Isaiah 45:
Let's see the context, Colossians 1:
Is there anything outside of this framework?
No, except the uncreated God himself.
1 John 1:
How can all things hold together in him1 if there is no darkness in him2?
him1 refers to the universal framework; him2 refers to God as the moral agent. They do not refer to the same entity.
In him, all things hold together. Would that include darkness?
If by "darkness", you mean dark materials in the universe, then yes.
If by "darkness", you mean evil, then no.
1 John 1:7 I form light and create darkness.
But then, Colossians 1:5 God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.
How can all things hold together in him if there is no darkness in him? Is the darkness that he created in him?17 he is before all things, and in him all things hold together.
Let's see the context, Colossians 1:
The word "all" appears 5 times in this passage. The phrase "in him" appears twice. Paul depicts a unifying and universal framework in which all created things exist. All normal matter, dark matter, and dark energy exist in this universal framework.15 The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. 16 For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him. 17He is before all things, and in him all things hold together.
Is there anything outside of this framework?
No, except the uncreated God himself.
1 John 1:
This metaphor refers to God as a person, not as the universal framework. God is a moral agent as a person.5 God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.
How can all things hold together in him1 if there is no darkness in him2?
him1 refers to the universal framework; him2 refers to God as the moral agent. They do not refer to the same entity.
In him, all things hold together. Would that include darkness?
If by "darkness", you mean dark materials in the universe, then yes.
If by "darkness", you mean evil, then no.