More Astonishing Bible Proof - (Warning -Athiests- This Is Adult Sensitive Material)?

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Doppleganger

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Frankish_Kings
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascaric
Ascaric or Ascarich (meaning "tree, spear", a cognate of "ash" and an allusion to Wodan, and ric, a cognate of rex, meaning "king") was an early Frankish king, who, along with his co-ruler Merogais, is the earliest Frankish ruler known.

In 306 he and Merogais led a Frankish raid across the Rhine into southern Gaul while Constantine the Great was campaigning against the Picts in Britannia. Apparently the two had made a previous agreement with Rome, since Constantine sought to punish them as traitors upon his return. The two chieftains were defeated, captured, and executed "for their past crimes", an act which "bound with fear the slippery loyalty of the whole race." The execution took place, probably Trier, and the two Franks and their followers were torn apart by animals in the amphitheatre before a large crowd. Their defeat was followed by the subjection of the Bructeri.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bructeri
The Bructeri were a Germanic tribe located in northwestern Germany (Soester Börde), between the Lippe and Ems rivers south of the Teutoburg Forest, in present-day North Rhine-Westphalia around 100 BC through 350 AD. They formed an alliance with the Cherusci, the Marsi, the Chatti, Sicambri, and the Chauci, under the leadership of Arminius, that defeated the Roman General Varus and annihilated his three legions at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD.
Six years later, one of the generals serving under Germanicus, L. Stertinius defeated the Bructeri and devastated their lands. Among the booty captured by Stertinius was the eagle standard of Legio XIX that had been lost at Teutoburg Forest.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veleda
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavians
The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II (317 - 361), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.

Constantius Gallus added inhabitants of Batavia to his legions, "of whose discipline we still make use." It has been assumed they merged with the Salii shortly before or after and, after having been expelled by another tribe (it has been proposed this was the Chamavi), shared their subsequent migration to Toxandria, an ancient name for current Brabant after (358). In the Late Roman army there was a unit called Batavi.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanenAD50.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavian_rebellion
From his homeland of Batavia, Civilis tried for some time to attack the Roman army in a series of raids by land and, with help of his fleet, in the rivers Waal and Rhine. In one of these raids, Civilis managed to capture the flagship of the Roman fleet. This was a humiliation that demanded a response. Cerialis decided to wait no longer and invaded Batavia.

At the outset of the rebellion, Rome was heavily preoccupied with major military operations in Judea during the First Jewish-Roman War. However, the siege of Jerusalem that began in April of 70 AD was over by early September, and the war was essentially over. When Civilis heard that Jerusalem had fallen, and he realized that Rome would now bring its full resources to bear upon him.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest took place in 9 CE, when an alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius (also known as "Hermann"), the son of Segimerus (German: Sigimer) of the Cherusci, ambushed and destroyed three Roman legions, along with their auxiliaries.

After Arminius was finally defeated and dead, Rome would try to control Germania east of the Rhine and north of the Danube indirectly, by appointing client kings. So Italicus, a nephew of Arminius, was appointed king of the Cherusci; Vangio and Sido became vassal princes of the powerful Suebi, and so on.

Despite numerous successful campaigns and raids by the Roman army over the Rhine in the years after the battle, the Romans were to make no more concerted attempts to conquer and permanently hold Germania beyond the river. The three legion numbers were never used again by the Romans after this defeat, unlike other legions that were restructured – a case unique in Roman history.
 

Doppleganger

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porrex_I
His death sparked a civil war which would not be resolved until the reign of Dunvallo Molmutius. His death shifted the dominant genealogical royal house of Brutus to another house, Cornwall. Dumnonii.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molmutine_Laws
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunvallo
Dunvallo Molmutius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Cloten, the King of Cornwall, and he restored order after the "Civil War of the Five Kings".

Dunvallo then took 600 of his men and himself and dressed themselves in the armour of the dead enemies. They led a charge deep into enemy lines where they killed the two kings. After this battle, Dunvallo destroyed the remaining defenses of the kings and pillaged their lands.

Following the defeat of the rival kings, Dunvallo created a crown like that of his predecessors and claimed the throne of Britain. He created a set of rules for the kingdom called the Molmutine Laws which lasted for many centuries. He reigned in peace and prosperity for forty years then died and was buried in the Temple of Concord, a tribute to his laws, which resided in Trinovantum. His death sparked another civil war between his two sons, Belinus and Brennius.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belinus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brennius
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia
Prior to the battle, the Senones, traversed the Appennines searching for new land to settle. They eventually camped outside the town of Clusium (in the Etruscan province of Siena) and began negotiations for land rights. The Clusians felt threatened by the Senones, and they called for help from Rome, who had recently exerted military influence over Etruria.

Many historians speculate that the Romans learned much about weapons technology and battle tactics from this run-in with the Senones. Though only a single tribe, the Senones were part of the much larger culture of Celts (or Gauls) that had more advanced iron-working and close-quarter combat techniques. Specifically, the Celts/Gauls used heavier long swords and full body shields, which allowed them to interlock shields for greater defense (a tactic later named "tortoise" (testudo) in the Roman histories).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senigallia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senones
For more than 100 years the Senones were engaged in hostilities with the Romans, until they were finally subdued (283 BC). It is possible that they formed part of the bands of Gauls who spread themselves over the countries by the Danube, Macedonia and Asia Minor. A Roman colony was established at Sena, called Sena Gallica (currently Senigallia) to distinguish it from Sena Julia (Siena) in Etruria.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senonnes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sens
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senones,_Vosges
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Rome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic
Celtic invasion of Italia (390–387 BC)
By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes had begun invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted of this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns from the north. These two towns were not far from Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the size of the enemy in numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met them in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, under their chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of around 15,000 troops and proceeded to pursue the fleeing Romans back to Rome itself and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Now that the Romans and Gauls had bloodied one another, intermittent warfare was to continue between the two in Italy for more than two centuries. The Celtic problem would not be resolved for Rome until the final subjugation of all Gaul by Julius Caesar at the Battle of Alesia in 52 BC.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beli_Mawr
Beli Mawr (translated into English as Beli the Great) was an ancestor figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies - Beli and Belenus.

The origin of the name Beli is still a matter of debate among scholars. The most popular hypothesis sees the name Beli as a Middle Welsh reflex of the Gaulish and Brittonic theonym Belenus (also attested as a personal name), but a more recent alternative is that proposed by the Celticist John Koch, who suggests that Beli derives from and Old Celtic name Belgius or Bolgios, borne by one of the chieftains who led the Gallic invasion of Macedonia in 280-279 BCE. He therefore proposes that this great leader Belgius came to be regarded as the namesake and ancestor of the powerful British and Gallic tribal group the Belgae, whence would have come the doctrine that Beli was the ancestor of tribal dynasties.

Thus, although Beli became a separate personage in medieval pseudohistory from Cunobelinus (Welsh Cynfelyn, Shakespeare's Cymbeline), he was generally presented as a king reigning in the period immediately before the Roman invasion; his "son" Caswallawn is the historical Cassivellaunus.

[The Ancient British, Belgic, Frankish, and Roman Lines cross here also, and probably Byzantine and or Greek]
 

Doppleganger

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http://www.asis.com/...g/x2consta.html
http://en.wikipedia....ph_of_Arimathea
Legends about the arrival of Christianity in Britain abounded during the Middle Ages. Early writers do not connect Joseph to this activity, however. Tertullian (AD 155–222) wrote in Adversus Judaeos that Britain had already received and accepted the Gospel in his lifetime, writing of: "all the limits of the Spains, and the diverse nations of the Gauls, and the haunts of the Britons – inaccessible to the Romans, but subjugated to Christ."

http://jahtruth.co.uk/joarim.htm
The VATICAN MANUSCRIPT quoted by Baronius in his "Ecclesiastical Annals A.D. 35", (the same year in which the Acts of the Apostles state that all, except the Apostles, were scattered abroad from Judaea) records that in this year Lazarus, Maria Magdalene, Martha, her handmaiden Marcella, Maximin a disciple, Joseph the Decurion (Roman Minister for Mines) of Arimathaea, against all of whom the Jewish people had special reasons for hatred, were exposed to the sea in a vessel without sails or oars. The vessel drifted finally to Marseilles, and they were saved. From Marseilles Joseph and his company passed into Britain, and after preaching the Gospel there, died (and was buried).

http://www.hope-of-i...rg/i000111a.htm
Apart from the places already mentioned, West County traditions also associate St. Michael's Mount, Redruth and Glastonbury with a visit from Jesus. Ivor C. Fletcher uncovered a tradition in Upper Galilee that tells of a visit to Glastonbury:

Among the Maronite and Catluei villagers of Upper Galilee the tradition lingers that Jesus as a youth became a shipwright on a trading vessel from TYRE, one of the biblical "ships of Tarshish." According to the story, He was storm-bound on the WESTERN COASTS OF ENGLAND throughout the winter. The location of the visit is given as "THE SUMMERLAND," a name often used in ancient times for the modern COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Finally, there is evidence that Yeshua attended school in Britain! During the first century A.D. Britain was known throughout the Roman world for the excellence of its educational system. Gildas states, in the Cottonian Manuscript, that the British universities of Yeshua's time were the largest in the world. Ivor C. Fletcher expounds on this: Britain, during the first century A.D., would have been an ideal place to study and develop skills in various aspects of the building industry.

Eumenius states that British architects were in great demand on the Continent during his day. Several writers mention the skills of British craftsmen, especially in the metal working industries.

The enameling process was invented in Britain. A superb example of the local "La Tene" art is the famous Glastonbury bowl which was produced about the time of Christ. There is little doubt that Jesus could have developed many skills from British craftsmen. -- The Incredible History of God's True Church, pp. 56-57.

[Joseph in Britain 36-82 - very tubnulent years] http://www.greatdreams.com/jesus2.htm

http://www.loveyah.c...es/Constant.gif
http://www.loveyah.com/glaston.htm
In A.D. 42 Claudius issued a decree stating that anyone who accepted the Druidic or The Way faith had committed a capital offense punishable by death. With this decree, he ordered the destruction of Christianized Britain including its finer institutions and libraries. Claudius Caesar had his heart set on controlling Britain. He wanted to put an end to the controversy over the Roman’s way of worship and imperialism raised by the Druids and followers of The Way.

In the Annals of Tacitcus (12:38-38), Tacitcus describes the conflict between Rome and Britain while Caradoc was confined to Rome: "In Britain, after captivity of Caradoc, the Romans were repeatedly defeated and put to rout by the single state of the Silures alone."

Between A.D. 43 and A.D. 86, sixty major battles against the Romans had been fought on British soil. In A.D. 86, the Roman commander Agricola was frustrated by the determination of the British warriors and concluded with the same realization as Julius Caesar, that fighting the British was a futile and costly ambition. Another peace treaty was signed giving the British their native freedoms and kingly prerogatives. In A.D. 120, the Emperor Hadrian had the treaty revised allowing the Romans to keep some military bases in Britain.

http://en.wikipedia..../Pope_Eleuterus
As at the end of the 2nd century the Roman administration was so securely established in Britain south of Caledonia, that there could no longer have been any real native kings in that part of the island. That some tribal chief there, known as king, should have applied to the Roman bishop for instruction in the Christian faith seems improbable enough at that period. The unsupported assertion of the Liber Pontificalis, a compilation of papal biographies that in its earliest form cannot accurately date the first quarter of the 6th century, is not a sufficient basis for the acceptance of this statement. By some it is considered a story intended to demonstrate the Roman origin of the British Church, and consequently the latter's natural subjection to Rome.

http://en.wikipedia....cius_of_Britain
The first mention of Lucius and his letter to Eleuterus is in the Catalogus Felicianus, a version of the Liber Pontificalis created in the 6th century. Why the story appears there has been a matter of debate. In 1868 Arthur West Haddan and William Stubbs suggested that it might have been pious fiction invented to support the efforts of missionaries in Britain in the time of Saint Patrick and Palladius. However, modern scholars follow the argument first proposed by Adolf von Harnack in 1904 that sees the story as a deriving from a scribal error substituting Britanio, referring to Britannia, for Britio, referring to Birtha or Britium in what is now Turkey. In 179 Birtha was ruled by the Christian-friendly Roman client king of Osroene whose full title was Lucius Aelius Megas Abgar IX.

http://en.wikipedia....iki/Cunobelinus
From numismatic evidence Cunobelinus appears to have taken power around AD 9, minting coins from both Camulodunum (Colchester, capital of the Trinovantes) and Verlamion (later the Roman town of Verulamium, now modern St Albans), capital of the Catuvellauni. Some of the Verulamium coins name him as the son of Tasciovanus, a previous king of the Catuvellauni; unlike his father's, his coins name no co-rulers. However his earliest issues are from Camulodunum, indicating that he took power there first and some have a palm or laurel wreath design, a motif borrowed from the Romans indicating a military victory. He may have been emboldened to act against the Trinovantes by the Roman defeat in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in Germania in AD 9. The Trinovantes were a Roman ally whose independence was protected by a treaty made by Julius Caesar in 54 BC, but problems in Germania severely discouraged Augustus's territorial ambitions and ability to defend allies in Britain.

Cunobelinus died some time before 43. Caratacus completed the conquest of the Atrebates, and their king, Verica, fled to Rome, providing the new emperor, Claudius, with a pretext for the conquest of Britain. Caratacus and Togodumnus led the initial resistance to the invasion.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiderius
The eldest son of Cymbeline, he succeeds his father to the kingship of Britain. Cymbeline had voluntarily paid tribute to Rome, but Guiderius refused to pay it. The emperor Claudius responded by invading. Claudius and his chief of staff, Lelius Hamo, landed at Portchester, entrenching themselves there while besieging the city. Guiderius conscripted all the men of Britain against Claudius and marched south to meet him in battle. The Britons clashed with the Romans and succeeded so well that the Roman army began retreating to their ships.

Hamo, though, put on British armour and began attacking his own army, urging the Britons to do likewise. Because of this, Hamo was able to get close enough to Guiderius to strike him. Guiderius died then or soon after and was succeeded by his brother Arvirargus, who took over as king during the battle.

http://en.wikipedia....iki/Cunobelinus
Arvirargus (or Arviragus) was a legendary, and possibly historical, British king of the 1st century AD. A shadowy historical Arviragus is known only from a cryptic reference in a satirical poem by Juvenal, in which a giant turbot presented to the Roman emperor Domitian (AD 81 – 96) is said to be an omen that "you will capture some king, or Arviragus will fall from his British chariot-pole". Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (1136) presents a legendary Arviragus who is contemporary with the emperor Claudius (AD 41-54).

Geoffrey's legendary Arvirargus appears to correspond to some degree to the historical Caratacus, son of Cunobelinus, who, along with his brother Togodumnus, led the initial resistance to the Roman invasion of AD 43, and went on to be a thorn in Rome's side for nearly a decade after Togodumnus's death. Welsh versions of Geoffrey's Historia call him Gweirydd and his brother Gwydr.

[Here Solomon and Nathan's Line through Anna daughter of Joseph of Arimethea cross with the Ancient British Welsh Tudor Lines that were mixed with Aeneus' Latin Lines through Claudius amd Glady's]
http://www.asis.com/...ag/royalty.html
 

Doppleganger

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladud
Some possibly semi-historical, mostly legendary accounts of Ancient Institional Academics ?

The tale of Bladud was later embellished by other authors, such as John Hardyng and John Higgins, writing in the sixteenth century. In its final form Bladud was sent by his father to be educated in the liberal arts in Athens. After his father's death he returned, with four philosophers, and founded a university at Stamford in Lincolnshire, which flourished until it was suppressed by Saint Augustine of Canterbury.

He seems to be known to built a temple to Athene or Minerva, and created Bath.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druid
Julius Caesar claimed that they were one of the two most important social groups in the region (alongside the equites, or nobles), and were responsible for organising worship and sacrifices, divination, and judicial procedure in Gaulish and British society. He also claimed that they were exempt from military service and from the payment of taxes, and that they had the power to excommunicate people from religious festivals, making them social outcasts. Two other classical writers, Diodorus Siculus and Strabo also wrote about the role of druids in Gallic society, claiming that the druids were held in such respect that if they intervened between two armies they could stop the battle.

Pomponius Mela is the first author who says that the druids' instruction was secret, and was carried on in caves and forests. Druidic lore consisted of a large number of verses learned by heart, and Caesar remarked that it could take up to twenty years to complete the course of study. What was taught to Druid novices anywhere is conjecture: of the druids' oral literature. All instruction was communicated orally, but for ordinary purposes, Caesar reports, the Gauls had a written language in which they used Greek characters. In this he probably draws on earlier writers; by the time of Caesar, Gaulish inscriptions had moved from the Greek script to the Latin script.

http://www.morien-institute.org/barddas.html
Interestingly, for any serious discussion about the druids, the root of the word 'sideribus' is 'sider', and it is tempting to speculate whether or not romans such as Julius Cæsar might have understood a little of the original ancient Welsh language of the druids of Britannia (Britain). The ancient language of most peoples of the islands, and also of Brittany in northwest France, was Brythonic, a language which despite the inevitable changes over the last two millennia still has many similarities today with the traditional spoken languages of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany. The Welsh word 'sidydd' has traditionally been used to describe the 'zodiac' or 'ecliptic', with 'Caer Sidi' referring to the illusion of a 'revolving castle' of stars, or constellations, that form the background to the apparent annual path of the sun around the heavens. Perhaps the two words share a common archaic root dating right back into prehistoric times?

Bearing that in mind, the works of Caius Julius Cæsar is as good a place as any to start. After all he did attempt to conquer the Islands of Prydein at a time when the druidic system was fully in control of the islands. We have selected the references quoted in three books about the druids to illustrate the often subtle differences in translation which can change the whole way that the celtic druids are viewed.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaris_the_Hyperborean
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperborea
Hyperborea was identified with Britain first by Hecataeus of Abdera in the 4th century BC, as preserved in fragment by Diodorus Siculus: In the regions beyond the land of the Celts there lies in the ocean an island no smaller than Sicily. This island, the account continues, is situated in the north and is inhabited by the Hyperboreans, who are called by that name because their home is beyond the point whence the north wind (Boreas) blows; and the island is both fertile and productive of every crop, and has an unusually temperate climate.[Anglessey]

Hecateaus of Abdera also wrote that the Hyperboreans had a 'circular temple' on their Island, which some scholars have identified with Stonehenge. This is further supported by the fact that Stonehenge has been known as Apollo's Temple since classical antiquity, and Hyperborea in Greek legend was related to Apollo (see Legends below).

Pseudo-Scymnus around 90BC wrote that Boreas dwelled at the extremity of Gaulish territory, and that he had a pillar erected in his name on the edge of the sea (Periegesis, 183). Some have claimed this is a geographical reference to northern France, and Hyperborea as the British Isles which lay just beyond the English Channel.

Ptolemy (Geographia, 2. 21) and Marcian of Heraclea (Periplus, 2. 42) both placed Hyperborea in the North Sea which they called the 'Hyperborean Ocean'.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coligny_calendar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury
After the withdrawal of the Roman legions from the province of Britannia in 410, the natives of the province were left to defend themselves against the attacks of the Saxons. Before the withdrawal Britannia had been converted to Christianity and had even produced its own heretic in Pelagius.

Material remains testify to a growing presence of Christians, at least until around 360.[8] After the legions left, pagan tribes settled the southern parts of the island, but western Britain, beyond the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, remained Christian. This native British Church developed in isolation from Rome under the influence of missionaries from Ireland.

There is no evidence that these native Christians tried to convert the Anglo-Saxons. The invasions destroyed most remnants of Roman civilization in the areas held by the Saxons and related tribes, including the economic and religious structures.


http://www.biblemysteries.com/library/jeremiah.htm
Why does Northern Ireland or Ulster have the STAR OF DAVID on its flag (symbolic of David and the Pharez line of Judah) AND the Red Hand (symbolic of the Zarah line of Judah)? Because the Red Hand represents the line of Zarah which has ruled Ireland from the time Heremon established himself in the land (1434 B.C.); and the star of David indicates the presence of David in Ireland some 400 years later! It does NOT, however, necessarily indicate a healing of the breach that occurred in Genesis 38:27-30!

The Scottish historian Hector Boece recorded the same events in his book "Chroniklis of the Scots" (1531): "GATHELUS, a Greek, the son of...the Athenian Cecrops...went to Egypt AT THE TIME OF THE EXODUS, where he married Scota, the daughter of Pharao, and after the destruction of the Egyptian army in the Red Sea, fled with her...till he arrived in PORTUGAL, where he landed, and founded a kingdom at Brigantium, now COMPOSTELLA. Here he reigned in the marble chair, which was the 'lapis fatalis cathedrae instar,' or FATAL STONE like a chair....a descendant of Gathelus [actually his son Heremon] brought the chair [and stone] from Spain TO IRELAND, and was crowned in it as King of Ireland."

The Annals of the Four Masters reads: "TEA, the daughter of LUGAIDH, SON OF ITHA, who Eremhon married IN SPAIN." This Tea is an altogether different person from the Tea who came more than four centuries later to the Irish Isles. The British Israel World Federation...is unwilling to believe the history of Ireland as it is plainly recorded. The Tea who married Ghede the Heremon was a daughter of Lughaidh, the son of Ith, uncle of Miledh [Milesius]....These events occurred in David's reign, not Zedekiah's.

This explains why she was thought to be an Egyptian princess when she arrived in Ireland. Research suggests that Eochaidh -- Heremon of all Ireland, was SCOTA'S SON and NOT her husband, and that EOCHAIDH MARRIED TEA, DAUGHTER OF LUGHAIDH. Lughaidh was grandson of Breogan who was Eochaidh's great grandfather also thus they were all DESCENDED FROM CALCOL, SON OF ZARAH-JUDAH, and were all 'Judahites.' " (Pp. 13-14).

Here Irish Tuatha de Danaan, Fir Bolg, Milesian, Iberian, cross with Scottish, Argyll, Dal Riata which cross with the Late Anglo Saxon and Norman Kingdoms and earlier Norse rule.


A few example of this is the Ynglings [Angles][Geats][Nords]{Finns]
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~knorthup/Webpage/Atlanta/Lunde/LundeHTMpages/Yngling%20Saga.htm
In "The Yngling Saga" of Heimskingla, The Saga of the Norse Kings Snorri Sturleson recounts the story of Yngve Frey (King of Svitjod, 65 B.C.-10 A.D.) son of Njorth.

1. YNGVE FREY - King in Svitjod, probably from Uppsala, Sweden, born about: 65 B.C. and died about: 10 A.D.Yngve was the son of Njorth.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling
They likewise held the god Frey to be the founder of their race. [Frisian]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingvaeones [Frisian]
Ing, the legendary father of the Ingaevones/Ingvaeones derives his name from a posited proto-Germanic *Ingwaz, signifying "man" and "son of" as Ing, Ingo, or Inguio, son of Mannus. This is also the name applied to the Viking era deity Freyr, known in Sweden as Yngvi-Freyr and mentioned as Yngvi-Freyr in Snorri Sturluson's Ynglinga saga. Jacob Grimm, in his Teutonic Mythology considers this Ing to have been originally identical to the obscure Scandinavian Yngvi, eponymous ancestor of the Swedish royal house of the Ynglinga, the "Inglings"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uí_Ímair [Raven Banner]
The Uí Ím(h)air or Dynasty of Ivar, were an enormous royal and imperial Norse dynasty who ruled Northern England, the Irish Sea region and Kingdom of Dublin, and the western coast of Scotland, including the Hebrides, from the mid 9th century,

The name is Old Irish, and means "grandchildren" or Descendants of Ivar, but the dynasty include their progenitor and his sons. Ivar is described in the Irish annals as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and Auisle, and his obituary is recorded in the Annals of Ulster under the year 873, reading Imhar, rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie, uitam finiuit., or "Ivar, king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain". He may have been the inspiration for the legendary Ivar Ragnarsson, one of the leaders of the Great Heathen Army. A positive association would mean Uí Ímair dynasts were also Overkings of East Anglia.

Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a "unitary empire", but instead a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred, with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army [Raven Banner]
The origins of the Army can be seen in the band of Viking warriors who attacked Paris in 845, perhaps led by the legendary Viking, Ragnar Lothbrok. They raided the region from 850, repeatedly sacking Rouen and various smaller towns, perhaps striking from easily defended bases in the area of their depredations.

Having gained experience across Europe, the army arrived in Britain in late 865, landing in East Anglia. Under the command of Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ivar the Boneless, with the support of Ubbe Ragnarsson, it aimed to conquer and settle in England.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_Empire [Raven Banner]
The North Sea Empire is the name usually given to the historical unified kingdom ruled by Cnut the Great as king of England, Denmark, Norway, and parts of Sweden between 1016 and 1035. As one historian put it:

When the eleventh century began its fourth decade, Canute, was with the single exception of the Emperor, the most imposing ruler in Latin Christendom. . . . [H]e was lord of four important realms and the overlord of other kingdoms. Though technically Canute was counted among the kings, his position among his fellow-monarchs was truly imperial. Apparently he held in his hands the destinies of two great regions: the British Isles and the Scandinavian peninsulas. His fleet all but controlled two important seas, the North and the Baltic. He had built an Empire.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven_banner
http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/banners.shtml
http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/graphics/pagecontent/AdPreliumContraHaroldumRege.jpg
http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/graphics/pagecontent/CloseupOfBayeauxTapestryRavenBanner.jpg

http://www.britam.org/Proof/Attributes/roleNames.html

This is the NorthWest Norse Line through the Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Byrthonic, Frisian, Saxon and Norman Lines.

It was probably well connected to the east through extensive trade, information flow, slaves, and blood ties to illyrio-Thraco-Greco-Byztantines, varangian-Kievs & Cauco-Scythio-Hunic-Magyars

This isn't to mention the Kohainim, Cowans, Conans, Ashkenezzi, Khazars, Georgians, Armenii, and of course the Alans.

[This is the biggest problem I have with the 2 house theology and some skeptics - is that before and after these kingdoms came and went they were named after their coressponding tribes]
 

Doppleganger

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http://www.roman-britain.org/places/ictis.htm
"St. Michael's Mount was widely known as a port and trading market from very early times. Prehistoric traders passing between the western parts of Britain and the Continent would not have wished to risk the rough and dangerous voyage around Land's End, and so sent their cargoes across the narrowest and most level part of Cornwall from the Hayle estuary to St. Michael's Mount. Ireland was rich in gold and copper, and the Irish traders would have found transport by sea much simpler than the journey along the tracks through the almost impassable forests and swamps of England and Wales.

Dr. H. O'Neil Hencken in his book Archaeology of Cornwall and Scilly, published in 1932, suggested that by the Iron Age the island of St. Michael's Mount would have become a highly important port." "St. Michael's Mount was also at one time probably the island of "Ictis" from which Cornish tin was exported to the Greek trading communities in the Mediterranean. Towards the end of the fourth century B.C., shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Pytheas, a Greek geographer from Marseilles, had made a voyage of exploration round the coast of Britain looking for the source of amber in the Baltic. Unfortunately, the records of his voyage were lost but they were known to later classical writers such as Timaeus, Posidonius and Pliny.

The evidence of these writings is vague and conflicting but represents all that was known about the tin trade in the ancient classical world. In particular, Diodorus, a Sicilian Greek historian, writing in the first quarter of the first century A. D., gives an account which is probably a description of the working of Cornish tin (by streaming from the rocks) about the time of the voyage of Pytheas, and how it was carried over to St. Michael's Mount." ""The inhabitants of that part of Britain which is called Belerion [that is to say Land's End]," Diodorus says, "are very fond of strangers and from their intercourse with foreign merchants are civilised in their manner of life. They prepare the tin, working very carefully the earth in which it is produced. The ground is rocky but it contains earthy veins, the produce of which is ground down, smelted and purified. They beat the metal into masses shaped like astralgi [knuckle-bones] and carry it off to a certain island off Britain called Ictis.

During the ebb of the tide the intervening space is left dry and they carry over to the island the tin in abundance in their wagons." In a later passage in the same context ~Diodorus says, "Here then the merchants buy the tin from the natives and carry it over to Gaul, and after travelling overland for about thirty days, they finally bring their loads on horses to the mouth of the Rhone." Diodorus mentioned both Marseilles and Narbonne by name as places to which Cornish tin was sent on the Mediterranean coast."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_route
Historically, the period from 1250 BCE–153 CE saw the Western Asian, Mediterranean, Chinese and Indian societies develop major transportation networks for trade.

The 3rd century saw the Danube river become the principal artery of trade, eclipsing the Amber Road and other commercial routes.

Via Maris, literally Latin for "the way of the sea," was an ancient highway used by the Romans and the Crusaders. The states controlling the Via Maris were in a position to grant access for trade to their own citizens and collect tolls from the outsiders to maintain the trade route. The name Via Maris is a Latin translation of a Hebrew phrase related to Isaiah. Due to the Biblical significance of this ancient route, many attempts to find its present day location have been made by Christian pilgrims. 13th century traveler and pilgrim Burchard of Mount Zion refers to the Via Maris route as a way leading along the shore of the Sea of Galilee.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Road
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_route_from_the_Varangians_to_the_Greeks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_route_from_the_Khazars_to_the_Germans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cornwall
Cornwall and neighbouring Devon had large reserves of tin, which was mined extensively during the Bronze Age by people associated with the Beaker culture. Tin is necessary to make bronze from copper, and by about 1600 BCE the West Country was experiencing a trade boom driven by the export of tin across Europe. This prosperity helped feed the skilfully wrought gold ornaments recovered from Wessex culture sites.

The ancient Greeks and Romans used the name Belerion or Bolerium for the south-west tip of the island of Britain, but the late-Roman source for the Ravenna Cosmography (compiled about 700 CE) introduces a place-name Puro coronavis, the first part of which seems to be a mis-spelling of Duro (meaning Fort). This appears to indicate that the tribe of the Cornovii, known from earlier Roman sources as inhabitants of an area centred on modern Shropshire, had by about the 5th century CE established a power-base in the south-west (perhaps at Tintagel). The tribal name is therefore likely to be the origin of Kernow or later Curnow used for Cornwall in the Cornish language.

Historical sources such as Strabo, though not entirely reliable, state that the Phoenicians traded tin with Cornwall. There is no archaeological evidence for this. Some modern historians have attempted to debunk earlier antiquarian constructions of "the Phoenician legacy of Cornwall."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Cornwall_and_Devon
Mining in Cornwall and Devon began in the early Bronze Age approximately 2,150 BC and ended with the South Crofty tin mine in Cornwall closing in 1998. Tin is one of the earliest metals to have been exploited in Britain. Chalcolithic metal workers discovered that by putting a small amount of tin (5 - 20%) in molten copper an alloy called bronze was produced that was easier to work and harder than copper. The oldest production of tin-bronze is in Turkey about 3500 BC but exploitation of the tin resources in Britain is believed to have started before 2000 BC, with a thriving tin trade developing with the civilizations of the Mediterranean. The strategic importance of tin in forging bronze weapons brought the southwest of Britain into the Mediterranean economy at an early date. Later tin was also used in the production of pewter.

Mining in Cornwall has existed from the early Bronze Age around 2150 BC. Cornwall was traditionally thought to have been visited by metal traders from the eastern Mediterranean. However, it is likely that the tin trade with the Mediterranean was controlled by the Veneti. Britain was one of the places proposed for the Cassiterides, that is Tin Islands.

As demand for bronze grew in the Middle East the local supplies of tin ore (casserite) became used up and searches were made over all the known world for new supplies, including Britain. Control of the tin trade seems to have been in Phoenician hands and they kept their sources secret. The Greeks understood that tin came from the Cassiterides, the "tin islands", of which the geographical identity is debated.

By 500 BC Hecataeus knew of islands beyond Gaul where tin was obtained. Pytheas of Massalia travelled to Britain about 325 BC where he found a flourishing tin trade, according to the late report of his voyage. Posidonius referred to the tin trade with Britain around 90 BC but Strabo in about 18 AD did not list tin as one of Britain's exports. This is likely to be because Rome was obtaining its tin from Spain at the time. Camden identified the Cassiterides with the Scilly Isles and gave first currency to the belief that the Phoenicians traded to Britain. However, there is no tin mining on the Scilly Isles apart from minor exploratory excavations. Timothy Champion found it likely that the trade of the Phoenicians with Britain was indirect and under the control of the Veneti of Brittany. The Rillaton Cup and the Pelynt Dagger are two artifacts that have been found in Cornwall that show contact with the Mycenaean Greek world.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rillaton_Barrow
The cup is of note due to its Aegean style metalwork of the period and resembles similar finds from the Greek site of Mycenae, suggesting cultural and trading links with the Eastern Mediterranean. This provided the original date, since there was no carbon dating capability at the time of its discovery, however this date is now suspect and a date contingent to the Ringlemere cup of 2300 BC for its original deposit is favoured. The Rillaton Cup and the Pelynt Dagger are two artefacts that have been found in Cornwall that show contact with the Mycenaean world.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morvah
In 1884 during quarrying for building materials at Morvah, on the north-western coast of the Penwith peninsula at Carne Farm, (which lies about half a mile north of Chûn Castle and quoit), a hoard of gold ornaments was found dating from the late Bronze Age. The hoard of gold bracelets discovered here consisted of six large bracelets, three with distinctive trumpet-like ends. One also has engraved geometric designs on it. These bracelets were almost certainly either made in Ireland or made from Irish gold, and made their way, probably through trade in exchange for tin, to Cornwall. They now reside in the British Museum but are a vivid reminder of how relatively well-off Cornwall was in prehistoric times.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towednack
Concealed in an ancient stone hedge, was found a collection of beautiful gold objects, including two twisted neckrings, four armrings and two lengths of unfinished gold rod. One necklet consists of a single twisted strand of gold, and the other consists of three strands loosely twisted together. The gold is very fine, and probably came from Ireland. These ornaments date from the late Bronze Age and they now reside in the British Museum.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Corinth
During the 7th century BC, when Corinth was ruled by the tyrants, the city sent forth colonists to found new settlements: Epidamnus (modern day Durrës, Albania), Syracuse, Ambracia (modern day town of Lefkas), Corcyra (modern day town of Corfu) and Anactorium. Periander also founded Apollonia in Illyria (modern day Fier, Albania) and Potidaea (in Chalcidice). Corinth was also one of the nine Greek sponsor- cities to found the colony of Naukratis in Ancient Egypt. Naucratis was founded to accommodate the increasing trade volume between the Greek world and the pharaohnic Egypt, during the reign of Pharaoh Psammetichus I of the 26th dynasty.

Around 500 BC, just before the beginning of the classical period, the Corinthians developed the trireme. This ship design would become widespread in the navies of the Mediterranean area until the late Roman period. Corinth took part in the first naval battle on record, against the Hellenic city of Corcyra. According to Thucydides, Corinth was the first place in Hellas to build triremes. The Corinthians were also known for their wealth because of its location on the isthmus. All information to and from the Peloponnese traveled through Corinth, because many travelers came through delivering messages and goods.

http://www.christopherlong.co.uk/oth/msm-smmtin.html
St Michael's Mount, however, appeared to be an exceptional case. While the monks had numerous routine land disputes with successive Norman kings or barons in England (some of which they won and others they lost), they seem to have gone to extraordinary lengths in their attempts to prove that the rocky island of St Michael's Mount had been granted to them by Edward the Confessor (but during the reign of King Canute) long before the Norman Conquest.

Indeed the charter they relied upon for proof of their entitlement is almost universally regarded as a forgery – probably produced at Mont-Saint-Michel in the 11th century in order to convince the Conqueror or his heirs that the monks held ancient rights to lands in Cornwall. This was important since such rights, if proved, would usually remain valid even though fealty was transferred from Saxon kings or thanes to the Norman crown. More puzzling still was why the monks appear to have 'corrupted' a second charter.

In the 12th century, long after the Norman Conquest, they again sought to prove their inalienable rights to ancient gifts of land on or around St Michael's Mount. alleged gifts of land to Mont-Saint-Michel by Robert de Mortain (half brother of William the Conqueror who acquired 248 manors in Cornwall, probably after 1072).

It seems that the monks may have added text to a copy of a genuine charter in order to assert their rights to small and apparently obscure possessions which were being challenged by Robert's heirs (probably William de Mortain). The disputed lands were at Truthwall and Ludgvan which were rich in tin (remaining so until the 19th century).
 

Doppleganger

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2 chronicles 2:11-14
Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, Because the LORD hath loved his people, he hath made thee king over them.
Huram said moreover, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, that made heaven and earth, who hath given to David the king a wise son, endued with prudence and understanding, that might build an house for the LORD, and an house for his kingdom.
And now I have sent a cunning man, endued with understanding, of Huram my father's,
The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father.

[Danaids - Pleiades - Neronids?]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia
Fernand Braudel remarked in The Perspective of the World that Phoenicia was an early example of a "world-economy" surrounded by empires. The high point of Phoenician culture and seapower is usually placed ca. 1200–800 BC.

During the early Iron Age, in around 1200 BC an unknown event occurred, historically associated with the appearance of the Sea Peoples from the north. They weakened and destroyed the Egyptians and the Hittites respectively. In the resulting power vacuum, a number of Phoenician cities rose as significant maritime powers.

The collection of city-states constituting Phoenicia came to be characterized by outsiders and the Phoenicians as Sidonia or Tyria. Phoenicians and Canaanites alike were called Zidonians or Tyrians, as one Phoenician city came to prominence after another.

SpencerWells of the Genographic Project has conducted genetic studies that demonstrate that male populations of Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Malta, Spain, and other areas settled by Phoenicians, share a common m89 chromosome Y type. Male populations in areas associated with Minoan or with the Sea People settlement have completely different genetic markers. This implies that Minoans and Sea Peoples probably did not have ancestral relation with the Phoenicians.

In 2004, two geneticists educated at Harvard University and leading scientists of the National Geographic Genographic Project, Dr. Pierre Zalloua and Dr. Spencer Wells, identified "the haplogroup of the Phoenicians" as haplogroup J2, with avenues open for future research. The male populations of Tunisia and Malta were also included in this study. They were shown to share "overwhelming" genetic similarities with the Lebanese. In 2008, scientists from the Genographic Project announced that "as many as 1 in 17 men living today on the coasts of North Africa and southern Europe may have a Phoenician direct male-line ancestor."

[What region associated with Sea Peoples ?!? So 16 of these 17 people weren't from Lebanon originally ? Big Deal!]

http://phoenicia.org/britmines.html

http://en.wikipedia...._of_Carthage%29
According to Justin (18.4–6), a king of Tyre whom Justin does not name, made his very beautiful daughter Elissa and son Pygmalion his joint heirs. But on his death the people took Pygmalion alone as their ruler though Pygmalion was yet still a boy. Elissa married Acerbas her uncle who as priest of Hercules— that is, Melqart— was second in power to King Pygmalion.

Eventually Elissa and her followers arrived on the coast of North Africa where Elissa asked the local inhabitants for a small bit of land for a temporary refuge until she could continue her journeying, only as much land as could be encompassed by an oxhide. They agreed. Elissa cut the oxhide into fine strips so that she had enough to encircle an entire nearby hill, which was therefore afterwards named Byrsa "hide". (This event is commemorated in modern mathematics: The "isoperimetric problem" of enclosing the maximum area within a fixed boundary is often called the "Dido Problem" in modern Calculus of variations.) That would become their new home. Many of the locals joined the settlement and both locals and envoys from the nearby Phoenician city of Utica urged the building of a city.

Virgil names Dido's father as Belus, this Belus sometimes being called Belus II by later commentators to distinguish him from Belus son of Poseidon and Libya in earlier Greek mythology. If the story of Elissa/Dido has a factual basis and is synchronized properly with history then this Belus stands for Mattan I who was father of the historical Pygmalion. Virgil (1.746f) adds that the marriage between Dido/Elissa and Sychaeus, as Virgil calls Dido's husband, occurred while her father was still alive, that Pygmalion slew Sychaeus secretly and that Sychaeus appeared in a dream to Dido in which he told the truth about his death, urged her to flee the country, and revealed to her where his gold was buried. None of these details contradict Justin's epitome. Indeed they clarify it and are likely enough to have been part of the tale Justin was abridging.

The Nora Stone, found on Sardinia, has been interpreted by Frank Moore Cross as naming Pygmalion as the king of the general who was using the stone to record his victory over the local populace. On paleographic grounds, the stone is dated to the ninth century BC. (Cross’s translation, with a longer discussion of the Nora stone, is found in the Pygmalion article.) If Cross’s interpretation is correct, this presents inscriptional evidence substantiating the existence of a 9th-century-BC king of Tyre named (in Greek) Pygmalion.

Another possible reference to Balazeros is found in the Aeneid. It was a common ancient practice of using the hypocoristicon or shortened form of the name that included only the divine element, so that the “Belus” that Virgil names as the father of Dido in the Aeneid may be a reference to her grandfather, Baal-Eser II/Balazeros. [Baleric Islands?]

Even more important than the inscriptional and literary references supporting the historicity of Pygmalion and Dido are chronological considerations that give something of a mathematical demonstration of the veracity of the major feature of the Pygmalion/Dido saga, namely the flight of Dido from Tyre in Pygmalion’s seventh year, and her eventual founding of the city of Carthage.

The Barcids, the family to which Hannibal belonged, claimed descent from a younger brother of Dido according to Silius Italicus in his Punica (1.71–7).

http://en.wikipedia....gmalion_of_Tyre
J. Liver, {“The Chronology of Tyre at the Beginning of the First Milennium B.C.” Israel Exploration Journal 3 (1953) 119-120} advanced a second reason to favor the 825 date, related to the inscription of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria, mentioned above, where it was mentioned that philological studies have equated this Ba’li-manzer with Balazeros (Baal-Eser II), grandfather of Pygmalion. The best texts of Menander/Josephus give six years for Balazeros, followed by nine years for his son and successor Mattenos (Mattan I), making 22 years between the start of Balazeros’s reign and the seventh year of Pygmalion. If these 22 years are measured back from 814 BC, they fall short of the 841 date required for Balazeros’s tribute to Shalmaneser. With the 825 date, however, Balazeros’s last year would be approximately 841 BC, the time of the tribute to Shalmaneser.

These two agreements, one with an Assyrian inscription and the other with a Biblical datum, have proved quite convincing to scholars such as J. M. Peñuela, F. M. Cross., and William H. Barnes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcid
Hasdrubal the Fair (?-221 BC), Hamilcar's son-in-law, who followed the latter in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent career of conquest in Hispania. After Hamilcar's death (228 BC), Hasdrubal succeeded him in the command and extended the newly acquired empire by skilful diplomacy. He consolidated it with the foundation of Carthago Nova, establishing it as the capital of the new province. By a treaty with Rome he fixed the Ebro as the boundary between the two powers. He was killed by a Celtic assassin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage
According to Polybius, Carthage relied heavily, though not exclusively, on foreign mercenaries, especially in overseas warfare. The core of its army was from its own territory in north Africa (ethnic Libyans and Numidians, as well as "Liby-Phoenicians" — i.e. Phoenicians proper). These troops were supported by mercenaries from different ethnic groups and geographic locations across the Mediterranean who fought in their own national units; Celtic, Balearic, and Iberian troops were especially common. Later, after the Barcid conquest of Iberia, Iberians came to form an even greater part of the Carthaginian forces.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic
In archaeological and linguistic usage Punic refers to a Hellenistic and later-era culture and dialect from Carthage that had developed into a distinct form from the Phoenician of the mother city of Tyre.

The Punics (from Latin pūnicus meaning Phoenician) were a group of western Semitic-speaking peoples from Carthage in North Africa who traced their origins to a group of Phoenician and Cypriot settlers, but also to North African Berbers. Punics were probably a mix of Berbers and Phoenicians in terms of culture and ancestry. Contrary to other Phoenicians, Punics had a landowning aristocracy. [hides-land]

http://en.wikipedia....f_Kings_of_Tyre
Agenor c. 1500 BC Son of Poseidon or of Belus.
[This probably relates the the Latin, French and Sea or Fisher Kings [Arvad, Arwad, Argives]]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melqart
In Greek, by interpretatio graeca Melqart was identified with Heracles and referred to as the Tyrian Herakles. Melqart was venerated in Phoenician and Punic cultures from Syria to Spain. The first occurrence of the name is in a ninth-century BCE stela inscription found in 1939 north of Aleppo in northern Syria, the "Ben-Hadad" inscription, erected by the son of the king of Arma,

http://www.watch.pair.com/dan.html
Dan-Jaan may indicate involvement in Pan-worship. [1017 B.C.]

Then they came to Gilead, and to the land of Tahtimhodshi; and they came to Danjaan, and about to Zidon... II Samuel 24:6
"Hebrew dan ya'an, 'Dan played a pipe', indicates that it was a suburb of Dan." [Tenney, Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary, p. 199]
Panias was called by the Jews "Dan" or "Mizvar Dan" (Fort of Dan). [Encyclopedia Judaica, "Banias", p. 162]
"... later the Greeks built a shrine to Pan, the god of nature, and called the place Paneas (the city of Pan)." [Thompson, p. 1734]
"The place had been named Panias, for it served as the favorite seat of Pan, a Greek fertility god." [Pfeiffer, p. 197]
"One of the main sources of the Jordan rises in the grotto of Pan..." [Herberman, Catholic Encyclopedia, "Caesarea Philippi," p. 135]
"...the Jordan river that weaves like a snake along the eastern border of the land of Israel is named after the ancient tribe of Dan. Jordan means 'the going down of the Dan.'" [Church, p. 124]

"Now, the question remains, how do we know the Spartans were the offspring of the tribe of Dan? ... Aside from the fact that the Spartans wore long hair as a symbol of their power (like Samson) there is a legend written about the son of Belus, king of the Spartans -- in which is given the story of one named 'Danaus,' who arrived in Greece with his daughters by ship. According to the legend, his daughters called themselves Danades. They introduced the cult of the mother goddess, which became the established religion of the Arcadians and developed over the years into the worship of Diana...The Spartans so loved their king that they called themselves Danaans -- long before they adopted the name of Spartans. Also in the legend is a record of the arrival of 'colonists from Palestine.' Please note, the man who headed the expedition was named Danaus. He may well have been of the tribe of Dan, and thus would have been the progenitor of the ancient Spartans." [Church, p. 120-21]

"In 4 B.C. this area became tetrarchy of Herod's son Philippus who refounded Paneas as Caesarea Philippi." [Freedman, "Ituraea", p. 583]
In 61 A.D. Caesarea Philippi was renamed Neronias. [Encyclopedia Judaica, "Banias", p. 162]

http://en.wikipedia....esarea_Philippi
http://en.wikipedia....iblical_city%29

http://en.wikipedia....iki/Hula_Valley
http://en.wikipedia....i/Golan_Heights
http://en.wikipedia...._of_the_Galilee
The Finger of the Galilee is a panhandle along the Hula Valley in northern Israel. It contains the towns Metula and Kiryat Shmona and the rivers of Dan and Banias.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banias
In the distant past, a giant spring gushed from a cave set in the limestone bedrock, to tumble down the valley and flow into the Hula marshes. Currently it is the source of the Nahal Hermon stream. Whereas the Jordan River previously rose from the malaria-infested Hula marshes, it now rises from this spring and two others at the base of Mount Hermon. The flow of the spring has decreased greatly in modern times. The water no longer gushes forth from the cave, but only seeps from the bedrock below it.

While Banias does not appear in the Old Testament, Philostorgius, Theodoret, Benjamin of Tudela and Samuel ben Samson all incorrectly identified it with Laish (Tel el-Qadi renamed as Tel Dan). Eusebius of Caesarea accurately places Dan/Laish in the vicinity of Paneas at the fourth mile on the route to Tyre. Eusebius's identification was confirmed by E Robinson in 1838 and subsequently by archaeological excavations at Tel-Dan and Caesarea Philippi.

http://www.bibleplaces.com/banias.htm
Caesarea Philippi was also known as Baal-gad, Banias, Baniyas, Banyas, Barias, Belinas, Caesarea Neronias, Caesarea of Philip, Caesarea Paneas, Caesarea Panias, Caesareia Sebaste, Keisarion, Kisrin, Medinat Dan, Mivzar Dan, Neronias, Pamias, Paneas, Paneias, Paneion, Panias, Panium

http://www.watch.pair.com/dan.html [Beli Mawr - like]
"In Greek myth...[is] the legend of King Belaus, one Danaus, who arrives in Greece with his daughters, by ship. His daughters are said to have introduced the cult of the mother goddess, which became the established cult of the Arcadians. According to Robert Graves the Danaus myth records the arrival in the Peleponnesus of 'colonists from Palestine.' Graves states that King Belus is in fact Baal, or Bel -- or perhaps Belial from the Old Testament." [Baigent, Holy Blood, p. 275]

"At that particular time Arcadia was ruled by Spartans... The Spartans placed a special magical significance on their long hair ...associated with their great strength. There appears to have been a relationship between the Spartans and the Jews. In the Apocryphal we read: 'It has been found in writing concerning the Spartans and the Jews that they are brethren and are of the family of Abraham.' (Maccabees I 12:21)" [Van Buren, p. 45]

Judges 13:1
And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.
And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah;

Judges 13:25
And the Spirit of the LORD began to move him at times in the camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.

http://bible.cc/judges/16-31.htm
[Very possibly Tyrian Hercules, Perseus, a Danaan, a Dorite, man of the Sun]

http://www.magnumarc.../Iierakles.html
IIERAKLES (`Hprua4s) is mentioned in 2 Mac cab. iv. 1 9, as the Tyrian god to whom the Jewish high-priest Jason sent a religious embassy, with the offering of 3oo drachmx of silver. That this Tyrian Hercules (Herod. ii. 44) is the same as the Tyrian Baal, is evident from a bilingual Phceni cian inscription found at Malta (described by Ge senius, AIonunt. Ling. Phan. i. 96), in which the Phcenician words, To our Lord, to Melkarth, the Baal of Tyre.'

The worship of Baal, which prevailed in the time of the Judges, was put down by Samuel (I Sam. vii. 4), and the effects of that suppression appear to have lasted through the next few centuries, as Baal is not enumerated among the idols of Solomon. (1 Kings xi. 5-8 ; 2 Kings xxiii. 13)

http://en.wikipedia....8high_priest%29
Jason became high priest in 175 BCE after the accession of Antiochus Epiphanes to the throne of the Seleucid Empire. In 168 BCE Jason made a failed attempt to regain control of Jerusalem. Fleeing again to Ammon, he then continued to Egypt, then finally to Sparta, where he died and was buried

Herodotus
http://books.google....N4i&output=text
Mardonius began with the prince of Sidon, and from him went to the rest; and they were all of opinion that a battle should be fought; but Artemisia thus delivered her sentiments : " Mardonius, deliver this my opinion to the king, whose exertions in the battle of Euboea were neither the meanest nor the least;

of Tyre. It has been conjectured by many learned men, | that this could have been no other than the Israelitish Samson. That this is very probable, the reader may perhaps be Inclined to think from these among other reasons:

With the story of Samson the Tyrians might easily become acquainted at Joppa, a seaport belonging to the tribe of Dan; but more especially from those Danites who removed to Laish, in the neighbourhood of Tyre, and who, as Ezekiel informs us, had great commerce with the Tyrians. These Danites came from Zorah and Eshtaol, where Samson was born and lived, and would not fail of promulgating and magnifying the exploits of their own hero. I am aware how rash it is to pronounce a sameness of person from a likeness of certain corresponding circumstances in the actions of men, but there are certain particulars so striking, first in the account given of this Tyrian Hercules by Herodotus, and secondly, in the ritual prescribed for his worship, that where we can prove nothing by more solid argument, conjectures so founded may be permitted to have some weight The story of Samson will account for the two pillars Bet up in the temple of Hercules, if we consider them as placed there in commemoration of the greatest of Samson's exploits. The various circumstances which Herodotus makes peculiar to the Tyrian Hercules, however disguised, are all reducible and relative to this last action of Samson. 1. Hercules, being apprehended by the Egyptians, was led in procession as a sacrifice to Jupiter; and the Philistines proclaimed a feast to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god, and to rejoice, because Samson was delivered into their hands. 2. Whilst Hercules stood at the altar, he remained quiet for a season; and Bo did Samson when his strength was departed from him. 3. But in a short time Hercules returned to his strength, and slew all the Egyptians.—Concerning the ritual used in the worship of the Tyrian Hercules, Bochart remarks there were many things in it not practised elsewhere. Let the reader judge from what follows whether they do not seem borrowed from the Levitical Law, or grounded on what the Scripture relates of Samson. The total disuse of images, the prohibition of swine in sacrifice, the habit of the priest, the embroidered stole, &c, and naked feet, the strict chastity exacted of him, the fire ever-burning on the altar, are all of them precepts which Moses delivered. Why may we not add that the exclusion of women from the temple, and the shaven head of the priests, were intended to brand the treacherous behaviour of Delilah, and to commemorate the loss of Samson's locks ? Appian, Arrian, and Diodorns Siculus, acknowledge these to have been Phenician rites, and different from any observed among the GreekB ; and it is well known that this singularity was a principal point intended by the ritual of Moses—T.

The Cassiterides: an inquiry into the commercial operations of the ... By George Smith
http://books.google....A-J&output=text

If we look into the Pantheon of Tyre, we find their principal deity called Hercules. But abundant evidence proves that the accounts given of this deity were altogether different from those current of the Grecian Hercules;

The noble exploits in navigation and discovery which were necessary to lay open the western world, are so similar to the fabulous account of the tenth labour of the Grecian Hercules, that we are irresistibly brought to the conclusion, that the daring and successful prowess of the great Tyrian led to the conception of the elaborate legends which, in this portion of his toils, adorn the character of the son of Jupiter.

http://en.wikipedia....ki/Cassiterides
Herodotus (430 BC) had only dimly heard of the Cassiterides, "from which we are said to have our tin," but did not discount the islands as legendary. Later writers — Posidonius, Diodorus Siculus, Strabo and others — call them smallish islands off ("some way off," Strabo says) the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula, which contained tin mines or, according to Strabo, tin and lead mines.

http://www.touregypt...s/seapeople.htm
Medinet Habu Inscription
Various scholars have tried to place these people with recognizable regions. We are told by ancient text that they came from Ahhiyawa. However, we are told that the Sea People included:
* The Peleset, who were non other than the Philistines that gave their name to Palestine.
* The Lukka who may have come from the Lycian region of Anatolia.
* The Ekwesh and Denen who seem to be identified with the Homeric Achaean and Danaean Greeks
* The Sherden who may be associated with Sardinia.
* The Teresh (Tursha or Tyrshenoi - possibly the Tyrrhenians), the Greek name for the Etruscans; or from the western Anatolian Taruisa
* Shekelesh (Shekresh, Sikeloi - Sicilians?)
[Notice the Hathor-like headress]

http://www.phoenicia...sea_peoples.htm
Sarepta (modern Sarafand) between Tyre and Sidon was similarly the subject of detailed archaeological study. Glenn Markoe described the results as showing no destruction and having great continuity in the strata. This likewise was quite conclusive.

The most northern Phoenician city was on the island of Arwad, also known as Arvad and Arados. It had been taken from the Phoenicians prior to the coming of the Sea Peoples and was being held by the Hittites. This city was in fact destroyed by the Sea Peoples—and after their incursion it was returned to the Phoenicians. Rather than disproving the current assertion, this remarkable treatment of Arwad adds to the view that the Phoenicians were accorded a special status by the invading peoples.

Based upon the sum of this evidence, we can only conclude that observations of the Phoenician cites being undamaged during this time, and having been accorded a special status by the invaders, have been verified. That there was a relationship or partnership of some nature between the Sea Peoples and the Phoenicians is clearly in evidence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeker
The Tjekker or Tjeker were one of the Sea Peoples and are known mainly from the Story of Wenamun. The name tkr/skl has been transliterated variously as Tjekru, Tjekker, skl, Sikil, Djekker, etc. and they are thought to be the people who developed the port of Dor during the 12th century BCE from a small Bronze Age town to a large city.

The Tjeker are one of the few of the Sea Peoples for whom a ruler's name is recorded - in the 11th-century papyrus account of Wenamun, an Egyptian priest, the ruler of Dor is given as "Beder". After two intermediate occupations, the earlier of which has yielded imported Cypriote ceramics as well as Phoenician wares and is followed by a well-stratified and important Phoenician presence in the early 10th century the site of Dor fell to the Israelites under David.

Danya / Dannuna / Denyen
http://www.historyfi...aSeaPeoples.htm
The Danya are mentioned in passing in the Armana letters from Egypt, in reference to the death of their king. The next time they appeared they were part of the combined force of Libyans and Sea Peoples which attacked Egypt in 1208 BC (as well as later). Once defeated and captured, they were subsequently settled along the coast of Palestine to help guard Egypt's 'way of the Philistines' between Egypt and Syria. They may be related to the Greek Danoi (another name for Homer's Achaeans in Mycenae), as well as to fairly recent settlers in Kizzuwatna, the Denyen. Those who are settled in Palestine are generally believed by scholars to be the Israelite tribe of Dan, which people are supposed to have settled with their ships in between Ekron and Joppa. The alternative is that they were forced inland by the newly arrived Philistines, which would explain their lack of any Israelite land to their name.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denyen
The Denyen have been identified with the people of Adana, in Cilicia who existed in late Hittite Empire times. They are also believed to have settled in Cyprus. A Hittite report speaks of a Muksus, who also appears in an eighth-century bilingual inscription from Karatepe in Cilicia, which traces the kings of Adana from the "house of Mopsos" [Moses], given in hieroglyphic Luwian as Moxos and in Phoenician as Mopsos, in the form mps. Greek myth refers to Danaos who with his daughters came from Egypt and settled in Argos. Through Danaë's son, Perseus, the Danaans are said to have built Mycenae.

A minority view [sic] first suggested by Yigael Yadin attempted to connect the Denyen with the Tribe of Dan, described as remaining on their ships in the early Song of Deborah, contrary to the mainstream view of Israelite history. It was speculated that the Denyen had been taken to Egypt, and subsequently settled between the Caphtorite Philistines and the Tjekker, along the Mediterranean coast with the tribe of Dan subsequently deriving from them.

[Tell me who befiited from these incursions?]
[These Sea Peoples, Danaans, Acheans, Phoenicians, Israel, etc ...]

[and who didn't benefit?]
[Ugarit, Troy, the Hittites and in the long run Egyptian Powers began to decline, while the Grecian Penisula entered a Dark Age]
 

Doppleganger

New Member
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http://www.christianityboard.com/topic/14086-wheres-judahs-royal-sceptre-today/
http://www.shee-eire.com/magic&mythology/myths/Dinnshenchas/Temhair%28Tara%29/Page1.htm

1 Chronicles 2:4-6
And Tamar [Very Possibly the Real Tea Tephi] his daughter in law bare him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five. (Gen. 38:18)
The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul. (Ruth 4:18)
And the sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: five of them in all.

Most direct line to Brutus and Nordic Line of Tror
Darda
Erichthonius
Troas
Illus Asaracus
Laomedon Capys
Priam Aghenion Priams Daughter
Aenaus Memnon
Ascanius [Iulus-Julius] Tror
Silvius
Brutus [The Most beloved of the Romans, Conqueror of Spain, left for Britain]

1194–1184 BC Traditional Date of the Trojan War

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanus
In Greek mythology, Dardanus (English translation: "burned up", from the verb (dardapto) to wear, to slay, to burn up) was a son of Zeus and Electra, daughter of Atlas, and founder of the city of Dardania on Mount Ida in the Troad.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1.61–62) states that Dardanus' original home was in Arcadia where Dardanus and his elder brother Iasus (elsewhere more commonly called Iasion) reigned as kings following Atlas.

All accounts agree that Dardanus came to the Troad from Samothrace and was there welcomed by King Teucer and that Dardanus married Batea the daughter of Teucer. There Dardanus founded the city of Dardania which became the capital of his kingdom.

Dardanus' children by Batea [the daughter of Teucer] were Ilus, Erichthonius, Idaea and Zacynthus. Ilus died before his father which Idaea married Phineas, an early Thracian king.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erichthonius_of_Dardania
The mythical King Erichthonius of Dardania was the son of Dardanus or Darda, King of Dardania, and Batea. He is said to have enjoyed a peaceful and prosperous reign.

Erichthonios begat Tros, king of the Trojans,and Tros had three noble sons, Ilos, Assarakos, and Ganymede. Erichthonius reigned for forty six or, according to others, sixty five years and was succeeded by his son Tros.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tros_%28mythology%29
In Greek mythology, Tros was a ruler of Troy and the son of Erichthonius by Astyoche (daughter of the river god Simoeis) or of Ilus I, from whom he inherited the throne. Tros was the father of three sons: Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymedes, and of a daughter Cleopatra. It was from Tros that the Dardanians were called Trojans and the land named the Troad.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilus
Ilus (Ilos in Greek) is in Greek mythology the founder of the city called Ilion (Latinized as Ilium) to which he gave his name. When the latter became the chief city of the Trojan people it was also often called Troy, the name by which it is best known today.

Ilus was son and heir to Tros of Dardania and brother of Assaracus and Ganymede. Ilus was father of Laomedon who succeeded him. Another daughter of Ilus, Themiste (or Themis) married Capys.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laomedon
In Greek mythology, Laomedon was a Trojan king, son of Ilus, brother of Ganymede and Assaracus, and father of Priam, plus at least 10 other children.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capys
In Greek mythology, Capys was a son of Assaracus and Hieromneme (daughter of Simois), and father of Anchises (by his wife Themiste, sister of Laomedon and daughter of Ilus and Eurydice) and so grandfather of Aeneas. He, or a different Capys, founded the city of Capua.

According to Roman sources, in the Etruscan language the word "capys" meant 'hawk' or 'falcon' (or possibly 'eagle' or 'vulture'). [Raven? or Gossamer Wings]

Capys is a genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capys_%28butterfly%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidae
The Lycaenidae are the second-largest family of butterflies, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 40% of the known butterfly species.

http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question9753.html
1 : a film of cobwebs floating in air in calm clear weather
2 : something light, delicate, or insubstantial
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gossamer

"The family is known as the Gossamer-Winged butterflies because their wings, like the fabric, generally appear delicate and shimmery. Their wings are covered both by pigmented scales and by light-refracting scales."
http://imnh.isu.edu/DIGITALATLAS/bio/insects/butrfly/famlyc/famlyc.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchises
In Greek mythology, Anchises was the son of Capys and Themiste (daughter of Ilus, son of Tros). His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite (and in Roman mythology, the lover of Venus). One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him for nearly two weeks of lovemaking. Anchises learned that his lover was a goddess only nine months later, when she revealed herself and presented him with the infant Aeneas. Anchises was a prince from Dardania, a territory neighbouring Troy.

After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War, the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas, accompanied by Aeneas' wife Creusa, who died in the escape attempt, and small son Ascanius. Achish – a royal name or title in the Bible, perhaps a cognate of Anchises.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achish
Achish is a name used in the Hebrew Bible for two Philistine rulers of Gath. It most probably is related to Greek "Achaeos" - meaning something the "the Achaean", perhaps hinting to the Greek connection of the Philistines, and is perhaps only a general title of royalty, applicable to the Philistine kings. The two kings of Gath, which is identified by most scholars as Tell es-Safi, are:

* The monarch with whom David sought refuge when he fled from Saul (1 Sam. 21:10-15). He is called Abimelech (meaning "father of the king").
* Another king of Gath, probably grandson of the foregoing, to whom the two servants of Shimei fled.

In the 7th century BC royal inscription from Tel Miqne-Ekron the name Achish appears, along with four other names of the local kings of Ekron. A similar name (IKAUSU) appears as a king of Ekron in 7th century BC Assyrian inscriptions. This apparently refers to the same king of Ekron.

This appears to indicate that either the name Achish was a common name for Philistine kings, used both at Gath and Ekron, or, as Naveh has suggested, that the editor of the biblical text used a known name of a Philistine king from the end of the Iron Age (Achish of Ekron) as the name of a king(s) of Gath in narratives relating to earlier periods.

Achish and Anchises
Achish seems to have a linguistic similarity with the name Anchises of ancient Greek mythology. Mount Ide, or Pselorites is located in Crete, and according to one theory the Philistines may originate from Crete.

Achish and Suwardata
In his book Pharaohs and Kings, D. Rohl suggests Achish may be an abbreviation of Akishimige, a Hurrian name meaning "Gift of the Sun God," equivalent to the name Suwardata in the Amarna Letters.


c. 1200 BC-Ammurapi King of Ugarit Contemporary of Chancellor Bay of Egypt. Ugarit is destroyed. A cuneiform tablet found in 1986 shows that Ugarit was destroyed after the death of Merneptah (1203 BC). It is generally agreed that Ugarit had already been destroyed by the 8th year of Ramesses III (1178 BC). Whether Ugarit was destroyed before or after Hattusa, the Hittite capital, is debated. The destruction is followed by a settlement hiatus. Many other Mediterranean cultures were deeply disordered just at the same time, apparently by invasions of the mysterious "Sea Peoples."

c. 1200 BC-Hazor shows signs of catastrophic fire, and cuneiform tablets found at the site refer to monarchs named Ibni Addi, where Ibni may be the etymological origin of Yavin (Jabin). The city also show signs of having been a magnificent Canaanite city prior to its destruction, with great temples and opulent palaces, split into an upper acropolis, and lower city; the town evidently had been a major Canaanite city. According to the Book of Judges Hazor was the seat of Jabin, the king of Canaan, whose commander, Sisera, led a Canaanite army against Barak [and Deborah]. During the Egyptian Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdoms (together running between 18th century BC and 13th century BC), Canaan was an Egyptian vassal state; thus 14th century documents, from the El Amarna archive in Egypt, describe the king of Hazor (in Amarna letters called Hasura); specifically report[ing] that Hasura's king has gone over to the Habiru who were invading Canaan. In these documents, Hazor is described as an important city in Canaan. Hazor is also mentioned in the Execration texts, that pre-date the Amarna letters, and in 18th century BCE documents found in Mari on the Euphrates River. Some archaeologists suspect the reason for the destruction of Hazor could be civil strife, attacks by the Sea Peoples, and/or a result of the general collapse of civilisation across the whole eastern Mediterranean in the Late Bronze Age.

b. 1200 BC_New Bible Dictionary: "The successive levels of human occupation discerned by archaeologists in the town mounds (tells) of ancient Palestine often contain datable objects which link a series of such levels to corresponding dates in Egyptian history down to the 12th century BC. Thereafter, the changes of occupation can sometimes be linked directly with Israelite history, as at Samaria, Hazor and Lachish. Israelite dates can be fixed within a margin of error of about ten years in Solomon's day, narrowing to almost nil by the time of the fall of Jerusalem in 587 BC. The margins of error alluded to arise from slight differences in names or figures in parallel king-lists, actual breakage in such lists, reigns of yet unknown duration and the limitations of certain astronomical data. They can be eliminated only by future discovery of more detailed data."

x. 1200 BC_1196-19th Dynasty Amenmesse (Menmire-Setepenre) Thebes-KV10 apparently usurped the throne from Merneptah's son and successor, Seti II, but he ruled Egypt for only 4 years.
c. 1200 BC—The Cimmerians start settling the steppes of southern Russia? (Undocumented conjecture). [Note: alot of migratory]
x. 1200 BC—Collapse of Hittite power in Anatolia with the destruction of their capital Hattusa.
c. 1200 BC—Start of Iron Age in Middle East
c. 1200 BC—Chariots appear in Ancient China.
c. 1200 BC—Earliest writing that survived exists in Ancient China.
c. 1200 BC—Aramaic Nomads and Chaldeans become a big threat to the former Babylonian and Assyrian Empire.
c. 1200 BC—Massive migrations of people around the Mediterranean and the Middle-East. See Sea People for more information.
c. 1200 BC-Olmec culture starts in Mesoamerica.
c. 1200 BC-San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán starts to flourish.
c. 1200 BC-Chinese Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions finds.

c. 1200 BC_1000- The Iron Age in the Levant begins, iron tools came into use. It is also known as the Israelite period. This period marks the weakening of regional empires and the strengthening of local powers such as the Kingdom of Israel (in Samaria), Kingdom of Judah, [Phoenicia, Damascus, Trans-Jordanes] and the Philistine city-states.

k. 1200 BC_1100-An ancient well that functioned as a telescope was found at Garlo village, Bulgaria. The device and its function as a welled telescope is analogical to contemporary reflector telescopes used for scientific purposes in observation of the stars (Hubble). The observed object (star or constellation) could be seen through the sky opening in the upper part of the chamber. On the bottom of the chamber just bellow the sky opening there used to a parabolic metal mirror made from copper, silver and or gold. It is possible that the mirror was submerged in water, while the observed object in the sky was reflected. The astronomer then performed his scientific calculations on the radial platform, and through his observation could predict the location and movement of celestial objects throughout the year. Similar wells we can find also in; Keos Island, Greece: The Greek colony of Pantikapei? probably Kerch, Crimea: Tunis: and throughout Sardinia which has approximately 100 wells.

x. 1197 BC—The beginning of first period (1197 BC–982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the I Ching and history.

x. 1196 BC- Seti regained power and destroyed most of Amenmesse's monuments. Seti was served at Court by Chancellor Bay, who was originally just a 'royal scribe' but quickly became one of the most powerful men in Egypt gaining the unprecedented privilege of constructing his own tomb in the Valley of the Kings (KV17). Both Bay and Seti's chief wife Twosret reportedly had a sinister reputation in Ancient Egyptian folklore.

x. 1195 BC_1189-19th Dynasty Siptah (Sekhaenre/Akheperre) 1189 - 1187 Thebes-KV47
x. 1194 BC—The beginning of the legendary Trojan War.
b. 1194 BC-Gideon becomes judge
b. 1193 BC-Israel had rest for 40 years, Deborah dies, again the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord. So He delivered them into the hand of Midian for 7 years. [Jud 5:31; 6:1]

x. 1192 BC—Wu Ding king of Shang Dynasty died.
x. 1191 BC—Menestheus, Athens, dies in the Trojan War after a reign of 23 years, succeeded by Demophon, a son of Theseus. (see 1181 BC)

x. 1189 BC_1187-19th Dynasty Queen Twosret (Sitre-MerenamunThebes) KV14 After Siptah's death Twosret ruled Egypt for two more years, but she proved unable to maintain her hold on power amid the conspiracies and powerplays being hatched at the royal court. She was likely ousted in a revolt led by Setnakhte, founder of the Twentieth Dynasty.

x. 1187 BC_1064-Many of the pharaohs of the 20th Dynasty were buried in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes (designated KV). Pharaoh Setnakhte was likely already middle aged when he took the throne after Queen Twosret. He only ruled for a short time when he was succeeded by his son Ramesses III. The period of these rulers is notable for the beginning of the systematic robbing of the Royal Tombs. Many surviving administrative documents from this period are records of investigations and punishment for these crimes, especially in the reigns of Ramses IX and Ramses XI. As happened under the earlier Nineteenth Dynasty, this group struggled under the effects of the bickering between the heirs of Ramesses III.

x. 1187 BC_1185 -20th Dynasty Setnakhte Userkhaure BC Thebes-KV14 Tiy-merenese.
x. 1186 BC—End of the Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt, start of the Twentieth Dynasty.
b. 1186 BC-Israel was greatly impoverished because of the Midianites, and the children of Israel cried out to the Lord. the Lord sent Gideon and he defeated the Midianites with 300 men.

x. 1185 BC_1153--20th Dynasty Ramesses III Thebes KV11 (consort [Iset Ta-Hemdjert] Tiye) Egypt was threatened by the Sea Peoples during this time period, but Ramesses III was able to defeat this confederacy from the Near East [NE??] The king is also known for a harem conspiracy in which Queen Tiye attempted to assassinate the king and put her son Pentawere on the throne. The coup was not successful in the end. The king may have died from the attempt on his life, but it was his legitimate heir Ramesses IV who succeeded him to the throne. After this a succession of kings named Ramesses take the throne, but none would truly achieve greatness.

x. 1184 BC-April 24, Traditional date of the fall of Troy.
x. 1182 BC-a desperate letter of Ammurapi, the last king of Ugarit, Peoples of the Sea destroy both Ugarit and Alasiya (Cyprus).
x. 1181 BC—Menestheus, legendary king of Athen's in the Trojan War is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. (see 1191 BC).
c. 1180 BC—Invaders razed Hattusa causing the collapse of the Hittite Empire
x. 1180 BC—1178 Collapse of the Hittite Empire. Their capital, Hattusa, falls around or slightly after 1180 BC.

Early Iron Age 1179-936 (243) [Dates moderately taper down from High to Low Chronologies varying just a few years at the end]

x. 1178 BC-April 16, A solar eclipse occurs. [Note: @6 years?] This may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom after the Trojan War. He discovers a number of suitors competing to marry his wife Penelope, whom they believe to be a widow, in order to succeed him on the throne. He organizes their slaying and re-establishes himself on the throne. The date is surmised from a passage in Homer's Odyssey, which reads, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world." This happens in the context of a new moon and at noon, both necessary preconditions for a full solar eclipse. In 2008, to investigate, Dr Marcelo O. Magnasco, an astronomer at Rockefeller University, and Constantino Baikouzis, of the Observatorio Astrónomico de La Plata in Argentina, looked for more clues. Within the text, they interpreted three definitive astronomical events: there was a new moon on the day of the slaughter (as required for a solar eclipse); Venus was visible and high in the sky six days before; and the constellations Pleiades and Boötes were both visible at sunset 29 days before. Since these events recur at different intervals, this particular sequence should be unique: the doctors found only one occurrence of this sequence while searching between 1250 and 1115 BC, the 135-year spread around the putative date for the fall of Troy. It coincided with the eclipse of April 16, 1178 BC.

x. 1178 BC-The Battle of Djahy (Canaan) between Ramesses III and the Sea Peoples.
a. 1178 BC-Egyptian decline in power of the New Kingdom and in the Levant during the Bronze Age collapse.
b. 1167 BC-Eli born
x. 1166 BC—The start of the Discordian calendar and within Discordianism the date of Curse of Greyface.
x. 1162 BC—The statue of Marduk is taken from Babylon by Elamite conquerors.
x. 1159 BC—The Hekla 3 eruption triggers an 18-year period of climatic worsening. (estimated date, disputed)
b. 1155 BC-Abimelech usurps power in Israel
x. 1154 BC—Death of King Menelaus of Sparta (estimated date).
x. 1154 BC—Suicide of exiled Queen Helen of Sparta at Rhodes. (estimated date).

x. 1153 BC_1123 Three different sons of Ramesses III are known to have assumed power as Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI and Ramesses VIII respectively. However, at this time Egypt was also increasingly beset by a series of droughts, below-normal flooding levels of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption – all of which would limit the managerial abilities of any king.

k. 1153 BC-Hieroglyphics of the tomb of Rameses III show evidence that iron was used is found, for example: blades of some of the weapons are painted blue while others are painted red, a distinction believed to be due to the fact that some were made of iron or steel and some of brass. After the discovery of iron, it was evidently a long time in replacing bronze. This was probably due to the difficulties in smelting it.

x. 1153 BC_1146-20th Dynasty Ramesses IV (User/Heqamaatre Setepenamun) Thebes-KV2
b. 1152 BC-Tola becomes judge
a. 1150 BC-Collapse of Canaanite cities, rapid settlement increase in hill country and Transjordan

x. 1147 BC—Demophon, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his son Oxyntes.
b. 1146 BC-Gideon who judged the sons of Israel for 40 dies. [Jud 8:29]

It looks to me like the Sea Peoples had build a very significant confederation of tribes ranging from the borders of Eoypt and the Philistines to
Dor in the south [Tribes under the Judges Gideon - Midian even harassing Egypts borders - The Mitanni or Hanigalbat became an Assyrian Province -
invading Phygians] to Phoenicia [as a Non-player?]. Egypt, Ugarit and the Hitties, the biggest known powers would be in a power struggle with each
other, while beset by external small kingdom woes. The Sea People Confederacy Probably stretched from the Black Sea [Since they weren't attacking
Troy and the Dardanellles are a stone's throw away] down to the coasts of Israel West to Libya north to Dodana, as well as west to the Straits of
Gibralter. It is more than likely that the Veneti East [Amber Traders] and the Veneti West [Beyond the Straits] profited from this. But It also
appears they had conflicts too.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amarnamap.png
http://www.worldhistorymaps.info/images/East-Hem_1300bc.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cultures,_1200_BC.PNG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneas,_Anchises,_and_Ascanius
http://sfs.scnu.edu.cn/hhzhang/webcourse1/kcln/1/3.htm
Aeneas and Anchises - Aeneas was the mythological prince of Troy and the hero of the Aeneid, the epic written by the Roman poet Virgil in the 1st century BC. This painting depicts Aeneas carrying his father, Anchises, on his back while fleeing from Troy. The painting by Lionello Spada (1576-1622) is in the Louvre museum in Paris, France.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneas
Aeneas had an extensive family tree. His wet-nurse was Caieta, and he is the father of Ascanius with Creusa, and of Silvius with Lavinia. The former, also known as Iulus (or Julius), founded Alba Longa and was the first in a long series of kings. According to the mythology outlined by Virgil in the Aeneid, Romulus and Remus were both descendants of Aeneas through their mother Rhea Silvia, making Aeneas progenitor of the Roman people. Some early sources call him their father or grandfather, but considering the commonly accepted dates of the fall of Troy (1184 BC) and the founding of Rome (753 BC), this seems unlikely. The Julian family of Rome, most notably Julius Cæsar and Augustus, traced their lineage to Ascanius and Aeneas, thus to the goddess Aphrodite. Through the Julians, the Palemonids make this claim. The legendary kings of Britain trace their family through a grandson of Aeneas, Brutus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creusa
Creusa was the wife of Aeneas and mother to Ascanius, also known as Iulus [Julius]. Aeneas leaves Anchises and Ascanius (Iulus) there to go back in search of Creusa. As he searches the city without success, he meets the ghost of Creusa, who tells him that she may not leave the city with him. She predicts his journey to Hesperia (Italy).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascanius
Ascanius is the son of the trojan hero Aeneas and a legendary king of Alba Longa. He is a character of Roman mythology, and has a divine lineage, being the son of Aeneas, who is son of Venus and the hero Anchises, a relative of Priam; thus Ascanius has divine ascendents by voth parents, being descendant of Jupiter, Juno and Dardanus. He is also the ancestral of Romulus, Remus and the Gens Julia (although this last claim is unviable, because Ascanius is mythological and the Gens Julia really existed).

According to Dionysius of Halicarnasus, Ascanius' original name was Euryleon and this name was changed to Ascanius after his flight from Troy. According to Virgil, Ascanius was also called Iulus or Julus. The Gens Julia, or the Julians, the clan to which Julius Caesar belonged, claimed to have been descended from Ascanius/Iulus, his father Aeneas, and, ultimately, the goddess Venus, the mother of Aeneas in myth, his father being the mortal Anchises. According to Dionysius of Halicarnasus, however, Julus was a son of Ascanius who disputed the succession of the kingdom of Alba Longa with Silvius, upon the death of Ascanius.

According to another legend mentioned by Livy, Ascanius may have been the son of Aeneas and Lavinia and thus born in Latium, not Troy. Ascanius later fought in the Italian Wars along with his father Aeneas.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvius_%28mythology%29
In Roman mythology, Silvius was either the son of Aeneas and Lavinia or the son of Ascanius. He succeeded Ascanius as King of Alba Longa.

The Brutus Line starts here ->
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brutus_of_Britain

The Historia Britonum states that "The island of Britain derives its name from Brutus, a Roman consul" who conquered Spain. A more detailed story, set before the foundation of Rome, follows, in which Brutus is the grandson or great grandson of Æneas.

Following Roman sources such as Livy and Virgil, the Historia tells how Æneas settled in Italy after the Trojan War, and how his son Ascanius founded Alba Longa, one of the precursors of Rome. Ascanius married, and his wife became pregnant. In a variant version, the father is Silvius, who is identified as either the second son of Æneas, previously mentioned in the Historia, or as the son of Ascanius. A magician, asked to predict the child's future, said it would be a boy and that he would be the bravest and most beloved in Italy. Enraged, Ascanius had the magician put to death. The mother died in childbirth.

The boy, named Brutus, later accidentally killed his father with an arrow and was banished from Italy. After wandering among the islands of the Tyrrhenian Sea and through Gaul, where he founded the city of Tours, Brutus eventually came to Britain, named it after himself, and filled it with his descendants. His reign is synchronised to the time the High Priest Eli was judge in Israel, and the Ark of the Covenant was taken by the Philistines.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugarit
Since an Egyptian sword bearing the name of pharaoh Merneptah was found in the destruction levels, 1190 BC was taken as the date for the beginning of the LH IIIC. A cuneiform tablet found in 1986 shows that Ugarit was destroyed after the death of Merneptah (1203 BC). It is generally agreed that Ugarit had already been destroyed by the 8th year of Ramesses III (1178 BC). Recent radiocarbon work indicates a destruction between 1192 and 1190 BC.

Whether Ugarit was destroyed before or after Hattusa, the Hittite capital, is debated. The destruction is followed by a settlement hiatus. Many other Mediterranean cultures were deeply disordered just at the same time, apparently by invasions of the mysterious "Sea Peoples."

There a whole lot of storyline here missing but ... The Bible is more true than ever!
 

Doppleganger

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http://en.wikipedia....ki/Davidic_line
Because of the godlessness of Jehoiachin in the early 500s BC Jeremiah cursed the main branch of the Solomonic line saying that no descendant of "Coniah" would ever again reign on the throne of Israel (Jer. 22:30) This curse is considered by some Jewish commentators as the reason why Zerubbabel, the rightful Solomonic king during the time of Nehemiah was not given a kingship under the Persian empire. Some Christian commentators also consider Jeremiah's curse the reason why the Solomonic genealogy in Matthew 1 must be the genealogy of Jesus' adopted father Joseph. The genealogy in Luke 3, traditionally that of Mary, is from Solomon's brother Nathan. [Princes]

Pharez
Ezrom
Aram
Aminadab

Nashon
Salmon

Boaz
Obed
Jesse
David

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab
Ammon were forbidden to marry into the Israelite nation, but the women were permitted to convert without restriction. That is why King David who descended from Ruth could be king and the mother of his grandson Rehoboam son of Solomon was from Ammon. This issue was covered in the Talmud and attributed to Doeg the Edomite.

The Moabites welcomed Egyptian protection provided by a chain of border fortresses that enabled Egypt to control the Sinai.

The story of Ruth, on the other hand, testifies to the existence of a friendly intercourse between Moab and Bethlehem, one of the towns of the tribe of Judah. By his descent from Ruth, David may be said to have had Moabite blood in his veins. He committed his parents to the protection of the king of Moab (who may have been his kinsman), when hard pressed by King Saul. (1 Samuel 22:3,4) But here all friendly relations stop forever. The next time the name is mentioned is in the account of David's war, who made the Moabites tributary. Moab may have been under the rule of an Israelite governor during this period; among the exiles who returned to Judea from Babylonia were a clan descended from Pahath-Moab, whose name means "ruler of Moab".
 

Doppleganger

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http://www.jewishenc...r=B&search=boaz
BOAZ. By : Morris Jastrow Jr. B. Eerdmans Marcus Jastrow Louis Ginzberg

—Biblical Data:

One of the relatives of Elimelech, husband of Naomi; a wealthy Judean, living at Bethlehem in Judah (Ruth ii. 1). He was one of the kinsmen of Ruth; as such he had the privilege of redeeming the family estate sold by Naomi after Elimelech's death. Therefore when Ruth appealed to his kinship, he redeemed the property (Ruth iii. 9, iv. 3). In consequence of this he had to marry Ruth, in order "to raise up the name of the dead" (Ruth iv. 5, 10). Their son Obed was, according to tradition, the grandfather of David (Ruth iv. 22).J. Jr. B. E.

His Conduct Approved.
—In Rabbinical Literature:

Boaz is identified by some rabbis with the judge Ibzan of Bethlehem (Judges xii. 8). It is further said that he lost all his sixty children during his lifetime because he did not invite Manoah, Samson's father, to any of the marriage festivities in his house. For, since Manoah was at that time without children, Boaz thought that he need not consider on such occasions a childless man who could not pay him back in kind (B. B. 91a). According to Josephus, "Ant." v. 9, § 1, Boaz lived at the time of Eli. [ABOUT THE TIME OF BRUTUS] Boaz was a just, pious, and learned judge, and the custom of using the Divine Name in greeting one's fellow-man (Ruth ii. 4) formulated by him and his bet din received the approval of even the heavenly bet din (Mak. 23b; Yer. Ber. ix. 14c; Ruth R. to ii. 4).

Read more: http://www.jewishenc...z#ixzz1SYABuaT0

http://www.jewishenc...er=E&search=eli
Eli High priest at Shiloh and judge over Israel (I Sam. i. 3, iv. 18, xiv. 3; I Kings ii. 27). He was a descendant of Aaron's fourth son Ithamar (Lev. x. 12), for it is stated that Abiathar (I Sam. xxii. 20; I Kings ii. 27) was of the line of Ithamar (I Chron. xxiv. 3), and Abiathar was the son of Ahimelek, the son of Ahitub (I Sam. xiv. 3), Eli's grandson. Eli held a twofold office: he was high priest at the central sanctuary of Shiloh, where the Ark of the Covenant was kept (ib. i. 3, 12; iii. 2), and he was a judge in Israel, as is expressly stated in ib. iv. 18.

Eli lived in a sad period of Israel's history. Shortly before, the armies of the Philistines, probably strengthened by reenforcements (Guthe, "Geschichte des Volkes Israel," 1899, p. 65), had begun to overrun the central districts from the south western border of Palestine (Josephus, "Ant." v. 8, § 1). Samson had arisen, "to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines" (Judges xiii. 5); but after his death the attacks were renewed, and Israel was obliged to take up arms (I Sam. iv. 1). In order to assure themselves of God's help the Israelites brought the Ark from Shiloh to the seat of the war, where it was carried by Eli's two sons. But God had not decreed victory to His people. They were first to be punished by disaster. Therefore the Israelitish army was defeated; Eli's two sons were killed, and the Ark was lost. When the messenger who brought the news of the battle told of the capture of the Ark Eli, who was ninety-eight years old, fell from his seat and died (ib. iv. 10-18).

Read more: http://www.jewishenc...i#ixzz1SYBzogMW
 

Doppleganger

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Judges 12:8-10
And after him Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel.
And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters, whom he sent abroad, and took in thirty daughters from abroad for his sons. And he judged Israel seven years.
Then died Ibzan, and was buried at Bethlehem.

078 'Ibtsan ib-tsawn' from the same as 076; ; n pr m
AV-Ibzan 2; 2
Ibzan, "their whiteness (literally their tin--as white"
1) a Bethlehemite judge in time of the judges

076 (by reduplication) from an unused root (meaning to belch forth); TWOT-217a; n f
AV-blains 2; 2
1) blisters, boils (from root, to swell up)

01162 zeb Bo`az bo'az from an unused root of uncertain meaning, Greek 1003 boov; ; n pr m
AV-Boaz 24; 24
Boaz =" fleetness"
1) ancestor of David, kinsman-redeemer to Ruth, daughter-in-law of Naomi
2) name of the left of two brazen pillars, 18 cubits high, erected in the porch of Solomon's temple

03199 Nyky Yakiyn yaw-keen' from 03559; n pr m
AV-Jachin 8; 8
Jachin =" He will establish"
1) the 4th son of Simeon and founder of the family of Jachinites
2) a priest and the head of the 21st course in the time of David
3) a post-exilic priest in the time of Nehemiah
4) name of the right-hand pillar before the temple

03559 Nwk kuwn koon
a primitive root; TWOT-964; v
AV-prepare 85, establish 58, ready 17, stablish 5, provide 5, right 5, fixed 4, set 4, direct 3, order 3, fashion 3, variant 2, certain 2, confirmed 2, firm 2, preparation 2, misc 17; 219

1 Chronicles 9:1-2
So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies; and, behold, they were written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, who were carried away to Babylon for their transgression. Now the first inhabitants that dwelt in their possessions in their cities were, the Israelites, the priests, Levites, and the Nethinims.

http://stonekingdom....ible_study.html
http://stonekingdom....rops_Danaus.pdf
DANAUS’ FLIGHT FROM EGYPT

[Note by James Bruggeman:] The following article gives historical evidence that ancient Greece was founded and populated in part by emigrants from Egypt, but who were in fact Israelites. The name “Cecrops” is another name for “Calchol,” or “Chalcol,” found twice in the Bible.

The Sidonians themselves, confirmed by the learned Persians, that the emigrants from the Sea Erythra [Red Sea] had acquired, either by force, favour, or purchase, the site and city once held by descendants of Canaan, and occupied it without changing its name. Or, we may conclude that perhaps the inhabitants of Sidon and Tyre were friendly to the Hebrews on account of consanguinity of race, and this is what is inferred in Amos 1:9.

So we may take it for granted that the inhabitants of both Tyre and Sidon were a kindred race to those Israelites who came into possession of Palestine in the time of Joshua; and yet we grant that many Canaanites dwelt amongst them, which to all appearances always worked harmoniously with their brother Israelites.

Diodorus Siculus i. 27, 46, 55, quotes from Hecatoeus of Abdera. "The worship of the Gods having been neglected on account of the foreigners in Egypt, the Egyptians were warned by a pestilence to drive away the pollution." The most distinguished of the expelled foreigners followed Danaus and Cadmus into Greece; but the greater number were led by Moses into Judaea. ...

In Aeschylus' Suppliants, Danaus and his daughters are represented as a seed divine, exiles from Egypt fleeing from the brother Egyptus since they feared an unholy alliance: they appear to have passed through Syria, and perhaps Sidon.

Petavius' History of the World says :—Danaus was the son of Bela a sojourner in Egypt; he fled from his brother Egyptus and came into Greece three years after the death of Joseph. Sir Walter Raleigh places the flight of Danaus 148 years before the exodus, and the death of Joseph 145 years before the exodus. This gives the flight of Danaus three years before the death of Joseph.

There seem to have been three migrations of Danai into Greece.
1st—cir. 1636. About the time of Joseph's death.
2nd— cir. 1456. Whilst Israel was in the Wilderness.
3rd—cir. 1296. When Jabin, King of Canaan, afflicted Israel.
Clinton (Fasti Hellenici) places the landing of Danaus in Greece, 1466 b.c. according to Eratosthenes; or 1410 b.c., if we regard Callimachis to be right.

The Egyptians were not likely to allow the Hebrews to leave them under every pretext, lest they should join their enemies, but contrariwise they would be glad of them remaining as a buffer state against the assaults of their enemies from the North-East. An opportunity presented itself about the time of Joseph's death.

If we turn to I Chron. vii. 20, 21, we find in the genealogy of Ephraim, Ezer and Elead invading the territories of the Philistines of Gath, the outcome of this inroad eventuated in these Ephraimites proceeding further into Palestine, and building Beth-horon, the nether and the upper, and Uzzen-sherah (verse 24), these towns being situated on the border of Ephraim and Benjamin, as afterwards allotted by Joshua (xvi.).

The building of two towns by Jacob's descendants, and also-Joseph's, before the era of the exodus, is attested to in the Records of the Past, Vol. V., New Series. Places Conquered in Palestine by Thothmes III., King of Egypt. No. 78, Joseph-el; No. 102, Jacob-el, as translated by Professor Tomkins.

This establishes the escape of a portion of Israelites some time prior to the exodus. There also seems to have been a colony of Jews in Moab (I Chron. iv. 21, 22). [Or someone named after Moab]

Latham (Ethnology of Europe, p. 157,) says:—"I think that the eponymus of the Argive Danai was no other than that of the Israelite Tribe of Dan, only we are so used to confine ourselves to the soil of Palestine in our consideration of the Israelites, that we treat them as, if they were adscripti gleba, and ignore the share they may have taken in the ordinary history of the world. The seaports of Tyre and Ascalon, of Dan, Ephraim, and Asher must have followed the history of seaports in general.

The story of Samson will account "for the two pillars "set up in the temple of Hercules ... [must be Similar to BOAZ & Jachin]
if we consider them as placed there in commemoration of the greatest of Samson's exploits. The various circumstances which Herodotus makes peculiar to the Tyrian Hercules, however disguised, are all reducible and relative to this last action of Samson.

1. Hercules, being apprehended by the Egyptians, was led in procession as a sacrifice to Jupiter; and the Philistines proclaimed a great feast to offer a sacrifice to Dagon their God, and to rejoice because Samson was delivered into their hands.

2. Whilst Hercules stood at the altar, he remained quiet for a season; and so did Samson when his strength was departed from him.
3. But in a short time Hercules returned to his strength, and slew all the Egyptians.

" Concerning the ritual used in the worship of the Tyrian Hercules, Bochart remarks there were many things in it not practised elsewhere. Let the reader judge from what follows whether they do not seem borrowed from the Levitical Law, or grounded on what the Scripture relates of Samson.

Appian, Arrian, Diodorus and Siculus acknowledge these to have be Phoenician rites, and different from any observed among the Greeks; and it is well known that this singularity was a principal point intended by the ritual of Moses."

On January 20th, 1855, an extraordinary sarcophagus was discovered at Sidon, with an inscription in Ancient Phoenician. Land and Book, p. 138. The portion of inscription freely translated runs thus

"In the month Bul, in the fourteenth of my reign, King Ashmunazer, the King of the Sidonians ... spake, saying I am snatched away before my time, like the flowing of a river, …. The heavenly powers have established me on the throne, and it is we who have built the temples to the gods of the Sidonians in Sidon by the sea ; the temple of Baal-Sidon, and the temple of Astarte, the glory of Baal, lord of Kings, who bestowed on us Dor and Joppa, and ample corn-lands which are at the root of Dan."

[Eritrea, the Red Sea and its trade and the mysterious land of Punt..]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea
http://en.wikipedia....tory_of_Eritrea
Eritrea is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt (or "Ta Netjeru", meaning "God's Land"), whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut.

Recent discoveries, in and around the area of Sembel, near the capital Asmara, show evidence of a society that predated Aksum. These permanent villages and towns predate those of southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia suggesting, according to Peter Schmidt, "...it is they, not sites in Arabia that were the vital precursors to urban developments...likewise students of evolution and distribution of languages now believe that Semitic and Cushitic languages are of African origin." By Daniel haile Kurkahh.

http://en.wikipedia....ki/Land_of_Punt
At times Punt is referred to as Ta netjer, the "land of the god".

There were more expeditions to Punt in the Sixth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Eighteenth dynasties of Egypt. In the Twelfth dynasty, trade with Punt was celebrated in popular literature in the "Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor."

The trade with Punt continued into the start of the 20th dynasty before terminating prior to the end of Egypt's New Kingdom. Papyrus Harris I, a contemporary Egyptian document which detailed events that occurred in the reign of the early 20th dynasty king Ramesses III, includes an explicit description of an Egyptian expedition's return from Punt: “They arrived safely at the desert-country of Coptos: they moored in peace, carrying the goods they had brought. They [the goods] were loaded, in travelling overland, upon asses and upon men, being reloaded into vessels at the harbour of Coptos. They [the goods and the Puntites] were sent forward downstream, arriving in festivity, bringing tribute into the royal presence.”

After the end of the New Kingdom period, Punt became "an unreal and fabulous land of myths and legends."

At times, the ancient Egyptians called Punt Ta netjer, meaning "God's Land". This referred to the fact that it was among the regions of the Sun God, that is, the regions located in the direction of the sunrise, to the East of Egypt. These eastern regions' resources included products used in temples, notably incense. The term was not only applied to Punt, located southeast of Egypt, but also to regions of Asia east and northeast of Egypt, such as Lebanon, which was the source of wood for temples. Older literature (and current non-mainstream literature) maintained that the label "God's Land", when interpreted as "Holy Land" or "Land of the gods/ancestors", meant that the ancient Egyptians viewed the Land of Punt as their ancestral homeland. Examples of such opinions may be found with Jon White, W. M. Flinders, and E.A. Wallis Budge.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea
The association of the Red Sea with the Biblical account of the Israelite Crossing the Red Sea is ancient, and was made explicit in the Septuagint translation of the Book of Exodus from Hebrew to Koine Greek in approximately the third century B.C. In that version, the Hebrew Yam Suph is translated as Erythra Thalassa (Red Sea). (See also the more recent suggestion that the Yam Suph of the Exodus refers to a Sea of Reeds).

http://en.wikipedia....Maris_Erythraei
Although Erythraean Sea literally means "Red Sea", to the Greeks it included the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf.

The Periplus describes numerous Greek buildings and fortifications in Barigaza, although mistakenly attributing them to Alexander the Great, who never went this far south. If true, this account would relate to the remains of the southern expansion of the Indo-Greeks into Gujarat ... The Periplus further testifies to the circulation of Indo-Greek coinage in the region.

http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/edwards/pharaohs/pharaohs-8.html
 

Doppleganger

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http://en.wikipedia....rolabe_Quadrant
The Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant is a medieval astrolabe believed to date from 1388, and which was found in an archeological dig at the House of Agnes in Canterbury, Kent, England in 2005.

The Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant is the only one of its kind definitely made in England. Astrolabes are calculation instruments that enable their users to tell the time and determine their geographical latitude using the position of the sun and stars.

http://www.ccel.org/...1_trans.htm#C14 [Description of use]

http://www.jewishenc...tid=15&letter=J
Jachin - The righthand pillar of the two brazen ones set up in the porch of the Temple of Solomon, that on the left or north being called "Boaz" (I Kings vii. 21; II Chron. iii. 17). For an elaborate reconstruction of these pillars based on Assyrian and Egyptian models and on the parallel description in Jer. lii. 21-23, see Perrot and Chipiez, "History of Art in Sardinia and Judæa," pp. 250-257, and plates vi. and vii., London, n.d. Comp. Freemasonry. 2. Fourth son of Simeon and founder of the family of the Jachinites (Gen. xlvi. 10; Ex. vi. 15; Num. xxvi. 12). In the parallel list of I Chron. iv. 24 his name is given as "Jarib." 3. Head of the twenty-first division of priests in the time of David (I Chron. xxiv. 17); his descendants returned from Babylon (ib. ix. 10; Neh. xi. 10).E. G
Read more: http://www.jewishenc...J#ixzz1SgXQI4Re

http://www.sacred-te...o/thp/thp22.htm
In all the languages of the Semitic stock the letters J and Y are interchangeable, as we see in the modern Arabic "Yakub" for "Jacob" and the old Hebrew "Yaveh" for "Jehovah." This gives us the form

"Yachin," which at once reveals the enigma. The word Yak signifies "one"; and the termination "hi," or "hin," is an intensitive which may be rendered in English by "only." Thus the word "Jachin" resolves itself into the words "one only," the all-embracing Unity.

The meaning of Boaz is clearly seen in the book of Ruth. There Boaz appears as the kinsman exercising the right of pre-emption so familiar to those versed in Oriental law--a right which has for its purpose the maintenance of the Family as the social unit. According to this widely-spread custom, the purchaser, who is not a member of the family, buys the property subject to the right of kinsmen within certain degrees to purchase it back, and so bring it once more into the family to which it originally belonged.

Whatever may be our personal opinions regarding the vexed questions of dogmatic theology, we can all agree as to the general principle indicated in the role acted by Boaz. He brings back the alienated estate into the family--that is to say, he "redeems" it in the legal sense of the word. As a matter of law his power to do this results from his membership in the family; but his motive for doing it is love, his affection for Ruth. Without pushing the analogy too far we may say, then, that Boaz represents the principle of redemption in the widest sense of reclaiming an estate by right of relationship, while the innermost moving power in its recovery is Love. This is what Boaz stands for in the beautiful story.

These two pillars, therefore, stand for the two great spiritual principles that are the basis of all Life: Jachin typifying the Unity resulting from Being, and Boaz typifying the Unity resulting from Love. In this Dual-Unity we find the key to all conceivable involution or evolution of Spirit; and it is therefore not without reason that the record of these two ancient pillars has been preserved in our Scriptures. And finally we may take this as an index to the character of our Scriptures generally. They contain infinite meanings; and often those passages which appear on the surface to be most meaningless will be found to possess the deepest significance. The Book, which we often read so superficially, hides beneath its sometimes seemingly trivial words the secrets of other things. The twin pillars Jachin and Boaz bear witness to this truth.


http://www.templesec...fo/pillars.html
The secret is this: The Jachin pillar (meaning Yah establishes) is King Solomon, and the Boaz pillar (meaning strength) is King David. And these two were Israel’s most illustrious kings and also the ones mostly responsible for planning and/or building the Jewish Temple. Both kings are messianic figures. All that follows is explanatory.

First, let us make it clear from the beginning that the name Jachin is not at all etymologically related to the name Solomon, and only somewhat to his second name Jedidyah (2 Samuel 12:25). Nor is the name David etymologically related to Boaz at all. Nor does the following explanation rely solely on this etymological approach. To find the relation between the names of the pillars and these two kings, we must travel an additonal route. For a description of the pillars, see 1 Kings 7:15 - 22 and 2 Chronicles 3:16, 17.

In I Chronicles 17:1 King David expresses a desire to build God a house (temple) but the Lord gently declines the offer, v.3, telling him that, instead, his son (Solomon) will build it; and through his son, David’s dynasty and kingdom will be “established,” a word used five time in vv. 17:9 - 14 in the Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh, and five more in 2 Samuel 7:10 -16. Therefore, Solomon is the establisher.

What does this have to do with the name Jachin? A great deal, because in I Chronicles 18:3 - 8 King David makes war against King Hadadezer, and conquers the towns of Tibbath (also spelled Tibhath) and Cun (Chun) and takes massive amounts of bronze. And from this bronze, v. 8, Solomon makes various Temple vessels, including the twin bronze pillars Jachin and Boaz. But surprisingly, the name Cun is etymologically related to Jachin (Yakin). Cun means establish or stand upright, while Jachin (Yakin, Yah-kin) means Yah establishes. Yah is a contraction for Yahweh, God’s name. Hence, establish links Cun, Jachin, and Solomon, who was also named Jedidyah, beloved of Yah.

For “you have fought great battles and shed much blood,” the Lord told David. This was not a rebuke, necessarily, but an indicator that he did not want the Temple assciated with war. In fact, before capturing Tibbath and Cun, David’s army slew 22,000 men, I Chronicles 18:5.


http://en.wikipedia....Boaz_and_Jachin
Boaz and Jachin were two copper, brass or bronze pillars which stood in the porch of Solomon's Temple, the first Temple in Jerusalem. Boaz stood on the left and Jachin ('founding') stood on the right. The pillars had a size nearly 6 feet (1.8 m) thick and 27 feet (8.2 m) tall. The 8-foot (2.4 m) high brass chapiters or capitals on top of the columns bore decorations of brass lilies. [36 feet total - perfect triangluar #, also 26 letters + 10 digits, 22 normal letters + 5 Sophits {pre&suf-fixes] and hebrew uses a 9 digit numbering system, plus a non-measured zero]

http://en.wikipedia....olomonic_column [Serpentine -Danubis]
If these columns really were from one of the Temples in Jerusalem, the spiral pattern may have represented the oak tree which was the first Ark of the Covenant, mentioned in Joshua 24:26. These columns have sections of twist-fluting alternating with wide bands of foliated reliefs.

http://en.wikipedia....iblical_figures
Jachin was a son of Simeon according to Genesis 46:10, Exodus 6:15, and Numbers 26:12, one of the 70 souls to migrate to Egypt with Jacob.

http://en.wikipedia....omon%27s_Temple
According to the Hebrew Bible, the temple was constructed under Solomon, king of the Israelites. This would date its construction to the 10th century BCE, but it is possible that the temple continued an earlier Jebusite sanctuary predating the Israelite conquest of Jerusalem. Because of the religious sensitivities involved, and the politically volatile situation in East Jerusalem, only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted. There is no archaeological reconstruction of the temple as it stood at the time of its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar. [True mostly, except the BASE possibly, since digging in such and old, and venerable and holy site prevents this - Much like in other Ancient sites]

According to most translations of 1 Kings 7:13-22, these two pillars were cast of brass, though some believe the original Hebrew word used to describe their material, "nehosheth", is actually either bronze or copper, because the Hebrews were unfamiliar with zinc which, along with copper, is required to create brass. [Hebrews, Danaans, Sea peoples and Phoenicians couldn't get zinc! lol david may have to ... nevermind]

By 2006, the Temple Mount Antiquities Salvage Operation had recovered numerous artifacts dating from the 8th to 7th centuries BCE from dirt removed in 1999 by the Islamic Religious Trust (Waqf) from the Solomon's Stables area of the Temple Mount. These include stone weights for weighing silver and a First Temple period bulla, or seal impression, containing ancient Hebrew writing which includes the name Netanyahu ben Yaush. Netanyahu is a name mentioned several times in the Book of Jeremiah while the name Yaush appears in the Lachish letters. However, the combination of names was unknown to scholars.

In 1940 American archaeologist Nelson Glueck excavated a site known as Khirbat en Nahas (Arabic for "ruins of copper"). He "proclaimed ... that he had discovered the Edomite mines controlled by King Solomon." [24] In 1997 radio-carbon dating confirmed that this was a tenth-century copper production site. Amihai Mazar has stated, "I believe that if, one day, we should find the copper objects from the temple in Jerusalem, it will prove to come from this area"

The Jewish encyclopedia: a descriptive record of the history ..., Volume 5 By Isidore Singer, Cyrus Adler
http://books.google....FPc&output=text

The technical language, symbolism, and rites of freemasonry are full of Jewish ideas and of terms like "' Crim and Thummini,'' "Aeharon Schilton," "Rehum." "Sephirot." "Jachin," "Ish Chotzeb" (eomp. I Kings v. 18, list of terms on following page), hut these may have been derived, without any Jewish intermediation, from commentaries on the Old Testament. Many of these terms are derived from the Biblical account of the building of Solomon's Temple (I Kings v. et seq.), and the two pillars Jachin and Boaz take a predominant position in Masonic symbolism.

In the Scottish Rite the dates of all official documents are given according to the Hebrew months and Jewish era, and use is made of the older form (Samaritan or Phoenician) of the Hebrew alphabet. The impostor Cagliostro appears to have introduced some of the terms of the Cabala into his "rite of Misraim," but this again might have been derived from the Christian Cabala.

Modern anti-Semites, especially among the Roman Catholics, attempt to identify freemasonry with Jewish propagandism, going so far as to state that the whole movement is ruled by five or six Jews acting secretly as its head. But the only specific instance of Jewish influence mentioned by them is the introduction of the degree of "kohen " by one Martinez Paschalis. There is, however, no evidence that he was a Jew. Mackey ("Encyclopedia of Freemasonry") states that he was a German who made himself acquainted with the Jewish Cabala during his travels in the East. It is also claimed that Stephen Morin, founder of the Scottish Rite in America, was a Jew. There is no evidence of this ... but it is probable that M. M. Hays and Isaac da Costa who derived the degrees from Morin. and introduced them into South Carolina about 1801, were Jews; yet so far the only evidence of specifically Jewish influence consists in the fact that this particular branch of a certain section of freemasonry appears to have been introduced into South Carolina by Jews.

There is even some doubt about this affiliation. Freemasonry itself was introduced into South Carolina as early as 1736 (De Saussure, "History of Freemasonry in South Carolina," p. 5, Charleston, 1878). The Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, with its additional thirty-third degree, appears to have been instituted in 1786 at Charleston, though the actual organization of the higher council was not effected till 1801. But the Jews who received their degrees directly or indirectly from Morin never appear to have reached any higher degree than the twenty-fifth, of the Rite of Perfection, as can be seen from the following genealogy derived from Steven's "Cyclo pedia of Fraternities" (p. 50, New York, 1899): All the later stages had gone out of Jewish hands before 1801. It is also claimed that the Jews introduced freemasonry into Rhode Island

Jews have been most conspicuous in their connection with freemasonry in France since the Revolution. One of the branches of the craft, the Supreme Council of the Orient, had Adolphe Cremieux as its S.G.C. (Sovereign Grand Councilor) from 1868 to 1880. He introduced the practise of having the S.G.C. confirmed by the lodges instead of being arbitrarily selected by his predecessor. In Germany for a long time Jews were not permitted entrance into the lodges. In 1836 the Amsterdam Grand Lodge protested to the Grand Lodge of Germany against the refusal to admit some of its members because they were of the Jewish faith. From 1868 to 1876 the question of the affiliation of Jewish members was discussed with some heat. Although in the latter year the majority of the lodges favored the affiliation, the requisite two-thirds majority was not oh tained (Gould, I.e. v. 248-250).
 

Doppleganger

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Numbers 21:4-9
And they journeyed from mount Hor by the way of the Red sea, to compass the land of Edom: and the soul of the people was much discouraged because of the way.
And the people spake against God, and against Moses, Wherefore have ye brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? for there is no bread, neither is there any water; and our soul loatheth this light bread.
And the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died.
Therefore the people came to Moses, and said, We have sinned, for we have spoken against the LORD, and against thee; pray unto the LORD, that he take away the serpents from us. And Moses prayed for the people.
And the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live.
And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived.

http://www.touregypt...ies/serapis.htm
Simply put, Serapis (Sarapis, Zaparrus) was an invented god. He was a composite of several Egyptian and Hellenistic deities who was introduced to the world at the beginning of the Ptolemaic (Greek) Period in Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy I, though his legacy lasted well into the Roman period.
[Merged Egyptian and Hellenistic Elements]

"In the city on the borders of Egypt which boasts Alexander of Macedon as its founder, Sarapis and Isis are worshiped with a reverence that is almost fanatical. Evidence that the sun, under the name of Sarapis, is the object of all this reverence is either the basket set on the head of the god or the figure of a three-headed creature placed by his statue. The middle head of this figure, which is also the largest, represents a lion's; on the right a dog raises its head with a gentle and fawning air; and on the left the neck ends in the head of a ravening wolf. All three beasts are joined together by the coils of a serpent whose head returns to the god's right hand which keeps the monster in check." Macrobius, Saturnalia (I.20.13)

The Temples main plan seems to have resembled that of the famous Serapeum at Memphis, but parts of it were richly painted and gilded, and it possessed a fine library which was said to contain some 300,000 (or perhaps as many as 42,000) volumes. The library was actually an annex of the Great Library of Alexandria, and hence known as the "Daughter Library".

There was even a Roman Period sculpted head of Serapis, dating to the second or early third century AD, discovered in London at the Walbrook Mithraem, and a temple of Serapis is mentioned in an inscription found at the Roman site of Eburacum (modern York) in the United Kingdom. Hence, he was even important enough to reach the most distant areas of the Roman Empire.

Serapis may have finally had certain ties with the early Christian community. There were certainly some similarities between Serapis and the Hebrew God. Serapis was a supreme god, and it seems that some early worshippers of Christ amongst the Gentiles could have possibly worshipped Serapis either purposefully, or confusing him with Christ, though the confusion seems more likely to have been one of language.

A correspondence of Emperor Hadrian refers to Alexandrian worshippers of Serapis calling themselves ‘Bishops of Christ’:
'Egypt, which you commended to me, my dearest Servianus, I have found to be wholly fickle and inconsistent, and continually wafted about by every breath of fame. The worshipers of Serapis (here) are called Christians, and those who are devoted to the god Serapis (I find), call themselves Bishops of Christ.'
–Hadrian to Servianus, 134A.D. (Quoted by Giles, ii p86)
In fact, it appears that some followers of Serapis were eventually expelled from Rome when, in 19 AD, Tiberius also expelled the Jews.

Nevertheless, how great confusion between Serapis and Christ could have existed is really somewhat questionable. In 68 AD, a mob of pagans is said to have formed at the Serapis Temple in Alexandria, who then descended on the Christians who were celebrating Easter at Baucalis. There, they sized St. Mark, dragging him through the streets, before throwing him in prison. Clearly those worshippers of Serapis and Christ were aware of each other and the differences within their religions, though perhaps at a later date, some amongst the worshippers of either may have chosen to cover all of their options.

On the other hand, some have pointed out that Chrestus (Christus) was another name for the Egyptian god, Serapis. Chrestus may be translated as "Messiah", though the term need not apply to any specific Messiah, such as Jesus. It therefore could have simply been applied to "Lord Serapis", so that in fact, there was never any connection at all between the early Christians and the worshippers of Serapis.


Moesia [Zalmoxis] Gordian III AD 238-244
confronted busts of Gordian III r. and Serapis l
Reverse of Coins show Serpent and Horses symbols [of Dan], also Statues.

http://www.wildwinds...ysopolis/i.html
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_111.jpg
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_111.txt

http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_122.jpg
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_122.txt

http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_125.jpg
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_125.txt
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_135.txt

http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_129.jpg
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_129.txt
OBVERSE: Confronting busts of Gordian and Serapis
REVERSE: Serapis standing left, right hand raised.

http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_133.jpg
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_133.txt
http://www.wildwinds...shmov_133.1.jpg
MOESIA INFERIOR, Dionysopolis. Gordian III. 238-244 AD.
Æ Pentassarion (25mm, 11.70 gm). AVT K M ANTWNIOC GORDIANOC AVG,
OBVERSE: confronted busts of Gordian and Serapis
REVERSE: DIONVCOPOLITWN, Hygieia right, with serpent and patera; [Diana]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygieia
See Sirona, a goddess of health worshiped in East Central Gaul

http://upload.wikime...a-Hermitage.jpg
[Cadamus, Chalcol, Calcol, Asclepius, Cadacus, the Serpent Stick of Moses]

http://upload.wikime...NDERA_01389.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathor [like Isis]

http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_135.jpg
http://www.wildwinds...oushmov_135.txt
[Serapis, Hercules, Samson between the Pillars of a Temple?]

http://www.tektonics...at/serapis.html
Critics list Serapis of Egypt with minor details as having a story "very similar to that of Christ," offering these points:

* He was called the "Good Shepherd"
* He was considered a healer
* Christianity adapted the Serapian practices of using lights, bells, vestments, processions, music, etc.
* Serapis was a sacrificial bull, as Christ was a sacrificial lamb
* Serapis was annually sacrificed for the sins of Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapis
With his (i.e. Osiris's) wife Isis, and their son Horus (in the form of Harpocrates), Serapis won an important place in the Greek world, reaching Ancient Rome, with Anubis being identified as Cerberus. [the hound of Helios Mycyenean, danaan, Dorite,Spartan]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis
A later mythology (ultimately a result of the replacement of another deity, Anubis, of the underworld when the cult of Osiris gained more authority), tells us of the birth of Anubis. The tale describes how Nephthys was denied a child by Set and disguised herself as the much more attractive Isis to seduce him. [Sounds like Tamar and Judah]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathor
A Temple dedicated to Hathor known as The Hathor Chapel is located at the Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut [God's Mother]. West Bank, Luxor.
A tale, (see "The Book of the Heavenly Cow"), from the perspective of Lower Egypt, developed around this experience of protracted war. In the tale following the war, Ra (representing the pharaoh of Upper Egypt) was no longer respected by the people (of Lower Egypt) and they ceased to obey his authority. The myth states that Ra communicated through Hathor's third Eye (Maat) and told her that some people in the land were planning to assassinate him. Hathor was so angry that the people she had created would be audacious enough to plan that, that she became Sekhmet (war goddess of Upper Egypt) to destroy them. Hathor (as Sekhmet) became bloodthirsty and the slaughter was great because she could not be stopped. As the slaughter continued, Ra saw the chaos down below and decided to stop the blood-thirsty Sekhmet. So he poured huge quantities of blood-coloured beer on the ground to trick Sekhmet. She drank so much of it—thinking it to be blood—that she became drunk and returned to her former gentle self as Hathor.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceus
In Egyptian iconography, the Djed pillar is depicted as containing a snake in a frieze of the Dendera Temple complex ... The rod of Moses and the brazen serpent are frequently compared to the caduceus, especially as Moses is acting as a messenger of God to the Pharaoh at the point in the narrative where he changes his staff into a serpent.

http://en.wikipedia....od_of_Asclepius
The rod of Asclepius is an ancient symbol associated with astrology, medicine and healingand the Greek god Asclepius, son of Apollo.

A similar symbol, Nehushtan, is mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Numbers (Numbers 21:6-9).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehushtan
Snake cults had been well established in Canaan in the Bronze Age: archaeologists have uncovered serpent cult objects in Bronze Age strata at several pre-Israelite cities in Canaan: two at Megiddo, one at Gezer, one in the sanctum sanctorum of the Area H temple at Hazor, and two at Shechem.

http://en.wikipedia....%28symbolism%29
In the surrounding region, serpent cult objects figured in other cultures. A late Bronze Age Hittite shrine in northern Syria contained a bronze statue of a god holding a serpent in one hand and a staff in the other. In sixth-century Babylon, a pair of bronzer serpents flanked each of the four doorways of the temple of Esagila. At the Babylonian New Year's festival, the priest was to commission from a woodworker, a metalworker and a goldsmith two images one of which "shall hold in its left hand a snake of cedar, raising its right [hand] to the god Nabu". At the tell of Tepe Gawra, at least seventeen Early Bronze Age Assyrian bronze serpents were recovered.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirona
In Celtic mythology, Sirona was a goddess worshipped predominantly in East Central Gaul and along the Danubian limes.

More usually, Sirona is paired with Apollo, as in this inscription from Graux CIL XIII, 04661 in the Vosges mountains:
or this inscription from Luxeuil-les-Bains in Franche-Comté CIL XIII, 05424:

Apollini / et Sironae / idem / Taurus

When paired with Sirona, Apollo is often assimilated with a Gaulish deity, such as Apollo Borvo or Apollo Grannus.
An example from Sarmizegetusa in Dacia [Moesia] AE 1983, 00828:

Apollini / Granno et / Sironae / C(aius) Sempronius / Urbanus / proc(urator) Aug(usti)

and another from Augsburg AE 1992, 01304 where Sirona is given the epithet sancta (holy) and is joined by Diana:

Apollini / Granno / Dianae / anct(a)e Siron(a)e / [p]ro sal(ute) sua / suorumq(ue) / omn(ium) / Iulia Matrona

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepius
The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff, remains a symbol of medicine today, although sometimes the caduceus, or staff with two snakes, is mistakenly used instead.

The Roman/Etruscan god Vediovis. He was one of Apollo's sons, sharing with Apollo the epithet Paean ("the Healer"). [Pan -ai here too]

http://anthropology....ique-in-europe/
The ‘Rotherwas Ribbon’ of Herefordshire, England is a snake-shaped area of fire-cracked stones which date back to the same period of Stonehenge – that’s the early Bronze Age, about 2,000 BC.Archaeologists believe this major find may have no parallels in Europe, with the closest similar artefact being the 2,000-year-old serpent mounds of the Ohio river valley in America. It’s been deliberately laid and runs at the base of Dinedor Hill

Other studies indicate that features of Serpent Mound are aligned with both the summer solstice sunset and, less clearly, the winter solstice sunrise. A pile of burned stones once located inside the oval head area was several feet northwest of its center, possibly to make a more precise alignment with the point of the “V” in the serpent’s “neck” and the summer solstice sunset. The A.D. 1070 date coincides roughly with two extraordinary astronomical events. Light from the supernova that produced the Crab Nebula first reached Earth in 1054 and remained visible, even during the day, for two weeks. The brightest appearance ever of Halley’s Comet was recorded by Chinese astronomers in 1066. Could Serpent Mound have been a Native American response to such celestial events? “It is impossible to test whether or not the effigy mound represents a fiery serpent slithering across the sky,” says Lepper, “but it is fun to speculate.”

http://en.wikipedia....Druids%27_glass [Hagar, Hathor, Hatsepshut?]
Adder stone is a type of stone, usually glassy, with a naturally occurring hole through it[citation needed]. Such stones have been discovered by archaeologists in both Britain and Egypt.

In Britain they are also called hag stones, witch stones, serpent's eggs, snake's eggs, or glain neidyr in Wales, milpreve in Cornwall, adderstanes in the south of Scotland and Gloine nan Druidh ("Druids' glass" in Scottish Gaelic) in the north. In Egypt they are called aggry or aggri.

http://www.unexplain...dpost&p=3775022
[Also a possible Caucasio/Yerevan connection east, I always wondered about those representatives in that pic]
[Sardinian Sea-Snake People stuff too, just can't find it Auriga vs Serpentines, Esceladius?]

As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; so that whoever believes will in Him have eternal life." John 3: 14, 15
 

Doppleganger

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Mar 21, 2010
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Phrygia, ancient country of Asia Minor, in what is now Turkey, the extent and boundaries of which varied greatly at different periods. Early in the 1st millennium bc it is believed to have comprised the greater part of the Anatolian Peninsula, but at the time of the Persian invasion in the 6th century bc it was limited to the districts known as Lesser Phrygia and Greater Phrygia. Lesser Phrygia stretched west along the shores of the Sea of Marmara and the Hellespont to Troas, a region afterward part of Mysia. Greater Phrygia lay farther east and inland, where the Phrygian capital, Gordium (near present-day Ankara), was located. In the 3rd century bc the Gauls occupied the northern part of Greater Phrygia.

The Phrygians are believed to have been an Indo-European people who entered Asia Minor from Thrace about 1200 bc and seized control of the whole central tableland. Records exist of numerous kings, bearing alternately the names of Gordius and Midas, but their power was apparently broken by the invasions of the Cimmerians in the 7th century bc. In the 6th century bc Croesus, king of Lydia, conquered all that was left of Phrygia, which passed successively under the rule of Persia, Macedonia, Pergamum, and Rome.

The Phrygian cap, a cloth head-covering worn by the Phrygians, was adopted by freed slaves in Roman times, and thus this cap became a symbol of liberty.
© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

http://en.wikipedia....ki/Phrygian_cap
This article is about the Asian headgear. For the medical term, see Phrygian cap (medical).
The Phrygian cap is a soft conical cap with the top pulled forward, associated in antiquity with the inhabitants of Phrygia, a region of central Anatolia.

In Antiquity, the Phrygian cap had two connotations: for the Greeks as showing a distinctive Eastern influence of non-Greek "barbarism" (in the classical sense) and among the Romans as a badge of liberty. The Phrygian cap identifies Trojans such as Paris in vase-paintings and sculpture, and it is worn by the syncretic Persian saviour god Mithras and by the Anatolian god Attis who were later adopted by Romans and Hellenic cultures. The twins Castor and Pollux wear a superficially similar round cap called the pileus. In vase-paintings and other Greek art, the Phrygian cap serves to identify the Trojan hero Paris as non-Greek; Roman poets habitually use the epithet "Phrygian" to mean Trojan. The Phrygian cap can also be seen on the Trajan's Column carvings, worn by the Dacians, and on the Arch of Septimius Severus worn by the Parthians. Macedonian, Thracian, Dacian and 12th-century Norman military helmets had a forward peaked top resembling the Phrygian cap called Phrygian type helmets.

In revolutionary France, the cap or bonnet rouge was first seen publicly in May 1790, at a festival in Troyes adorning a statue representing the nation, and at Lyon, on a lance carried by the goddess Libertas.[4] To this day the national emblem of France, Marianne, is shown wearing a Phrygian cap.
http://upload.wikime...ansculottes.jpg

http://en.wikipedia....ileus_%28hat%29
The pilos (Greek: p????, felt) was a common conical travelling hat in Ancient Greece. The pilos is the brimless version of the petasos. It could be made of felt or leather. Their pilos cap identifies the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, in sculptures, bas-reliefs and vase-paintings; their caps were already explained in Antiquity as the remnants of the egg from which they hatched. The pilos appears on votive figurines of boys at the sanctuary of the kabeiri at Thebes, the Kabeirion. In warfare, the pilos was often worn by the peltast light infantry, in conjunction with the exomis. The pilos cap was sometimes worn under the helmet by hoplites. The pilos helmet was made in the same shape as the original cap. It probably originated from Lakonia and was made from bronze. The pilos helmet was extensively adopted by the Spartan army in the fifth century BC and worn by them until the end of the Classical era.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabeiri
The Cabeiri were possibly originally Phrygian deities and protectors of sailors, who were imported into Greek ritual.

http://www.answers.c...pic/liberty-cap
The Phrygian Cap comes from the highest antiquity. It is displayed on the head of the figure sacrificing in the celebrated sculpture it Mithraic Sacrifice (or the Mythical Sacrifice) in the British Museum, London. This loose cap, with the point protruding, gives the original form from which all helmets or defensive headpieces, whether Greek or not, derive. When a Phrygian Cap, or Symbolizing Cap, is bloodred, it stands for the cap of liberty, a revolutionary symbol; in another way, it is even a civic or incorporated badge. It marks the needle of the obelisk, the crown or tip of the phallus, whether human or representative. It may have had its origin in the rite of circumcision. The real meaning of the bonnet rouge or cap of liberty is obscure, but it has always been regarded as a most important hieroglyph or figure. It signifies the supernatural simultaneous sacrifice and triumph. It has descended from the time of Abraham, and it is supposed to be an emblem of the strange mythic rite of the circumcision preputii.
Read more: http://www.answers.c...p#ixzz1SiCYMuLl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordias
In the founding myth of Gordium, the first Gordias was a poor farmer from Macedonia who was the last descendant of the royal family of Bryges. The legend of Gordium, widely disseminated by the publicists of Alexander the Great said that he who could unravel it would be master of 'Asia' which was equated at the time with Anatolia. Instead, Alexander sliced the knot in half with his sword, in 333 BCE. With Cybele, or under her patronage as Great Mother, goddess of Phrygia, Gordias adopted Midas, who was recast as his son in later mythology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabazios [zues-anubis reborn-iapetos?]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/HandOfSabazius.JPG/200px-HandOfSabazius.JPG
Sabazios is the nomadic horseman and sky father god of the Phrygians and Thracians. In Indo-European languages, such as Phrygian, the -zios element in his name derives from dyeus, the common precursor of Latin deus ('god') and Greek Zeus. Though the Greeks interpreted Phrygian Sabazios with both Zeus and Dionysus, representations of him, even into Roman times, show him always on horseback, as a nomadic horseman god, wielding his characteristic staff of power.

It seems likely that the migrating Phrygians brought Sabazios with them when they settled in Anatolia in the early first millennium BCE, and that the god's origins are to be looked for in Macedonia and Thrace. The Macedonians were also noted horsemen, horse-breeders and horse-worshippers up to the time of Philip II, whose name signifies "lover of horses". Possible early conflict between Sabazios and his followers and the indigenous mother goddess of Phrygia (Cybele) may be reflected in Homer's brief reference to the youthful feats of Priam, who aided the Phrygians in their battles with Amazons. More "rider god" steles are at the Burdur Museum, in Turkey. Under the Roman Emperor Gordian III the god on horseback appears on coins minted at Tlos, in neighboring Lycia, and at Istrus, in the province of Lower Moesia, between Thrace and the Danube.

One of the native religion's creatures was the Lunar Bull. Sabazios' relations with the goddess may be surmised in the way that his horse places a hoof on the head of the bull, in a Roman marble relief at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Though Roman in date, the iconic image appears to be much earlier.The iconic image of the god or hero on horseback battling the chthonic serpent, on which his horse tramples, appears on Celtic votive columns, and with the coming of Christianity it was easily transformed into the image of Saint George and the Dragon, whose earliest known depictions are from tenth- and eleventh-century Cappadocia and eleventh-century Georgia and Armenia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryges
Bryges or Briges is the historical name given to a people of the ancient Balkans. They are generally considered to have been related to the Phrygians. The earliest mentionings of the Bryges are contained in the historical writings of Herodotus, who relates them to Phrygians by stating that, according to the Macedonians, the Bryges "changed their name" to Phryges after migrating into Anatolia, a movement which is thought to have happened between 1200 and 800 BC perhaps due to the Bronze Age collapse, particularly the fall of the Hittite Empire and the power vacuum that was created.

There is no certain derivation for the name and tribal origin of the Bryges. In 1844, Hermann Müller suggested the name might be related to the same Indo-European root as that of to German Berg (mountain) and Slavic breg (hill, slope, mountain). It would then be cognate with Western European tribal names such as the Celtic Brigantes and the Germanic Burgundians, and semantically motivated by some aspect of the word meanings 'high, elevated, noble, illustrious'. [Celtic Duns hebrew Dun for a parcel of land, hide]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordium
Gordium was the capital city of ancient Phrygia. It was located at the site of modern Yassihüyük, about 70–80 km southwest of Ankara (capital of Turkey) [Hattusa - Galatians/Cimmerians who overran the Phyrgians], in the immediate vicinity of Polatli district. Gordium lies where the ancient road between Lydia and Assyria/Babylonia crossed the Sangarius river. In the twelfth century BCE, Gordium have been settled by Thracians who had migrated from southeastern Europe. During the ninth and eighth centuries, the city grew to be the capital of a kingdom that controlled much of Asia Minor west of the river Halys. The kings of Phrygia built large tombs near Gordium called tumuli, which consist of artificial mounds constructed over burial chambers. In the 8th century, the lower city and the area to the north of the citadel was surrounded by a fortification circuit wall with regularly spaced towers.

The most famous king of Phrygia was the quasi-legendary Midas. Contemporary Assyrian sources dating between ca. 718 and 709 BCE call him Mit-ta-a. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, King Midas was the first foreigner to make an offering at the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, dedicating the throne from which he gave judgment. During his reign, according to Strabo, the nomadic Cimmerians invaded Asia Minor, and in 710/709, Midas was forced to ask for help from the Assyrian king Sargon II.

DAN IN THE BLACK SEA
[Note by James Bruggeman: We provide the following article as supplemental material for our audio lecture series, Joseph the Overcomer, specifically for the lecture entitled Joseph and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The article was published in The Covenant People, an Expositor of the Prophecies concerning the Two Houses of Israel and Judah in Volume V, 1899. The several articles in the series by Col. Gawler were later published in book form. Entitled, Dan, The Pioneer of Israel, it is available through Stone Kingdom Ministries.]

by the late COLONEL J. C. GAWLER, Keeper of the Crown Jewels. (Published in 1880 ; Reprinted, by permission, with Notes where necessary, 1898.)

Jason's expedition—Thessalians, so-called Phoenicians, who composed it, were also Heraclidae and Argives—i.e., Danai—The Colchians, descendants of the Argonauts, acknowledged as relatives by the Lacedaemonians—Colchians, in Herodotus' time, observed circumcision. Colchians and Iberians—"Elect of the dispersion "—Tumuli and serpent worship—Indian rock records of Dan and other Tribes of Israel, probably in Media, attacked by Cyrus.

It was, as nearly as chronologists can determine, about b.c. 1280 when Jason's expedition, composed of the flower of Thessaly, sailed in the Argo from the port of lolchos. To compare dates : this expedition took place about 160 years later than Joshua's conquest of Canaan, about 150years later than Danaus' first colony in Argos, and about five years later than when Deborah and Barak taunted Dan with keeping on board ship. To return to the Argonauts. Their object is shrouded in mythic legend, but it was probably some buccaneering enterprise. Heracles is said to have been on board; and they sailed to the Eastern extremity of the Black Sea, and founded Colchis, the modern Poti. Herodotus (ii. 104) mentions the important fact that in his time, b.c. 420, the Colchians observed circumcision,

He adds:—" I found that the Colchians had more recollection of the Egyptians than the Egyptians had of the Colchians." Israel, indeed, would long retain a very lively recollection of the Egyptians! He also says (ii. 105):—"The Colchians alone, and the Egyptians, manufacture linen in the same manner, and the whole way of living and the language is similar in both nations; but the Colchian linen is called by the Greeks sardonic, though that which comes from Egypt is called Egyptian."

Sir Isaac Newton ("Chron. Anct. Hist.," p. 283), and most other writers on the subject, take Halah and Habor (2 Kings xviii. n) to be Colchis and Iberia. Allatius supposes that the Israelites who were placed on the Chaborras also peopled the countries of Iberia and Colchis; and he adduces the authority of Constantine Porphyrogenetes in support of the Israelitish origin of the inhabitants of Iberia. The name Iberia, as well as Bithynia—also on the South Coast of the Black Sea—certainly strike one as of Hebrew origin. Of the region of Colchis, Dr. Clarke mentions the vast number of tumult which he thinks must be placed as marks for guidance across the immense plains, and they continue on to the sea of Azov; "reminding us of the prophet's warning to exiled Israel, ' Set thee up waymarks'" I have observed the same on the Danube, where tumuli stretch from Widdin in a S.E. direction, apparently towards the Gulf of Burgas: a few are visible on the North bank stretching towards the N.W.

The rock temples of India give us some additional testimony regarding the existence, in the regions about the Black Sea, of the Dannites and other Tribes of Israel. (The Cyrus mentioned is probably the one who was killed in an expedition against the Massagetae.) From the preface of "Moore's Saxons of the East and West" I extract the following translation of a Hebraic inscription upon the walls of a rock temple in Kanari, twenty miles North of Bombay:—

"Lo, the worship of Saka is the fruit of my lip. His garden, which Cyrus laid low, was glowing red, behold it is blackened. His people being aroused would have their rights, for they were cast down at the cry of the parting of Dan, who being delivered was perfectly free. .... Everyone grew mighty, and Saka's mouth enkindling them brought the princes together of the race of Harari (people of the hill country of Ephraim, so called—2 Sam. xxiii. 9—n). As to Dan, his unloosing was destruction, oppression, and strife. He stoutly turned away, he departed twice. The pre-determined thought is a hand prepared : [Sabazious] yea, Gotha (i.e., the opposite or North coast of the Black Sea called Gothland), that watched for the presence of Dan afforded concealment to the exile .... The redeemed of Kasha wandered about like a flock over-driven " (See note, chapter iv).

This name Saka, used in the inscriptions apparently as a title of their God, is one of the titles signifying " the most pure," given to God in the Jewish Passover hymn at the present day. The people who used it were in company with Dan, and as it is Hebraic, and an allusion seems to be made to the princes of Ephraim, they were probably the descendants of the captivity of Samaria (2 Kings xvii, 6), and of Reuben, Gad, and the half Tribe of Manasseh (2 Kings xv. 29) who had had some two centuries to increase and expand. Might they not also be identical with the Sakai or Scythians who about this time possessed those regions?
 

Doppleganger

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatia
Galatia was bounded on the north by Bithynia and Paphlagonia, on the east by Pontus and Cappadocia, on the south by Cilicia and Lycaonia, and on the west by Phrygia. Its capital was Ancyra (i.e. Ankara, today the capital of modern Turkey ).

Francis Bacon and other Renaissance writers called them "Gallo-Graeci", "Gauls settled among the Greeks" and the country "Gallo-Graecia", as had the 3rd century AD Latin historian Justin. The Galatians were in their origin a part of the great Celtic migration which invaded Macedon, led by Brennus. Three tribes comprised these Celts, the Tectosages, the Trocmii, and the Tolistobogii.

Brennus invaded Greece in 281 BC with a huge war band and was turned back in the nick of time from plundering the temple of Apollo at Delphi. At the same time, another Gaulish group of men, women, and children were migrating through Thrace. They had split off from Brennus' people in 279 BC, and had migrated into Thrace under their leaders Leonnorius and Lutarius. The invaders came at the invitation of Nicomedes I of Bithynia, who required help in a dynastic struggle against his brother. Three tribes crossed over from Thrace to Asia Minor. They numbered about 10,000 fighting men and about the same number of women and children, divided into three tribes. They were eventually defeated by the Seleucid king Antiochus I, in a battle where the Seleucid war elephants shocked the Celts. While the momentum of the invasion was broken, the Galatians were by no means exterminated.

Instead, the migration led to the establishment of a long-lived Celtic territory in central Anatolia, which included the eastern part of ancient Phrygia, a territory that became known as Galatia. The Gauls invaded the eastern part of Phrygia on at least one occasion. The constitution of the Galatian state is described by Strabo: conformably to custom, each tribe was divided into cantons, each governed by a chief ('tetrarch') of its own with a judge under him, whose powers were unlimited except in cases of murder, which were tried before a council of 300 drawn from the twelve cantons and meeting at a holy place, twenty miles southwest of Ancyra, written in Greek as Drynemeton (Gallic *daru-nemeton holy place of oak).

These Celts were warriors, respected by the Greeks and the Romans (illustration, right). They hired themselves out as mercenary soldiers, sometimes fighting on both sides in the great battles of the times. For years the chieftains and their war bands ravaged the western half of Asia Minor, as allies of one or other of the warring princes, without any serious check.
http://upload.wikime...-Dying_gaul.jpg

http://en.wikipedia....ki/Tolistobogii [Lady Liberty-Sol Invictus-French Revolution Like Below]
The Tolistobogii first appear as troops in the army of Brennus on its way to plunder Delphi in Greece in 279 BC. In Dardania, it is said, some 20,000 men under Leonorius and Lutarius in these three tribes seceded from Brennus and entered Thrace, where they collected tribute from the region, including Byzantium. The Tolistobogii received Aeolia and Ionia as territory and where one of the three majority shareholders of the Galatian state alongside the Trocmii and a subdivision of the Volcae Tectosages who are more commonly associated with the Toulouse
http://upload.wikime...1899.12-1.2.jpg
http://www.languedoc..._libertycap.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmeria
Cimmeria, an ancient name of the Crimea, a peninsula in the North part of Black Sea, or the Eastern part thereof.

http://en.wikipedia....wiki/Cimmerians
According to the Greek historian Herodotus, of the 5th century BC, the Cimmerians inhabited the region north of the Caucasus and the Black Sea during the 8th and 7th centuries BC.

Herodotus thought the Cimmerians and the Thracians closely related, writing that both peoples originally inhabited the northern shore of the Black Sea, and both were displaced about 700 BC, by invaders from the east. Whereas the Cimmerians would have departed this ancestral homeland by heading west and south across the Caucasus, the Thracians migrated southwest into the Balkans, where they established a successful and long-lived culture. The Tauri, the original inhabitants of Crimea, are sometimes identified as a people related to the Cimmerians and later the Taurisci.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriphos
Serifos is a Greek island municipality in the Aegean Sea, located in the western Cyclades, south of Kythnos and northwest of Sifnos. When Acrisius was warned by an oracle that his own grandson would kill him, he cast his daughter (Danaë) and her infant son Perseus adrift at sea in a wooden chest. It was the island of Serifos where the vessel had come ashore.

http://en.wikipedia....wiki/Dana%C3%AB
In Greek mythology, Danaë was a daughter of King Acrisius of Argos and Eurydice. She was the mother of Perseus by Zeus. She was sometimes credited with founding the city of Ardea in Latium.

Later, after Perseus killed Medusa and rescued Andromeda, the oracle's prophecy came true. He started for Argos, but learning of the prophecy instead went to Larissa, where athletic games were being held. By chance, an aging Acrisius was there and Perseus accidentally struck him on the head with his javelin (or discus), fulfilling the prophecy. Too shamed to return to Argos he then gave the kingdom to Megapenthes, son of Proetus (Acrisius's brother) and took over his kingdom of Tiryns, also founding Mycenae and Midea there. Another version states that, angry that his grandfather tried to kill him and his mother, Perseus returned home and challenged Acrisius in his court. He took out Medusa's head from a sack and turned Acrisius and his court to stone.

http://en.wikipedia....%28mythology%29
In Greek mythology, Tros was a ruler of Troy and the son of Erichthonius by Astyoche (daughter of the river god Simoeis) or of Ilus I, from whom he inherited the throne. Tros was the father of three sons: Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymedes, and of a daughter Cleopatra.

http://en.wikipedia....ghter_of_Danaus
Cleopatra was in Greek mythology the name of two Danaides, that means of two of altogether 50 daughters of Danaus, who had born his numerous daughters with different women. Each of the two Cleopatras married – like all her sisters – one of the 50 sons of Danaus’ twin brother Aegyptus. One Cleopatra, whose mother was a hamadryad (Atlantia or Phoebe), married Agenor, and the other Cleopatra, the daughter of the naiad Polyxo, married Hermus. Like all Danaides – except Hypermnestra – both Cleopatras killed their husbands in the wedding night.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaides
The rivers at Argolis were empty during summer and they overflowed during winter, therefore the name Danaus and Danaides is probably connected with the Proto-Indo-European root *danu:"river".

In Greek mythology, the Daughters of Danaus or Danaids were the fifty daughters of Danaus. They were to marry the fifty sons of Danaus's twin brother Aegyptus, a mythical king of Egypt. In the most common version of the myth, all but one of them kill their husbands on their wedding night, Danaus did not want his daughters to go ahead with the marriages and he fled with them in the first boat built to Argos, which is located in Greece near the ancient city of Mycenae. Danaus agreed to the marriage of his daughters only after Aegyptus came to Argos with his fifty sons in order to protect the local population, the Argives, from any battles. The daughters were ordered by their father to kill their husbands on the first night of their weddings and this they all did with the exception of one, Hypermnestra, who spared her husband Lynceus because he respected her desire to remain a virgin. Danaus was angered that his daughter refused to do as he ordered and took her to the Argives courts. Lynceus killed Danaus as revenge for the death of his brothers and he and Hypermnestra started the Danaan Dynasty of rulers in Argos.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegyptus
In Greek mythology, Aegyptus is a descendant of the heifer maiden, Io, and the river-god Nilus, and was a king in Egypt. Aegyptos was the son of Belus and Achiroe, a naiad daughter of Nile. Aegyptus fathered fifty sons, who were all but one murdered by the fifty daughters of Aegyptus' twin brother, Danaus, eponym of the Danaans, a name for the Mycenaean Greeks. The Aegyptus of Greek myth is not a genuinely Egyptian figure, but a figment of Egypt in the European imagination. [Sounds like Judah - Zerah's [Danaans] and Pharez [Pharoah's?].

A scholium on a line in Euripides, Hecuba 886, reverses these origins, placing the twin brothers at first in Argolis, whence Aegyptus was expelled and fled to the land that was named after him.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynceus
In Greek mythology, Lynceus was a king of Argos, succeeding Danaus. He is named as a descendant of Belus through his father Aegyptus, who was the twin brother of Danaus. Danaus had fifty daughters, the Danaides, while Aegyptus had fifty sons including Lynceus, whose name when translated means "wolf".

Danaus was angry with his disobedient daughter and threw her to the Argive courts. Aphrodite intervened and saved her. Lynceus later killed Danaus as revenge for the death of his brothers. Lynceus and Hypermnestra then began a dynasty of Argive kings (the Danaan Dynasty) beginning with Abas.

http://en.wikipedia....%28mythology%29
http://en.wikipedia....n_of_Lynceus%29
In Greek mythology, Abas was the son of Lynceus of the royal family of Argos, and Hypermnestra, the last of the Danaides. Abas himself was the twelfth king of Argos. His name derives from a Semitic word for "father".

Abas was a successful conqueror, and was the founder of the city of Abae, Phocis, home to the legendary oracular temple to Apollo Abaeus, and also of the Pelasgic Argos in Thessaly. When Abas informed his father of the death of Danaus, he was rewarded with the shield of his grandfather, which was sacred to Hera. Abas was said to be so fearsome a warrior that even after his death, enemies of his royal household could be put to flight simply by the sight of this shield.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrisius
Acrisius was a mythical king of Argos, and a son of Abas and Aglaea (or Ocalea, depending on the author), grandson of Lynceus, great-grandson of Danaus. His twin brother was Proetus, with whom he is said to have quarreled even in the womb of his mother. When Abas died and Acrisius had grown up, he expelled Proetus from his inheritance; but, supported by his father-in-law Iobates, the Lycian, Proetus returned, and Acrisius was compelled to share his kingdom with his brother by giving Tiryns to him, while he retained Argos for himself.

[Sounds like a repeating theme here -> Jacob-Esau, Joseph and his brothers_Zerah and Pharez?Danaas and Egyptus, Acrisius and Proteus - Pre-Persied]

Disappointed by his lack of luck in having a son, Acrisius consulted the oracle at Delphi, who warned him that he would one day be killed by his daughter's son. Danaë was childless and to keep her so, he imprisoned her in a bronze chamber open to the sky in the courtyard of his palace. Zeus had intercourse with her in the form of a golden shower (some accounts say it is her uncle, Proteus, who impregnates her). Danaë became pregnant with Perseus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiryns
The construction of walls is attributed to Proetus, brother of the king of Argos Acrisius. According to the legend, Proetus pursued by his brother resorted to Lycia, but with the help of the people there he managed to return to Argolis, occupied and fortified Tiryns with the assistance of the Cyclops.

So the legend is linking the three Argolic centers, Argos, Tiryns and Mycenae with three mythical heroes, and more specifically Acrisius, his brother Proetus, and his grandson Perseus, the founder of Mycenae. But the tradition was born at the beginning of the historical times, at a time when Argos was fighting to become the hegemonic power in the area, and had the need to feel a glorious past no less than the two neighboring acropolises.

The strong walls of Tiryns were very dangerous for the Doric colony of Argos. When Kleomenis of Sparta defeated the Argives, their slaves occupied Tiryns for many years, according to Herodotus. Herodotus also mentions that Tiryns took part in the battle of Plataea in 480 BC with 400 hoplites (soldiers).

The superstructure was clay and the roof from tiles baked in fire. The first Greek genders, the creators of the Middle Helladic civilization and the Mycenaean civilization after that, settled Tiryns at the beginning of the Middle period (2000-1600 BC) and the city had its largest growing in the Mycenaean period. The Acropolis presents three construction phases, the first at the end of the Late Helladic II period (1500-1400 BC), the second in Late-Helladic III (1400-1300 BC) and the third at the end of the Late-Helladic III B (1300-1200 BC). The surviving ruins of the Mycenaean citadel is dating at the end of the third period. The disaster that struck the Mycenaean centers at the end of the Bronze Age affected Tiryns, but it is certain that the area of the palace was inhabited continuously until the middle of the 8th century BC (a little later a temple was built in the ruins of the palace).

The Acropolis was first excavated by the German archaeologist Tirs in 1831. In 1876, Heinrich Schliemann considered the palace of Tiryns to be medieval, he came very close to destroying the remains in order to excavate deeper for Mycenaean treasures. Fortunately, the next period of excavation was under Wilhelm Dörpfeld, a director of the German Archaeological Institute ... [who preserved the ruins on futher investigation.]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus
Perseus was the son of Zeus and Danaë, who by her very name, was the archetype of all the Danaans. Perseus’s native city was Greek and so were the names of his wife and relatives. There is some prospect that it descended into Greek from the Proto-Indo-European language. In that regard Robert Graves has espoused the only Greek derivation available. Perseus might be from the ancient Greek verb, (perthein), “to waste, ravage, sack, destroy”, some form of which appears in Homeric epithets. [Fits the pattern, how about Perse, Farsa, or even Artos?]

Polydectes fell in love with Danaë, so Perseus, who knew that Polydectes had grim intentions, constantly protected his mother from him. Polydectes desired to remove Perseus from the island so he could have Danaë, and therefore hatched a plot to send him away in disgrace. Polydectes held a large banquet where each guest was expected to bring a gift. Polydectes requested that the guests bring horses, under the pretense that he was collecting contributions for the hand of Hippodamia, "tamer of horses". The fisherman's protégé had no horse to give, so he asked Polydectes to name the gift, for he would not refuse it. Polydectes held Perseus to his rash promise, demanding the head of the only mortal Gorgon, Medusa, whose very expression turned people to stone. Ovid's anecdotal embroidery of Medusa's mortality tells that she had once been a woman, vain of her beautiful hair, who had lain with Poseidon in the Temple of Athena. In punishment for the desecration of her temple, Athena had changed Medusa's hair into hideous snakes "that she may alarm her surprised foes with terror".

Perseus and Andromeda had seven sons: Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus, Electryon, and Cynurus, and two daughters, Gorgophone, and Autochthoe. Perses was left in Aethiopia and became an ancestor of the emperors of Persia. [check] The other descendants ruled Mycenae from Electryon down to Eurystheus, after whom Atreus [Artos?] got the kingdom. However, the Perseids included the great hero, Heracles, stepson of Amphitryon, son of Alcaeus. [A repeat of the sabazious-danubis thing]

http://en.wikipedia....r_%28goddess%29
In Georgian mythology, Tamar was a Georgian sky and weather goddess ... She was an eternal virgin who rode through the air on a serpent saddled and bridled with gold.

http://en.wikipedia....amar_%28name%29
Tamar is also a popular name among Armenians, sometimes nicknamed "Tamarig", meaning "Little Tamar". According to Armenian folklore, the name of Akhtamar Island in Lake Van is attributed to a peasant boy's longing cries of "Akh (Oh), Tamar!" as he drowns trying to reach his beloved Princess Tamar imprisoned on the island.

It is also common among Georgians, where its origin can be traced either to the above-mentioned Biblical Hebrew characters, to the Sky Goddess Tamar who had an important role in the Georgians' mythology before their conversion to Christianity (see Tamar (goddess) or to a convergence of both.
 

Doppleganger

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The Danites, Sea Peoples and the Lost Tribes Wanderings
I started a History Thread here, the more Biblicaly inherent truths and meaningss will go here
http://www.historum.com/ancient-history/28167-danites-sea-peoples-lost-tribes-wanderings.html

Genesis 9:25-27
And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.
God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

Genesis 10:2-5
The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations.

The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

http://www.historum.com/religion/28142-errors-bible-2.html
1)Has or can anyone see God?

Gen 32:30 So Jacob called the place Peniel, saying "It is because I saw God face to face, and yet my life was spared."
Exodus 33:11 The Lord would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks with his friend.
Exodus 24:9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up..and saw the god of Israel.
John 1:18 No one has ever seen God
1 Timothy 6:16 …who alone is immortal and who lives in unapproachable light, whom no one has seen or can see.

EW Bullinger's Companion Bible & Commentary
No man [human eye] hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, He Who is into the bosom of the Father, That One revealed Him.
The readings vary between MSS. revealed. Gr.exegeomai = to lead the way, make known by expounding. Hence Eng. “exegesis”. Only here, Luke 24:35, &c.

Luke 24:35 And they related what things were done by the way, and how He became >recognized< of them in the breaking of the bread.

Since your hinging this argument primarily [I'm assuming] on John 1:18 - No one has ever seen God, It must be in the context in which these were given. John relates that that the 2 strangers on the road did not recognize a resurrected Christ or a cruxified Dead Man. Likewise, since the were talking about the events surrounding the cruxifiction, this would of given them ample time to ID him, before they broke bread.

In Luke 24:36-39 When the 2 strangers returned to Jerusalem to tell the Disciples of the events, Jesus again re-appears.

And as they thus spake, Jesus Himself stood in the midst of them, and saith unto Peace be unto you. But they were terrified and affrighted, and supposed that they had seen a spirit. And He said unto them, Why are ye troubled ? and why do reasonings arise in your hearts? Behold My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself: handle Me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see Me have.

The moral of the story here in the long and short of it is, they didn't see God, because they didn't recognize Christ or his mission. This because God revealed, lead by the way, made himself known by expounding himself to Christ. Through Christ this was revealed. Through Christ God can be Seen. This is the mystery and the meaning. Also other spirits were seen, until Christ returned to God a couple months after Passover, at Pentecost.

See, only Christ in essence has seen, followed the path, and expounded on what can only be a glimpse of God and the Godhead. Christ is that reflection, the mystery, the meaning, the called forth, Melchi-zedok [King-Priest], King of Kings, and Lord of Lords.

Bad start for [Open-Minded] Skeptics, good for you and me. Shelah, Amen. I'll get to the rest of these later, maybe ... np
 

Doppleganger

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My Historium Thread is here now ->

http://www.historum.com/speculative-history/28167-danites-sea-peoples-lost-tribes-wanderings.html

They've moved it to Speculative History
 

Doppleganger

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http://www.unexplain...howtopic=211195

Google "Magyar" (= Hungarian) and "Sumerian".
Many Hungarians think they were the ancestors - or related to them - of the Sumerians, based on language and thousands of years old inscriptions in Hungary that resemble the most ancient (=> before Sumerian cuneiform script) Sumerian script.

Sumerian pottery and agriculture appears to have originated in Samarra and further points north in the Fertile Crescent, from at least c.5500 BC. Earliest evidence for agricultural farming (einkorn and emmer wheat c.7800 BC and 8800 BC respectively) possibly originating in the area between Nevali Cori and Cayonu, Turkey. Nothing here would suggest an origin outside of the Fertile Crescent. Also, DNA of the area would tend to suggest a Y Chromosome Haplogroup J2 connection.
Einkorn
Emmer
cormac

Yea, they probably couldn't communicate with each other [bring your stones next time], If 1 per cent-tile chromo, a trading post, contact with [aggresive] ancient empire to steppes. ... Pharismenes ...
KCK
Doppleganger
Dj

All this Nordic to India stuff goes with the Nordic line through Aghemenon and Priam's daughter to Geat or Getha, to Frea and Odin which produce the main Nordic Branch of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Lines. Also related to the House of Anjou. Who married into Pepin's line .. and Baldwin Lines. The other Less primary Lines are the Welf or Guelph Lines through Seaxnot and later Edecon (Attila secretary to Constantinople). Also the Wetten and Skold Lines. Sub lines also point to, Spainish and Russian Lines.

http://www.szabir.co...gyptian-hebrew/
http://sites.google....ntamil/sumerian

The Hungarian-Hebrew Connexion [Excerpts]
http://www.imninalu.net/myths-Huns.htm
Preliminary remarks: Owing to the lack of conclusive evidences available until now, this research proposes likely hypotheses, not definitive solutions. The historic facts exposed here and the reasonable credit that may be bestowed on ancient myths allow the author to frame feasible hypotheses open to further discussion.

Is it there any link that relates with each other peoples that apparently are quite different? Is it there any relationship between Sumerians, Hurrians, Mitanni, Habiru, Hyksos, Kassites, Chaldeans, Medes, Khwarezmians, Scythians, Massagetas, Alans, Sabirs, Avars, Huns, Magyars, OnOgurs, Khazars, Uyghurs and a present-day European nation? Can these peoples, having different origins - namely Kushitic, Semitic and Japhetic - converge into the ethnogenesis of a single modern nation? The answer to these questions is: Yes!

The Blood Covenants
As we have announced in the introduction of this essay, there are some mysterious links that connect Hungary and Israel: one of them is that both nations were founded by a blood covenant. This probably was a common practice among Habiri groups, as it will be shown. In fact, Hungary is the only European State having a quite defined beginning, when the Magyar tribes sealed a blood covenant to enter and possess a "Promised land", the Danubian Basin. That ritual agreement between tribe chieftains performed in Etelköz was not an exceptional fact, but the last one of a series of similar events according to the most ancient traditions.

The Persian name of Abarshahr was Varkâna (Hungarian Várkony, Hyrcania - see additional information on this name below), a term that leads us to acknowledge that the Avars were not a single tribe but a composed group, as well as it might give us the key to the origin of the name "Hun".

Persians as ethnic entity, their religious behaviour was shown in many aspects similar to the Achæmenian spirituality in contrast to the Greek-Seleucid cultural colonization: besides promotion of Zoroastrianism, their favourable policy towards Jews followed that of the Persian monarchs ...

One of the main features that distinguish the early Hungarians from the other Eurasians and primarily from the Finnic peoples (with whom many scholars have always tried to find a common root) is their ancestral belief. The chroniclers were not able to mention names of Hun deities, simply because there were not. Notwithstanding, they recognized that the Huns/Magyars indeed had a Divinity whom they worshipped, who was never represented with images and whose name was not revealed. They called Him "Creator of universe", "Lord of all", "Almighty God" and titles like these. Ibn-Fadlan, the Arab historian of the Rus' people, said: «Hungarians worship God in Heavens above all»; Theophylaktos wrote: «[they] invoke and worship as God the One that created the universe».

I've mentioned this in my KCKultimateKoH and in my posts, the connections of Shamanistic practices and Judaism.
 

Doppleganger

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Science in general is in a daze when it comes to the Sea Peoples, Lost Tribes, Israel. I think I've pretty much proven that. Equating a modern Lebanese with a Phoenician is meaningless. They can't even equate it with Dido, Carthage later, [Fenns or Finns as I would call them], the Gauls in part being re-introduced to the Balkans and Asia Minor, Scythian like groups or even the Huns. as discussed earlier. These static models seem quite inadequate to the interpretations. All I have to do is line up these kings and people who went west by sea, and north by land. Anyways, heres part of the stuff I was going to do on Dacia, Galacia, and the Assyrian re-introduction of old motifs in art and culture. I need a break, no-one seems to be helping me, and re-introducing these ideas to new people is taking its toll on my health and mind. I'll get back to this later, after I finish gathering info for my exe's and DB, maybe. [I have over 9,000 views, on my posts which is pretty good, by the end of the year, this will have climbed to over 10,000 easy, so the interest is still there, Dj]

http://www.oldtestam...em=22&variant=0
http://www.oldtestam...em=16&variant=0
Akkadian formalities - General background
Historical development
Old Akkadian (2500-1950 BCE)
Old Babylonian (1950-1530 BCE) Old Assyrian (1950-1750 BCE)
Middle Babylonian (1530-1000 BCE) Middle Assyrian (1500-1000 BCE)

Standard Babylonian (1500-0 BCE)
(An artificial literary form)
Neo-Babylonian (1000-625 BCE) Neo-Assyrian (1000-600 BCE)
Late Babylonian (625-0 BCE)

http://jewsandjoes.c...s-arzareth.html
Ar-sareth: "Ar" means "River" in Chaldean, which is why some have speculated that the place may be linked to a river by the name "Sareth". One such river near the boarder of Romania and the Ukraine, which was also the southwest board of ancient Scythia, has been identified as a possibility. It is often transliterated into English as Siret, Sereth, or Sareth. Below is a map of the Romanian region. You'll see the river "Siret" flowing into the "Dunare" (Danube) and then into the Black Sea to the east. [Also Argos]

Siret, important Romanian river that rises in the Carpathian Mountains. The Siret River flows southward for 290 mi along the eastern margin of the mountains, and enters the Danube near the city of Galaati. The river has carved a broad valley into the Moldavian Plateau,
© 1993-2003 ENCARTA Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Danube (ancient Danubius, and in the lower part of its course, Ister; German Donau; Slovak Dunaj; Hungarian Duna; Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian Dunav; Romanian Dunarea; Ukrainian Dunay), second longest river in Europe, and one of the principal transportation arteries on the continent. It is the only major European river to flow from west to east.
© 1993-2003 ENCARTA Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

http://www.ensignmes...es/israsxn.html
Thence we find Israel carried captive to Halah, Habor, and the River Gozan. Professor Odlum says of this deportation:

"The distance to which Israel was carried from their own country in about 721 B.C. was not less than seven hundred miles in a north and east direction. The Syrian desert, the River Euphrates, the Mesopotamian region, the Tigris, and three ranges of the Kurdistan mountains intervened between Samaria and the new home of Israel in captivity. In this district were the cities and regions of Halah, Habor, and the River Gozan, which flowed into the Caspian Sea, as it does today. This new home was the high tablelands of Media and Armenia ...... "

While settled in this district, they aided the Medes and Persians to break the power of their captors, the Assyrians. Afterwards Babylon went down before their arms.
From this time they were on their way to their new European home. They found unoccupied territory in the neighbourhood of Ar-Sareth in southeast Europe.
Here they occupied the Crimea, and spread up the waterways, passing the watershed and down the waterways to the Baltic and the North Seas.

Sharon Turner says: "The migrating Scythians crossed the Araxes, passed out of Asia, and suddenly appeared in Europe in the sixth century B.C."

Esdras in the Apocrypha tells us that the Ten Tribes left their exile and moved away across the Euphrates to a place called Arsareth (City or Hill of Sareth) (2 Esdras 13:39-45). To the northwest of the Black Sea is a river called Sareth to this day.

Herodotus, speaking of the same date as Esdras, says: "The Scythians ernerged frorn beyond the Euphrates across the Armenian river Araxes."

http://en.wikipedia....iki/Gala%C5%A3i
The name of the city appears to have derived from Cuman galat, which was borrowed from the Arabic qal'at (fortress). Other etymologies have been proposed, such as the Serbian galac; however the galat root appears in several nearby toponyms, some of which show clearly a Cuman origin, for example Gala?ui Lake, which has the typical Cuman -ui suffix for "water". A derivation from Galatia (Gaul), suggesting a Celtic origin, is possible, but unlikely. [Seems more likely to me sense, Its ancient inhabitants were Gauls who later populated Galatia in Turkey - This could also be a homonym - There explanation seems way to late to its origins - Many Galatia's, Galacia's]

[Here they attest to its more ancient Origins] The first signs of permanent settlements in the area Galati found on the eastern shore (north-west of the city), where they discovered fragments of ceramic-type Stoicani Aldeni, stilex and tools made of bone, dating Neolithic. Also in this area, this time on the south bank was found a stone scepter Coslogeni culture of the Bronze Age period's end. The city has developed on the basis of an ancient Dacian settlement existing in VI-V century BC, the ford of the Danube, from the Roman period of the two wars fought against the Dacians.

http://en.wikipedia....hrace_and_Dacia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacians

http://jewsandjoes.c...-of-israel.html
http://jewsandjoes.c...plogroup-f.html
http://jewsandjoes.c...roup-p-r-q.html
http://jewsandjoes.c...hypotheses.html
http://jewsandjoes.c...w-ancestry.html
http://jewsandjoes.c...s-arzareth.html

http://jewsandjoes.c...eth-romania.png
river-sareth-romania.png
 

Doppleganger

New Member
Mar 21, 2010
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http://www.imninalu.net/Habiru.htm
The Hebrew Tribes were Habiru but not all Habiri were Hebrews. The Israelites came out of that special people and thus acquired the "Ivri" name. The statement in Bereshyit that Shem was the father of all the children of Ever now has a different meaning. The Hebrew/Habiri were the children of Ever, as that genetic line was remembered by the later Jewish scribes. This brief survey casts light on the antecedents of the Hebrew people, the Children of Israel. It offers us some insight into the selection of Avraham, the "Habiri" as the "Father of many nations". Therefore, Avraham was both a Hebrew (Habiri) and the forefather of Hebrews (Israelites).

http://www.imninalu....e/genealogy.GIF

There certainly were groups of peoples & tribes migrating from Egypt by land and sea in waves to many places for several centuries under different cultures. The Bible is more valid and indispensible than the Iliad, Odyssey & Aeniad combined, because it not put in purely mythology terms. If we can date history to about 700BC, we can certainly compile king lists to 1400BC. The Sub Hyksos line of Kings with Jacob-Baal clearly shows that a part of these divisons was headed by these "Shepard Kings" for the lack of a better word?!? It wasn't until they had there 1st king, Saul's (@1000BC) that a codified Israel began to exist in history. [add Ahimelech, Judges 9]

http://2012.tribe.ne...ef-b5846476b744 (Excerpt)
During the final years of the Late Bronze Age, the Philistines also invaded Canaan (1500 - 1200 BC). Other evidence suggests that around 1200 BC, semi-nomads from the desert fringes to the east, joined by elements from Anatolia, the Aegean, and the south, possibly including Egypt, began to settle in the hill country of Canaan. A large proportion - probably a majority of this population - were refugees from the Canaanite city states, destroyed by the Egyptians in one of their periodic invasions.


http://www.britam.or...hazarEmpire.jpg
http://www.britam.or...s/hunempire.jpg
KhazarEmpire.jpg

hunempire.jpg

http://upload.wikime...-Choresmien.png

http://britam.org/khazars.html
Traditional Jewish and Armenian sources as well as a linguistic study (Baschmakoff, Paris 1937), based on place-names indicated that the Khazars could be connected to Adiabene and its area in the region of Northern Mesopotamia, i.e. to an area to which part of the Lost Ten Tribes had been exiled in 730-720 BCE.
Arab chroniclers record the Khazars as having been east of the Caspian Sea in the time of Alexander the Great (Dunlop). They also were said to have invaded Armenia in ca.197-217 CE and to have been subjected by the Armenians (Moses of Chorene). The Khazars assisted the Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate in 363 CE and managed to conquer Armenia with their ships dominating the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea was formerly known as “The Khazar Sea”. The Khazars were also known as “Gazari” and as “Akatzyri” and “Agathyrsoi”. In the past under the name Agathyrsoi they had been variously reported of in Thrace (south-east Europe), in the Pontus (north-east Turkey), in Poland, and towards the far north-eastern edge of the Baltic Sea shore. Servius on Virgil and Scottish sources said that the Picts of Scotland were descended from a portion of the Agathyrsoi who crossed the sea and conquered North Scotland. One branch of the Khazars were known as Sabirs. A group of “Sabarium” together with “Carnutum” had served in Gaul as Roman mercenaries. These have been ascribed both Anglo-Saxon and Central Asian origins (Altheim, GDH vol.1, p.209 ff, vol.4 p.108 ff). They used the runic “Ing” letter as their emblem. This sign is usually associated with the Angles and is of Scandinavian origin. [Raven origins?]

Central Asian and Scythian history can be confusing since there were many different groups, each of which often had several names. The names of one group were sometimes interchanged with that of another due to conquest or assimilation or one group taking over the former territory or status of the other. Another portion of the Khazars were the White Ugrians whom the Chinese described as tall, white-skinned, and green-eyed (McGovern p.472).

Around the 700s Viking “Varangians” began to penetrate the interior of Russia. The Varangians were mainly Swedish, though the term (in Russian Chronicles) could also be used to encompass anybody from Scandinavia, as well as Englishmen (E.B. 1955, “Russia”, Vernadsky). Varangians were confederated with the Khazars and may have been the Khazar entity referred to as the Varach’an (Warathan) Huns. [Kiev]

The Alans were a people who had lived to the north of the Caspian Sea then moved to the Caucasus area and north of it. Previously in the time of Attila, and before then (i.e. in the 400s CE), a section of the Alans had gone westward. They settled in areas of Gaul, especially in Brittany, and may have inluenced Norman military tactics (Bachrach). There were also groups of Alans amongst the Allemans in Alsace and in Suebia. In addition, the name “Alan” is found in Scotland both as a personal name and as the name of a Tribe in the north. In “The Tribes” the Alans are traced to Elon son of Zebulon. The letter continues to relate that the Alan monarch marched against the enemies of the Khazars and routed them. The King of the Alans had rendered assistance since “some of them observed the Torah of the Jews”. King Joseph of Khazaria himself was married to a daughter of the Alan ruler.

Three different types of Khazar are described by Arab writers who, through trade and diplomacy, had had direct contact with them. The Arab Geographer Istakhri (Koestler p.20) said: “The Khazars do not resemble the Turks. They are black-haired and of two kinds, one called the Kara [i.e. “Black”] - Khazars who are swarthy verging on deep black as if they were a kind of Hindu, and a white kind [Ak-Khazars], who are strikingly handsome”. Note the above description says that both kinds of Khazars had black hair though regarding countenance, etc. one was white and the other very dark. Al Maghribi said: “As to the Khazars, they are to the north of the inhabited earth towards the 7th clime, having over their heads the constellation of the plough. Their land is cold and wet, their eyes blue, their hair flowing and predominantly reddish, their bodies large and their natures cold. Their general aspect is wild”. Al-Maghribi is here apparently speaking of another section of the Khazars who lived more to the north. These had “predominantly reddish” hair and blue eyes. It was remarked above that the Khazar White Ugrians were described by the Chinese as red-haired, pale-skinned,and green-eyed. The Tartars of the Crimea nicknamed someone with red-hair "Cusa" meaning Khazar (Polak).

The Alans who were closely associated with the Khazars were described by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcelinus as being blonde-haired like all the Scythians according to him.

http://en.wikipedia....hirteenth_Tribe
In the book, Koestler advances the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people originating in and populating an empire north of and between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Koestler's hypothesis is that the Khazars converted to Judaism in the 8th century, and migrated westwards into current Eastern Europe (primarily Ukraine, Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Hungary and Germany) in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Khazar Empire was collapsing.

At the end of the book's last chapter, Koestler summarizes its content and his intentions as follows: "In Part One of this book I have attempted to trace the history of the Khazar Empire based on the scant existing sources. In Part Two, Chapters V-VII, I have compiled the historical evidence which indicates that the bulk of Eastern Jewry — and hence of world Jewry — is of Khazar-Turkish, rather than Semitic, origin. In the last chapter I have tried to show that the evidence from anthropology concurs with history in refuting the popular belief in a Jewish race descended from the biblical tribe."

http://upload.wikime...-Choresmien.png
246px-Karte_Map_Chorasan-Transoxanien-Choresmien.png


http://en.wikipedia....iki/Transoxiana
Transoxiana (also spelled Transoxiania, called Farârud (Persian) / Ma Wara'un-Nahr (Arabic) / Hé Zhōng (Chinese) is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya (Ancient Greek: Ώξος Ōxos) and Syr Darya rivers.

The region was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia under the name Sogdiana. Transoxiana, however, is Latin, and literally means "across the Oxus River", the Greek name for the Amu Darya, which describes the region perfectly from the viewpoint of the Greeks and Romans. The Arabic "mā warā' an-nāhr", "that which is beyond the river", is an alternative name for the country, and is also rendered Mawarannahr. See also Khwarezm and Greater Khorasan.

The name Transoxiana stuck in Western consciousness because of the exploits of Alexander the Great, who extended Greek culture into the region with his conquests of the 4th century BC; Transoxiana was the most northeastern point of the Hellenistic culture, and in fact kept a hybrid Greek/Persian/Chinese/Buddhist culture, dubbed 'Serindian', until the Arabic invasion.

The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria and Parthia along with Transoxiana in 126 BC, made the first known Chinese report on this region. Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization that farmed grain and grapes, made silver coins and leather goods.

The origins of the Khazars are unclear.
Uyghurs
Certain scholars, such as D. M. Dunlop and P. B. Golden, considered the Khazars to be connected with a Uyghur or Tiele confederation tribe called He'san in Chinese sources from the 7th-century (Suishu, 84). The Khazar language appears to have been an Oghuric tongue, similar to that spoken by the early Bulgars and corresponding to the modern day Chuvash dialects. P. B. Golden along with M. Artamonov and A. Novoseltsev claimed that the Khazars were a tribal union of Uyghur, Sabir, and some other Altaic Turkic people. That theory is favored among most of the post-Soviet Russian scholars.

Huns
A Hunnish origin has also been postulated, particularly as an Akatzir tribe, by such scholars as O. Pritsak and A. Gadlo. Khazars are mentioned after the fall of the Hunnic Attila Empire in 454. Since the Hun empire was not ethnically homogeneous, this proposal is not necessarily in conflict with others. It is likely that the Khazar nation itself was made up of tribes from various ethnic backgrounds, as steppe nations traditionally absorbed those they conquered. Their name would accordingly be derived from Turkic *qaz-, meaning "to wander, flee." Armenian chronicles contain references to the Khazars as early as the late 2nd century. These are generally regarded as anachronisms, and most scholars believe that they refer to Sarmatians or Scythians. Priscus stated that one of the nations in the Hunnish confederacy was called Akatziroi. Their king was named Karadach or Karidachus. Some, going on the similarity between Akatziroi and "Ak-Khazar" (see below), have speculated that the Akatziroi were early proto-Khazars.

Transoxiana origin
Dmitri Vasilyev of Astrakhan State University recently hypothesized [citation needed] that the Khazars moved in to the Pontic steppe region only in the late 6th century, and originally lived in Transoxiana. According to Vasilyev, Khazar populations remained behind in Transoxiana under Pecheneg and Oghuz suzerainty, possibly remaining in contact with the main body of their people. D. Ludwig claims that Khazars were driven out of the region by the rising Hephthalites. In September 2008, Vasilyev reported findings in Samosdelka that he thought represented a medieval Jewish capital. Dr Simon Kraiz, an expert on Eastern European Jewry at the University of Haifa, pointed out that no Khazar writings have been found: "We know a lot about them, and yet we know almost nothing: Jews wrote about them, and so did Russians, Georgians, and Armenians, to name a few. But from the Khazars themselves, we have nearly nothing."

http://dianarn.wordp...ashkenazi-jews/
By MANSUR MIROVALEV, Associated Press Writer Sat Sep 20, 2:13 PM ET [2008]

MOSCOW – A Russian archaeologist says he has found the lost capital of the Khazars, a powerful nation that adopted Judaism as its official religion more than 1,000 years ago, only to disappear leaving little trace of its culture. “The discovery of the capital of Eastern Europe’s first feudal state is of great significance,” he told The Associated Press. “We should view it as part of Russian history.” [Nordo-Russ lines cross here]

Others
Following the conversion to Judaism of the Khazarian royalty and aristocracy, their descendants began to claim origins in Kozar, a son of Togarmah [citation needed] [Origin of nations]. Togarmah is mentioned in Genesis (Chapter 10 verses 2 & 3) as a grandson of Japheth. Some scholars in the former USSR considered the Khazars to be an indigenous people of the North Caucasus, mostly Nakh peoples. They argue that the name khazar comes from the Chechen language, meaning beautiful valley.

http://en.wikipedia....able_of_Nations
The term Japhetic was also applied by the early linguists (brothers Grimm, William Jones, Rasmus C. Rask and others) to what later became known as the Indo-European language group, on the assumption that, if descended from Japheth, the principal languages of Europe would have a common origin, which apart from Uralic, Kartvelian, Pontic, Dagestanian, and Basque, appears to be the case.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khozarig
According to Khazar tradition as related in the Khazar Correspondence, Kozar was the name of the eponymous ancestor of the Khazar people. In King Joseph's Reply to Hasdai ibn Shaprut he is described as one of the sons of Togarmah and the brother of Bulgar, Ujur, Tauris, Avar, Uauz, Bizal, Tarna, Janur, and Sabir (Sawir).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars

Some scholars[who?] have speculated that the Akatziroi were in fact early Khazars, hypothesizing that their name derives from the Turkic "Ak-Khazar", or "White Khazar", the name of the group of tribes composing the warrior aristocracy of the Khazar nation. Alternatively, some[who?] have suggested that the name refers to the Thraco-Dacian tribe of the Agathyrsi.

http://en.wikipedia....Caucasian_Avars
The earliest mention of the Avars in European history at their current location is from Priscus, who declared that in 463 AD a mixed Saragur, Urog and Unogur embassy asked Byzantium for an alliance, having been dislodged by Sabirs in 461 due to the Avars' drive towards the west.[6] According to the head of the Soviet archaeological-ethnographic expedition of 1945 - 1948, these Caucasian Avars migrated to their present location from Khwarezm, which was originally populated by the Alarodian Hurrians from Subartu (which was to the south of Transcaucasian Iberia).[7] The Y-Chromosomal J Haplogroups typical for Avar men are still common today in the area of ancient Subartu.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akatziroi
One of the nations in the Hunnish tribal confederacy.[citation needed] The Akatziroi were ruled by a king called Karadach or Karidachus, and appear in the account of Priscus. Dengizich ruled them after Karadach.[citation needed]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karadach
Karadach (Karidachos) was a warlord of the Akatziroi (who some have linked to the later Khazar Khaganate) during the reign of Attila. A vassal of the Hunnish king, Karadach was courted by Roman diplomats as a potential ally against the Huns, but to no avail. He was succeeded by Dengizich.

http://www.fordham.e...ce/priscus1.asp
In the course of the feast, as the barbarians lauded Attila and we lauded the Emperor, Bigilas remarked that it was not fair to compare a man and a god, meaning Attila by the man and Theodosius by the god. The Huns grew excited and hot at this remark. But we turned the conversation in another direction, and soothed their wounded feelings; and after dinner, when we separated, Maximin presented Edecon and Orestes with silk garments and Indian gems....

.... that Edecon and his party might go on in front and inform Attila of our arrival. As we were dining in the evening we heard the sound of horses approaching, and two Scythians arrived with directions that we were to set out to Attila.

After him Zerkon, the Moorish dwarf, entered. He had been sent by Attila as a gift to Aetius, and Edecon had persuaded him to come to Attila in order to recover his wife, whom he had left behind him in Scythia; the lady was a Scythian whom he had obtained in marriage through the influence of his patron [Bleda- Bdin- Budapest] He did not succeed in recovering her, for Attila was angry with him for returning. On the occasion of the banquet he made his appearance, and threw all except Attila into fits of unquenchable laughter by his appearance, his dress, his voice, and his words, which were a confused jumble of Latin, Hunnic, and Gothic. Attila, however, remained immovable and of unchanging countenance nor by word or act did he betray anything approaching to a smile ... [There's akso a Scotta and numerous names that support this]

http://en.wikipedia....f_Khazar_rulers

http://en.wikipedia..../Ashkenazi_Jews
A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, relatively homogenous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort — that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group.

Welcome to Asgardia ...
 
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