@Hobie's OP:
What does Long Term Cannabis Use Do to the Body?
Marijuana is an addictive psychotropic drug and a gateway drug.
The claim that marijuana is not addictive is false. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a recognized psychiatric diagnosis in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5),
page 509, defined as continued cannabis use despite clinically significant impairment. The DSM-5 also recognizes a cannabis withdrawal syndrome: dysphoria, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, decreased appetite, and restlessness that typically begin within the first week of abstinence and resolve over 1-3 weeks.
By the numbers: approximately 30% of all cannabis users develop CUD at some point. Among those who use daily or near-daily, 17-19% develop dependence. In 2024, nearly 7% of all US teens and adults met the diagnostic criteria for CUD; among those aged 18-25, the rate was nearly 16%. Among teenagers ages 12-17 who use cannabis, 45.2% meet criteria for a substance use disorder. The American Academy of Pediatrics calls this a public health emergency.
The comparison to other drugs is instructive. Roughly 9% of tobacco users become dependent, 15% of alcohol users, 23% of heroin users, and 30% of cannabis users. Cannabis is more addictive than tobacco by this measure. The common cultural framing, that weed is harmless and non-addictive while tobacco is dangerous, does not survive contact with the data.
Daily cannabis users are 5 times more likely to develop psychosis than non-users. The association between high-potency cannabis and psychosis is particularly strong: users of 30%-plus THC products show dramatically elevated psychosis risk compared to users of lower-potency products. A 2019 European multicenter study published in The Lancet found that use of high-potency cannabis products was associated with 5 times the risk of psychotic disorder compared to non-use. In cities where the most potent strains dominated the market, such as Amsterdam and London, the investigators attributed nearly half of the new psychosis cases to cannabis use.
Total US cannabis use has surged. In 2024, 44.3 million Americans used cannabis monthly. Cannabis use rates among adults now exceed tobacco use rates for the first time in American history. Rates of substance use disorder involving marijuana are 3.7 times higher in 2024 than in 2015. This is not a stable situation; it is an accelerating one.
References:
Freeman T, et al. Changes in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations in cannabis over time: systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 2020.
ElSohly MA, et al. Changes in cannabis potency over the last two decades (1995-2014): analysis of current data in the United States. Biological Psychiatry, 2016.
Lac A, Luk JW. Testing the amotivational syndrome: marijuana use longitudinally predicts lower self-efficacy even after controlling for demographics, personality, and alcohol and cigarette use. Prevention Science, 2018.
Martz ME, et al. Association of marijuana use with blunted nucleus accumbens response to reward anticipation. JAMA Psychiatry, 2016.
Di Forti M, et al. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2019.
Hasin DS, et al. Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 2015.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2024.
Freeman TP, Winstock AR. Examining the profile of high-potency cannabis and its association with severity of cannabis dependence. Psychological Medicine, 2015.
Monitoring the Future Survey. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2023.
Cannabis Use Disorder. StatPearls. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), updated 2025.
Sorry to bust your buzz with this one.