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Dixon's statistical methodology, unlike Colwells', was to begin with anarthrous PNs (as opposed to only examining those PNs that were definite), and determine the semantic force of each. His statistical analysis substantiates Harner's findings: "When the anarthrous predicate nominative...

Phillip B. Harner The impact of Phillip B. Harner's study of qualitative anarthrous predicate nouns on the interpretation of John 1:1 cannot be overemphasized. Harner noted that "Colwell was almost entirely concerned with the question whether anarthrous predicate nouns were definite or...

At the same time, the vast majority of commentators (e.g., Carson) and some grammarians (e.g., Metzger) have accepted Colwell's conclusions regarding John 1:1, as has at least one major study (see Lane McGaughy, below). As with their earlier counterparts, these more recent scholars do not...

It is important to note that these scholars did not use the term "qualitative" to describe their view of THEOS in John 1:1c. Prior to Phillip B. Harner's study of qualitative anarthrous predicate nouns (see below), "qualitative" nouns were viewed more or less as indefinite nouns. These...

THEOS ÊN HO LOGOS. The first task of the translator faced with this clause is to determine the subject. In most sentences or clauses (such as John 1:1b), the noun in the nominative case is the subject. The noun in the accusative case is the direct object. However, in Greek, "copulative"...

PROS with the acc[usative] of a person, after verbs of remaining, dwelling, tarrying, etc. (which require one to be conceived of as always turned towards one)...after EIMI...Jn i.1 (Thayer). be (in company) with someone...J 1:1f (BAGD). a marker of association, often with the implication of...

https://www.bsw.org/biblica/vol-93-2012/the-worship-of-jesus-in-the-gospel-of-matthew/495/ en arch hn`o logoV, kai`o logoV hn proV ton qeon, kai qeoV hn`o logoV. EN ARCHÊ ÊN hO LOGOS, KAI hO LOGOS ÊN PROS TON THEON, KAI THEOS ÊN hO LOGOS. In [the] beginning was the Word, and the Word was...

https://www.puritanboard.com/threads/exegetical-insight-on-john-1-1c-by-daniel-wallace.72459/ This phrase is a stark statement of the deity of Christ. The Word was in His essence God; He had the proper essentials of deity. He in every sense had the qualities of God Himself. The Word was God’s...

What all this shows is that there is no hard and fast rule that can be applied when it comes to making decisions about the definiteness, indefiniteness, or qualitativeness of the author’s intent with anarthrous predicate nominatives. We are forced to make that decision based on other factors...

1 Corinthians 3:19, ἡ γὰρ σοφία τοῦ κόσμου τούτου μωρία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ ἐστιν (“For the wisdom of this world is foolishness before God”) 1 Thessalonians 1:6, ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ ἡμῶν ἐγενήθητε (“You became imitators of us”) – Likely not “some” or “the” imitators, but those with the quality of imitation. 1...

Anarthrous Predicate Nominatives preceding the verb where a definite interpretation seems the most likely possibility: Matthew 5:34, θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ θεοῦ (“it is the throne of God”) – There is only one throne of God. Matthew 5:35, μήτε εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, ὅτι πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως (“nor...

We would not expect to see this many definite anarthrous predicate nominatives following the stative verb if Colwell’s Rule applied, unless he would argue that many of these predicate nominatives are not definite nouns to begin with. Anarthrous Predicate Nominatives following the verb where a...

A case could be made three times for adjectives acting as substantives and therefore as predicate nominatives: · Mark 6:35, ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος (“This place is a desert [literally, deserted]”) · John 9:30, τὸ θαυμαστόν ἐστιν (“It is the marvelous”) · Jn 18:15, ὁ δὲ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος ἦν γνωστὸς...

Examples are: · Matthew 3:3, οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ῥηθεὶς διὰ Ἠσαΐου (“For this is the one who spoke through Isaiah”) · Revelation 14:4, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἳ μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν (“These are those who did not defile themselves with women”) There are 17 instances of unstated but understood...

Examples from each category are: · John 15:1b, καὶ ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ γεωργός ἐστιν (“and my Father is the vinedresser”) · Luke 8:11b, ὁ σπόρος ἐστὶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (“The seed is the word of God”) · Ephesians 5:23a, ἀνήρ ἐστιν κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς (“the husband is the head of the wife”) · John...

Examples from each category are: · Matthew 3:17, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (“This one is the Son of Me, the beloved one”) · John 1:21c, ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύ (“Are you the prophet?”) · Ephesians 1:14, ὅ ἐστιν ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν (“He is the downpayment of our inheritance”) · John...

So it is impossible to say that a “definite” noun must always be definite. Consequently, it is best not to think of this as a category for our investigation of word order signaling whether an anarthrous predicate nominative is definite, indefinite or qualitative. As to word order as a clue, an...

When it comes to anarthrous predicate nominatives, things get a bit more complicated. The reason for this is that despite the lack of an article a Greek speaker could still intend that noun to be definite. And if not, the noun could be indefinite or qualitative. Is there no sure way to tell? It...

A little NT Grammar all: Predicate Nominatives in the New Testament and the “Problem” of John 1:1 and Other Passages A predicate nominative in the New Testament is, by definition, a noun in the nominative case that is linked by a stative or copulative verb to the subject of that verb and thus...

I am the image of myself. "image--exact likeness and perfect Representative. Adam was made "in the image of God" (Gen 1:27). But Christ, the second Adam, perfectly reflected visibly "the invisible God" (1Ti 1:17), whose glories the first Adam only in part represented. "Image" (eicon) involves...