Ok just to update for the last time ... before vacation.
The Phoenicians - Their Past and Legacy
http://www.historum....ast-legacy.html
The Phoenicians - Their Legacy and Past
http://www.historum....egacy-past.html
http://en.wikipedia....uous_habitation
Larnaca Alashiya Cyprus -1400 ! c. 1400 BC Mycenaean, then Phoenician colony
Lisbon Iron Age Iberia Portugal -1200 ! c. 1200 BC A settlement since the Neolithic. Allis Ubbo, arguably a Phoenician name, became Olissipo(-nis) in Greek and Latin (also Felicitas Julia after Roman conquest in 205 BC).
Cádiz Iron Age Iberia SpaAndalusia, Spain -1100 ! 1100 BC founded as Phoenician Gadir, "Europe's oldest city"
http://www.christian...l/page__st__120
Last Post Time Excerpts Language Culture
x. 1100 BC—Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria conquers the Hittites.
c. 1100 BC—The Dorians invade Ancient Greece.
c. 1100 BC—Mycenaean era ends with the destruction of that civilisation. The collapse of Mycenaean dominance starts.
c. 1100 BC—Late Minoan culture ends.
c. 1100 BC—Greek Dark Ages begin.
c. 1100 BC—Beginning of the proto-Villanovan culture in northern Italy.
c. 1100 BC—The New Kingdom in Egypt comes to an end.
c. 1100 BC—Shang Dynasty ends in China.
a. 1100 BC-King David is ruler over Israel.
c. 1100 BC—Zarathustra is born. [Or 650-500 BC]
a. 1100 BC—Alphabet developed by Phoenicians.
a. 1100 BC—MUL.APIN developed by Assyrians: an ancient catalog of constellations.
c. 1100 BC- Hamath is renowned for its 17 norias [wheels with pots-waterwheels] used for irrigation. Though historically used for purpose of irrigation, the norias exist today as [a aesthetic tourist attraction].
x. 1000-900-The Stepped Stone Structure is the name given to the remains at a particular archaeological site on the eastern side of the City of David. Kathleen Kenyon dated the structure to the start of Iron Age II ( Macalister believed it to be Jebusite).
x. 842 BC—Shalmaneser III devastates the territory of Damascus; Israel and the Phoenician cities send tribute.
http://www.historum....t-language.html
With the appearance of alphabetic writing in the Early Iron Age, the number of attested languages increases. With the emergence of the Brahmic family of scripts, languages of India are attested from after about 300 BC.
* Phoenician - about 1000 BC
* Aramaic - c. 950 BC
* Hebrew - c. 950 BC: Gezer calendar
* Phrygian - c. 800 BC
* Moabite - c. 800 BC
* Ammonite - c. 800 BC
* Old North Arabian - c. 800 BC
* Old South Arabian - c. 800 BC
* Etruscan - c. 700 BC
* Umbrian - c. 600 BC
* North Picene - c. 600 BC
* Lepontic - c. 600 BC
* Tartessian - c. 600 BC
* Lydian - c. 600 BC
* Carian - c. 600 BC
* Eteocypriot - c. 600 BC
* Thracian c. 6th c.BC
* Venetic c. 6th c.BC
* Old Persian - 525 BC: Behistun inscription
* Latin - c. 500 BC: Duenos Inscription
http://www.christian...al/page__st__30
The months were originally referred to in the Bible by number rather than name. Only four pre-exilic month names appear in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible): Aviv (first; literally "Spring", but originally probably meant the ripening of barley), Ziv (second; literally "Light"), Ethanim (seventh; literally "Strong" in plural, perhaps referring to strong rains), and Bul (eighth), and all are Canaanite names, and at least two are Phoenician (Northern Canaanite). It is possible that all of the months were initially identifiable by native Jewish numbers or foreign Canaanite/Phoenician names, but other names do not appear in the Bible.
http://www.unexplain...howtopic=197489
http://www.stoneworl...M100000f932a8c0
In about 560 AD, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian appropriated eight of the columns for the basilica of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (Istanbul). The ceiling of the portico is of carved limestone decorated with scenes of the gods in action--Vulcan with his hammer, Diana with her bow and quiver of arrows, a winged Victory. Excavations indicate the site was occupied as early as 2300 BC by the Phoenicians, a sea-faring people known in the Bible as the Canaanites who worshipped the god Baal. When Alexander the Great marched through the Beqa'a Valley on the way to Damascus in 334 BC, Baalbek was known as Heliopolis, the "city of the sun," the name given to this important religious center by the Ptolemies of Egypt, the rulers of the time.
http://www.christian...post__p__100755
In many of the Crimea cemetery monuments we find frequent reference to the house of Omri, Khomri, Kymri, Camera, and Cimmerian. The same names me found in Assyrian and Greek writings and always spoken of as connected with the captivity of Israel. An example is an Assyrian tablet of Esarhaddon (681 B.C.) that bears the name of "Teuspa the Cimmerian," whom it was said, was the leader of the tribe from Israel who loved freedom more than life.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrgi
http://en.wikipedia....i/Pyrgi_Tablets
http://www.historum....n-etruscii.html
The Pyrgi Tablets are [a record of] three golden leaves [regarding] a dedication made around 500 BC by Thefarie Velianas, king of Caere, to the Phoenician goddess Ashtaret. Pyrgi was the port of the southern Etruscan town of Caere. Two of the tablets are inscribed in the Etruscan language, the third in Phoenician. These writings found in a 1964 excavation of a sanctuary of ancient Pyrgi on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeker
http://www.christian...981#entry118981
The Tjeker conquered the city-state of Dor, on the coast of Canaan near modern Haifa, and turned it into a large, well-fortified city, the center of a Tjeker kingdom that is confirmed archaeologically in the northern Sharon plain; it was violently destroyed in the mid-11th century BCE, firing the mud bricks red and depositing a huge layer of ash and debris. Ephraim Stern connects the destruction with the contemporary expansion of the Phoenicians, which was checked by the Philistines further south and the Israelites. No mention of the Tjeker is made after that time, the period of archaeological and literary silence. The Tjeker are one of the few of the Sea Peoples for whom a ruler's name is recorded - in the 11th-century papyrus account of Wenamun, an Egyptian priest, the ruler of Dor is given as "Beder". After two intermediate occupations, the earlier of which has yielded imported Cypriote ceramics as well as Phoenician wares and is followed by a well-stratified and important Phoenician presence in the early 10th century the site of Dor fell to the Israelites under David.
http://www.historum....nderings-6.html
Wickerman here [who I agree with alot in this thread] states :
Are you familiar with the Cinekoy bilingual?
"The base bears a short, eleven-clause bilingual inscription in Hieroglyphic Luwian and Phoenician very close in style to that of the Karatepe inscription. The author gives his name as Warika (Phoen. w [...]), who may be confidently identified with Awariku, king of Adana (wa) named in the Karatepe inscription. Warika styles himself as "son of [...], grandson of [Mukjsa (Phoen. "descendant ('sph) of MPS"), kingb of Hiyawa (= Phoen. DNNYM)." Among the notable features of the. inscription are the claim of descent from Muksa/MPS (i.e., Mopsos of Greek legend) and the equation of Phoenician DNNYM not with Adana(wa) as in Karatepe, but with Hiyawa, It is clear that this latter toponym is reflected in the Assyrian name for Plain Cilicia, Qawe/Que, normally determined KUR "land," but URU "city" by Shalmaneser III in a context that suggests it refers specifically to the city Adana unattested in Assyrian sources. This is supported by the fact the mvQue is the Assyrian designation of the province of Cilicia, named, as was usual, after the capital city. In Luwiân térras^ it would seem that Hiyawa referred to the country and Adana (wa) to the city. "CILICIA, THE AMUQ, AND ALEPPO: NEW LIGHT IN A DARK AGE, David J Hawkins, 2009. It appears from this that Adana was bilingual, Luwian/Phoenician. No evidence of Adana speaking Greek in the 8th century BCE.
Without going into to much detail here, [keywords: Luwain, Phoenician, [Hebrew - Danaan, Trojan - Luwain, Greek], Cilicia & Taurus connections highly mythogized, Mopsus, Hiyawa (= Phoen. DNNYM), KUR, [Carian, David's bodyguards, marsh dwellers, Pan, Heruli].
http://en.wikipedia....ory_of_Cornwall
http://www.christian...981#entry118981
Historical sources such as Strabo, though not entirely reliable, state that the Phoenicians traded tin with Cornwall. There is no archaeological evidence for this. Some modern historians have attempted to debunk earlier antiquarian constructions of "the Phoenician legacy of Cornwall."
http://en.wikipedia....nwall_and_Devon
Mining in Cornwall has existed from the early Bronze Age around 2150 BC. Cornwall was traditionally thought to have been visited by metal traders from the eastern Mediterranean. However, it is likely that the tin trade with the Mediterranean was controlled by the Veneti. Britain was one of the places proposed for the Cassiterides, that is Tin Islands.
As demand for bronze grew in the Middle East the local supplies of tin ore (casserite) became used up and searches were made over all the known world for new supplies, including Britain. Control of the tin trade seems to have been in Phoenician hands and they kept their sources secret. The Greeks understood that tin came from the Cassiterides, the "tin islands", of which the geographical identity is debated.
By 500 BC Hecataeus knew of islands beyond Gaul where tin was obtained. Pytheas of Massalia travelled to Britain about 325 BC where he found a flourishing tin trade, according to the late report of his voyage. Posidonius referred to the tin trade with Britain around 90 BC but Strabo in about 18 AD did not list tin as one of Britain's exports. This is likely to be because Rome was obtaining its tin from Spain at the time. Camden identified the Cassiterides with the Scilly Isles and gave first currency to the belief that the Phoenicians traded to Britain. However, there is no tin mining on the Scilly Isles apart from minor exploratory excavations. Timothy Champion found it likely that the trade of the Phoenicians with Britain was indirect and under the control of the Veneti of Brittany. The Rillaton Cup and the Pelynt Dagger are two artifacts that have been found in Cornwall that show contact with the Mycenaean Greek world.
http://www.unexplain...howtopic=201156
The Abbe de Fontenu proved that the Phoenicians, the name by which the tribe of Asher was known after the Conquest of the Phoenician territory, had an established trade with Britain before the Trojan war, 1190 B.C. Admiral Himilco of Carthage, who visited Britain about the sixth century B.C. to explore 'the outer parts of Europe', records that the Britons were 'a powerful race, proud-spirited, effectively skilful in art, and constantly busy with the cares of trade.
http://www.christian...l/page__st__180
Early antiquarian scholar, Aylett Sammes, published his extensive research in 1676 in a work entitled, THE ANTIQUITIES OF ANCIENT BRITAIN DERIVED FROM THE PHOENICIANS. He pointed out (p. 58) that the Danites were also known in British history as 'Damnonii,'but that 'the transposition is very easy and usual, and hides not at all the original, Dan.'The Danites settled especially in southwestern Britain's 'Phoenician' tin districts, he says, adding that in this area many rivers, cities, and hills have names compounded with the tribal name, 'Dan.'
http://www.christian...__1#entry112472
THE HEBREW - CELTIC CONNECTION (Language, Cultural and Religious Ties! - A Missing Link In Fulfilled Prophecy)
THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE EARLY IRISH-CELTIC AND THE 2ND CENTURY, B.C., HEBREW-PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE, AS SHOWN BY THE PENULUS OF PLAUTUS:
PHOENICIAN OF PLAUTUS:
Byth lym mo thym nociothii nel ech an ti daisc machon
Ys i do iebrim thyfe lyth chy lya chon temlyph ula.
EARLY IRISH-CELTIC:
Beth liom' mo thime nociaithe, niel ach an ti dairie mae coinne
Is i de leabhraim tafach leith, chi lis con teampluibh ulla.
In 1772, General Charles Vallancey, a leading Irish scholar of the day, published his famous work, Essay On The Antiquity Of The Irish Language, Being A Collation Of The Irish With The Punic (Hebrew) Language. In his opening remarks he states, 'On a collation of the Irish with the Celtic, Punic, Phoenician and Hebrew languages, the strongest affinity, (nay a perfect Identity in very many Words) will appear, it may therefore be deemed a Punic-Celtic compound.' Vallancey continues, 'from the Hebrew proceeded the Phoenician, from the Phoenician, Carthaginian, or Punic was derived the Aeolian, Dorian and Etruscan and from these was formed the Latin ... Of the Roman Saxon capital letters, the Irish use but three, all the others bear a very great resemblance to the primitive Hebrew and Phoenician.' (p. 2-3)
http://planetvermont.../megaliths.html
The Phoenicians and the Kelts lived in Iberia together for generations—perhaps as long as 500 years side by side. They were ancient enemies of the Romans, great warriors, tradesmen and seamen. It would seem logical that they would venture together across the Atlantic for economic opportunities and to find freedom from Roman oppression. Judging from the similarity of the megalithic structures found ... in Spain, Brittany, Portugal and Britain and ... because it was these same Kelts who had lived side by side with the Phoenicians in ancient Iberian seafaring settlements, exchanging writing styles and languages. Further, the linguistic idiosyncrasies found beside the Keltic inscriptions at Mystery Hill appeared to be unique to a Punic style used in the period from 800 to 500 B.C.
http://www.biblebeli...ation04.htm#THE
The early Irish historians further deduced their origins lay with the Phoenician colonists who had also previously settled that Spanish Peninsula, later to migrate to Ireland. In this context it is of additional interest to note that the ancient Greeks once held the Phoenician nation to have been founded by Phoenix, whose brother Cadmus had invented the alphabet. Likewise, the Irish also recalled the time when they lived under a king named "Phenius, who devoted himself especially to the study of languages, and composed an alphabet and the elements of grammar." It is agreed among scholars the system of alphabetic writing originated among the Phoenicians, and this is deduced from hard and independent archaeological evidence, not Irish myths. So it is clear at the very least, the early Irish chroniclers were passing on an account, albeit garbled in places, of authentic historical events, and of the equally historic descent of their own race from Phoenician and/or Scythian stock (see Table 1).
http://jesusneverexi...pic=2750.0;wap2
All that is lacking is some kind of genetic proof that Phoenicians and Jews traveled to Britain 'in ancient time', but it appears that cold science has now provided further evidence of this. So, I’ll let Keith tell his story in his own words and you can make of it what you will. 'My motivation for testing my DNA came from my interest in tracing my family and constructing my Family Tree. I have been tracing my family for a few years and after reading about DNA testing and watching TV programs, one in particular that caught my attention was about the National Geographic Genographic Project. It appealed to me to let them do the testing, because it not only gave me the information I was looking for, but it also added to our greater knowledge of the movement of human beings around the planet.' Keith then goes on to say that when he first decided to try to trace his family, he did so out of curiosity and because of medical reasons. He describes two inherited ailments that haven’t really bothered him, but he’s certain that one of them was passed down to him by females on one side of his family. 'I had a feeling it had been passed to me by my mother but I had no proof of this, so tracing my Wilce family and later testing my DNA would give me a clue.
'Imagine my surprise when my MT DNA came back as possible Ashkenazi Jewish Ancestry, Haplogroup K, semi refined to K2b, and my Y Chromosome DNA as Haplogroup T-M70 with possible Phoenician Ancestry! Shocked wasn’t the word for it. My MT Haplogroup K DNA, through Family Tree DNA, yielded a total of 2780 Matches worldwide, with 900 close matches. My Y DNA yielded only 2 matches! Of course, these are only matches against those that have tested their DNA, but even so I was staggered by the rarity of my Male DNA lineage. In Wales the percentage of the population with the T-M70 DNA is only half a percent around 2,000 people. The percentages are very small in Europe; 0.5% in England and Scotland, it’s a bit higher in southern Spain and the South of France, and it’s very high in Ibiza and Sicily. Of course, it’s found in Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and other parts of the Middle East.' I can understand Keith’s reaction upon learning that he had Phoenician and Jewish ancestry, so it didn’t surprise me when I read his next thoughts on the possible implications of this. '2,000 people in Wales could mean one common ancestor 80 generations, 2,000 years ago? It’s not beyond the bounds of probability.' Indeed not. 'National Geographic say that it is believed the Phoenicians carried the DNA around the Mediterranean.
