their places (cp.1 Chron. 25) singing Psalms 113-118 repeatedly. The seemingly endless slaughter of animals, the stream of blood poured out, the singing of significant psalms, would impress those assembled with the awful consequences of transgression, and that without the shedding of blood there was no remission of sin.
 

Insight

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In 2Kings 23:25 we read that there was 'no king before or after Josiah who turned to Yahweh so completely as he did, and yet in 2Kings 18:5 these same words are said of Hezekiah.

Which is right?
 

Insight

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You will notice that 2Kings 23:25 states that Josiah was greater than any other king in a particular way that whatever he did, he did 'according to all the law of Moses.' He observed the Law more strictly than did Hezekiah, but in accordance with 2Kings 18:5, Hezekiah was the greater king. The same explanation applies to 2Chron 35:18, where we read that the Passover Josiah kept was greater than that kept at any previous time. When you read, 'there was no Passover like to that,' it does not mean that more people celebrated it in the time of Josiah, nor that it was kept with more enthusiasm, nor did more good, but rather that there was none kept so meticulously according to the ritual requirements of the Law as that conducted by Josiah.

In fact, the record reads as though it was in this direction that his reform actually failed!

Josiah had discovered the Book of the Law and with his greatest enthusiasm, tried to put into practice all he read. In that, he was helped by the priests and prophets of Judah. Their interest, however, was mainly political and rested in the formalism of the Law.
 

Insight

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Like the Jews of Christ's day they looked at the letter of the law and discerned not its spirit. Jeremiah warned them of this. He told them not to trust in lying words, saying, 'The temple of Yahweh, the temple of Yahweh, the temple of Yahweh are these,' using the temple as a mere talisman (See Jer 7:4). They believed that so long as they attended the temple all was well, and God would not destroy the building He constructed.
 

Insight

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Hence they relied on externals in religion, on strict attendance to formalism without discerning the spiritual lessons behind these necessary things (Mat 23:23). There was no spirit or love of Yahweh in their worship. On the other hand, Hezekiah saw beyond the mere letter of the Law. In his day they 'did eat the Passover otherwise than it was written' (2Chron 30:18), but through the intercession of the king they were forgiven any such infraction of the Law. Thus, in Hezekiah's day, the people recognized that they had broken the Law, and saw the need of seeking forgiveness; but in Josiah's day, the law was so meticulously set before them that the people felt themselves covered by it, and became self-righteous. They forgot that the Law could not save them, and, in fact, cursed them.

Josiah’s work actually foreshadows that of the Lord Jesus.

As Josiah ruthlessly destroyed idolatry, slaughtered the black-frocked priests, restored the temple worship, provided the Passover lambs for the people, so also will the Lord Jesus at his coming.

It was not his fault that the people refused to respond to the teaching of the law. That explains why Jeremiah so often denounced the people during the time of Josiah. That is so. One of the most important verses in the Old Testament is Jeremiah 1:2.

It tells us that this great prophet began to prophesy in the thirteenth year of Josiah. This was when the great reform had just commenced.
 

Insight

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The first twelve chapters of Jeremiah record prophecies given in the days of Josiah, at a time when people were flocking into the temple, when they were celebrating the Law as it had never been kept for centuries, when idolatry had been destroyed, the pagan temples and idols broken up, the false prophets and priests slain. From an external viewpoint, the nation looked spiritually prosperous and united.

But God reads the heart, and there the picture was not so good. He could see that the people did not want this reform: they preferred to go their own ways. He could see that they were hypocritical in attitude and that the sweeping reforms of the king were not really to their liking. Jeremiah expressed the viewpoint of God. He was forthright in his bitter condemnation. He told them that they were a nation of adulterers; that they had been completely unfaithful to their God, whom figuratively they married in the Covenant made at Sinai (Jer. 3:1-5).

He warned them that the very book of the Law they had discovered cursed them, and that upon them would assuredly come the terrible punishments therein recorded. He threatened and pleaded with them to turn wholeheartedly to God, to serve Him in such a way that the judgments pronounced therein might be averted.

Jer 1:2 is essential in understaning the life of Josiah because it tells us that the indictments of Jeremiah were given when the greatest religious revival in the history of the nation was taking place.

We are thereby shown very clearly that, though God requires observance of the laws and commandments that He gives, it is not in externals that God takes pleasure, but in the heart. We are taught that true religion cannot be forced by law, is useless to God when it relies upon man-made stimulus in the absence of the spirit of the Truth, or is induced by the commandments of men. By its very attitude Judah showed that it feared Josiah, not God, and this was abhorrent to Him.
 

Insight

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All we have is the simple statement from Jeremiah prophesied in the thirteenth year of Josiah's reign!

Jeremiah had warned the people that Yahweh requires more than mere formalism in worship, that if they really wanted to serve Him in truth they must seek
Him completely with all their hearts.

It was true that they had given tithes to restore the temple, it was true that they were reverting to the form of worship laid down in the Law, it was true that they were offering the prescribed sacrifices, and attending the necessary feasts. But they did all this because the king demanded it and not because of their love of God.

Therefore there was little true spirit in their religion. Did the first 7 prophecies of Jeremiah make any impact on the people? No! Therefore, at the command of Yahweh he began to use more dramatic methods.

"On one occasion, sometime after the celebration of the Passover, when the people were flocking into the temple for worship, they saw the prophet standing in the court gate. He faced the people with his back to the temple, as though he were guarding it from their polluting presence. Then, when sufficient had gathered around him, he addressed them.

'Hear this, all you that enter these gates to worship Yahweh,' cried the youthful prophet and priest, 'Thus saith Yahweh of hosts, the God of Israel, Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place!'

"The people could hardly believe their ears. What did he mean? Did they not flock to the temple, bringing their sacrifices?

Were they not worshipping Yahweh? Had they not changed their ways?

"The prophet declared they had not. As they gathered around him in the temple, he showed that their actions were really dictated by the commands of men and did not reflect a love of God.

You cannot aproach Him without either sincerity or truth.
 

Insight

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Jeremiah told them they put too much confidence in the temple as though God would never destroy it, and he warned them that Yahweh would destroy both the temple and the nation if the people did not change.

"He declared, 'You trust in lying words that cannot profit. You steal, murder, do all manner of evil, and then come and stand before Yahweh in this house and say, 'We are delivered to do all these things. Is THIS HOUSE WHICH I HAVE CALLED BY MY NAME, BECOME A DEN OF ROBBERS IN YOUR EYES?

Behold, even I have seen it, saith Yahweh' (Jer. 7:8-11). These were the very words that the Lord used when he entered the temple, and overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of them that sold doves, and said:

'This house shall be called of all nations a House of Prayer, but ye have made it a den of thieves' (Mark 11:17).

I can imagine how the people would look on Jeremiah with anger as they later did also on the Lord. The Lord was quoting both Isaiah and Jeremiah on that occasion, Isaiah predicted the time when the temple shall be called a House of Prayer for all nations (Isa. 56), but Jeremiah actually enacted the very incident itself.

It was this action of Christ that caused the priests to conspire to destroy him, and in like manner, Jeremiah's exhortation in the temple caused the people to hate him. It was the beginning of a long discourse that occupies chapters 7 to 10 of his book, and in which he showed that the very Book of the Law they had discovered warned them of dire punishments to come.
 

sdcougar

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Josiah, a definite hero of the faith! I used him as an example in one of my books. Here is the piece:

Josiah, whose name means “Yahweh Supports,” was
crowned King of Judah at the age of eight. Ammnon, his
father, had reigned for only two years before his servants
murdered him. Ammnon had done “evil in the sight of the
LORD, as his father Manasseh had done . . . and he served
the idols that his father had served, and worshiped them” (2
Kings 22:20,21).
God’s chosen people still thought they could worship
both the idols of their pagan neighbors and Yahweh. Isaiah,
as we read in the Introduction, had called the people to
account for this, a few generations before Josiah. We read in
2 Chronicles, chapter 34, that in the eighth year of his reign,
Josiah “began to seek the God of his father David.” And in
the twelfth year, “he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem of
the high places [where idols were worshiped], the wooden
images, and the molded images” (v. 3).
“They broke down the altars of the Baals in his [Josiah’s]
presence . . . He also burned the bones of the [false] priests
on their altars, and cleansed Judah and Jerusalem” (vv. 4, 5).
He did the same in the cities “all around” (v. 6).
“When he had broken down all the incense altars
throughout the land of Israel he returned to Jerusalem” (v. 7).
In the eighteenth year of his reign, Josiah had it on his
heart to “repair the house of the LORD his God” (v. 8).
Craftsman and builders were called. In the process of renovation,
the “Book of the Law of the LORD given by Moses”
was found by Hilkiah the priest (v. 14). He gave it to
Shaphan, the scribe, who carried it to the king, and gave
Josiah a report on the progress of the Temple repair. Then,
Love, Prayer and Forgiveness
Shaphan called attention to the book and “read it before the
king” (v. 18).
“Then it happened, when the king heard the word of the
Law, that he tore his clothes” (v. 19).
What an example of humility we see in Josiah. He did
not rebuff the scribe. He did not shut his ears. He did not
proclaim, “Look at all the good I have done for God these
last several years!” Rather, he heard the written word of God
and he submitted to it.
When Josiah heard the word of God, he believed it. And
he saw that God’s people stood under God’s judgment for
their continuous disobedience over the years. Josiah turned
not to his accomplishments for God, but to God. And
because of his tender, humble heart, God had mercy on
Judah for as long as Josiah lived.
Josiah summoned all of God’s people and their leaders
to the house of the Lord. He read to them the word of God,
which had been found in the temple. And Josiah “made a
covenant before the LORD, to follow the LORD, and to
keep His commandments . . . with all his heart and all his
soul, to perform the words of the covenant that were written
in this book” (v. 31).
Revival among God’s people followed Josiah’s love and
obedience. They kept passover as it had not been kept since
the days of Samuel (35:18).
Despite present-day talk of revival, God’s word does not
stand at the forefront of our minds. In our day, we pick and
choose which Scriptures to obey and which to ignore or
explain away....

From Love, Prayer and Forgiveness: When Basics Become Heresies
http://www.amazon.com/dp/159467664X?tag=mikesnoworg-20&camp=14573&creative=327641&linkCode=as1&creativeASIN=159467664X&adid=0V57JVJK0RKC8N4V3XYW&