Are these verses speaking to the fate of establishment Jews that rejected Jesus culminating in 70 AD?
In Matthew 8, Jesus is talking about the coming of his kingdom, when all the people who thought that they will be part of it will lose out, and Gentiles like the Roman centurion will enter it.
In chapter 13, it is Jesus' explanation of the Parables of the Weeds and the Wheat and the Fishing Net concerning the end of the age:
Mat 13:40 Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the age.
Mat 13:41 The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all causes of sin and all law-breakers,
Mat 13:42 and throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Mat 13:47 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was thrown into the sea and gathered fish of every kind.
Mat 13:48 When it was full, men drew it ashore and sat down and sorted the good into containers but threw away the bad.
Mat 13:49 So it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come out and separate the evil from the righteous
Mat 13:50 and throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
In chapter 24, Jesus combines his descriptions of the destruction of the temple and his second coming and follows them with a parable at the end:
Mat 24:48 But if that wicked servant says to himself, ‘My master is delayed,’
Mat 24:49 and begins to beat his fellow servants and eats and drinks with drunkards,
Mat 24:50 the master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he does not know
Mat 24:51 and will cut him in pieces and put him with the hypocrites. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
The end of the age has yet to come:
Luk 13:23 And someone said to him, “Lord, will those who are saved be few?” And he said to them,
Luk 13:24 “Strive to enter through the narrow door. For many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able.
Luk 13:25 When once the master of the house has risen and shut the door, and you begin to stand outside and to knock at the door, saying, ‘Lord, open to us,’ then he will answer you, ‘I do not know where you come from.’
Luk 13:26 Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’
Luk 13:27 But he will say, ‘I tell you, I do not know where you come from. Depart from me, all you workers of evil!’
Luk 13:28 In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God but you yourselves cast out.
Luk 13:29 And people will come from east and west, and from north and south, and recline at table in the kingdom of God.
Luk 13:30 And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”
The scope of Jesus' description in all these passages is much larger than the Jews who experience the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70; it involves all of humanity.