The churches teach that the soul is immortal, that it is something that separates from the body upon death and lives on and they want to divide us as a person into "three parts", body, soul and spirit. So what is the body, soul and spirit, as taught in the Bible ?
Starting with the Bible book of Genesis, it uses the Hebrew word nephesh (or "properly, a breathing creature", Strong's Concordance) or soul for the first time at Genesis 1:20, which says concerning the 5th "creative" day: "And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life (or "living souls”, Greek Septuagint psy·khon´ zo·son´, plural; Hebrew, ne´phesh chai·yah´, singular, referring to marine animals or other creatures as a single group and in which the same expression is used with reference to man at Gen. 2:7) and fowl (or "flying creatures") that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven."(KJV) These were among the first "breathers" or souls created.
Genesis 1:21 says: "And God created great whales, and every living creature (or "living souls", Hebrew nephesh chaiyah) that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good."(KJV)
And at Genesis 1:24 concerning the 6th "creative" day, it states: "And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature (or "living souls", Hebrew nephesh chaiyah) after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so."(KJV)
Then at Genesis 1:30, it says: "And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life (literally, “living soul” or "life as a soul", Hebrew, ne´phesh chai·yah´), I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so."(KJV) Thus, what can be seen in these scriptures ? That the sea creatures and land animals are "souls", not possessing one, for they are all "breathers" or "life as a breather", or "life as a soul".
At Genesis 9, it says that after the global flood, that God gave this command: "Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you; even as the green herb have I given you all things. But flesh with the life (literally "soul of him", Hebrew benaphshu) thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall ye not eat. And surely your blood of your lives (literally "souls of you", Hebrew lenaphshthi) will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man's brother will I require the life (or "soul of ", Hebrew athnephesh) of man."(Gen 9:4, 5, KJV)
At Numbers 9, it says: "And there were certain men, who were defiled by (by touching) the dead body (literally Hebrew "lenephesh adam" or human soul) of a man, that they could not keep the passover on that day:"(Num 9:6, KJV)
So, can a person logically conclude that the soul is something immortal that separates from the body at death ? No. Rather, the Bible identifies that the soul has blood (Gen 9:5; Jer 2:34), that both land and marine animals are "souls", that it is a "living creature" or in the case of humans, us as a living person with all our desires.
Psalms 7 says of David looking to Jehovah for deliverance: "O Jehovah my God, in you I have taken refuge. Save me from all those persecuting me and deliver me, that no one may tear my soul to pieces as a lion does".(Ps 7:2) Hence, David shows that the soul can be torn to pieces by another person or lion. But if a person still accepts that we as humans have an immortal soul, then what about the land and marine animals ? They are also called souls. Do they have immortality or "immortal souls" ?
Because the doctrine of the immortality of the soul is so deeply ingrained for some, it is difficult for them to "change course" (or as some say "Wrap your head around it") and recognize that the soul is a living creature that literally breathes (and has extended meanings), not something shadowy within a creature or person, that the words concerning the first man Adam that "Jehovah God proceeded to form the man out of dust from the ground and to blow into his nostrils the breath of life (“breath of life.” Hebrew, nish·math´ (from nesha·mah´) chai·yim´), and the man became a living soul ("living soul", Hebrew nephesh chaiyah)" at Genesis 2:7 is a new thought.
The apostle Paul wrote at 1 Corinthians 15:45: "And so it is written (at Gen 2:7), The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit".(KJV) Paul said that Adam was "made (or became) a living soul", not having one put within him, for of Jesus he also said that he was "made (or became) a quickening spirit", not having something shadowy put within him.
And of the word spirit (Hebrew ruach and Greek pysche), at Genesis 6:17 says: "And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life (Literally, “in which the active force (spirit) of life [is].” Hebrew, ’asher-boh´ ru´ach chai·yim´. Here ru´ach means “active force; spirit", as at Genesis 1:2) from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die."(KJV)
At Isaiah 44, it says: "For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring:"(Isa 44:3, KJV) Just as water nor blessing is a person, but something that can be poured out and gives life, so likewise of the word "spirit" that can be poured out on someone, in this case, Jehovah's holy spirit. A person's life force or active force or God's holy spirit is unseen and gives them life, being an unseen force like gravity. Take away a person's spirit and what do you have ?
Psalms 104:29 says: "If you (God) take away their spirit (Hebrew ruach; KJV says "breath"), they die and return to the dust". Psalms 146 says concerning humans upon death: "His spirit (Hebrew ruach; KJV says "breath") goes out, he returns to the ground; On that day his thoughts perish".(Ps 146:4)
Thus, when Adam died, his "spirit" or life force left and he returned to that from which he was made, dust.(Gen 3:19) He then became a "dead soul" (Lev 21:1, Hebrew lenephesh lo, KJV reads "dead"), non-existent, all breathing ceased, all his thoughts perished. He was no longer alive in any way and always will remain as such. Just a when unplugging a fan from its electrical power, it "dies", having lost its "life force", so likewise of any "living soul".
So, upon death, the spirit or life force leaves the body or vanishes, and a human returns to dust or state of non-existence as before they were conceived, for Ecclesiastes 9 says: "For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten."(Ecc 9:5, KJV)
The Bible also uses the words body and soul to mean what we look like to others (like the body that can be seen) as opposed to what we really are on the inside, the kind of person we truly are (like the spirit or life force that is unseen).
For example, at Hebrew 4, the apostle Paul says: "For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart."(Heb 4:12, KJV)
Through the Bible, likened to a sword here, it reveals (or cuts away) what a person really is inside (spirit) as opposed to what people may see of a person putting on a front or pretends to be (the body), exposing hidden qualities or heart attitudes that show either a love for God or a treacherous heart.(Jer 17:9)
With the Bible, it can be discerned what is in a person's heart, who they really are, seeing inside a person, though they may profess love for God.(see John 5:42) Jesus showed this to be the case as at Mark 2:8 and Luke 12:13-15, what "spirit" or mental inclination the Jewish religious leaders (hatred for Jesus) as well as a man (coveting) had.