JPS Tanakh 1917, Isaiah 7:
1, H5959, almah, 7 occurrences. A young woman or a virgin. H5959 is ambiguous.
2. H1330, betulah, 50 occurrences. Virgin.
3. H5291, 63 occurrences. Damsel, a young unmarried woman, may or may not be a virgin. Ruth was one.
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges:
Cambridge explained this way:
There are 3 Hebrew words with similar meanings:14 Therefore the Lord Himself shall give you a sign: behold, the young woman [H5959] shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
1, H5959, almah, 7 occurrences. A young woman or a virgin. H5959 is ambiguous.
2. H1330, betulah, 50 occurrences. Virgin.
3. H5291, 63 occurrences. Damsel, a young unmarried woman, may or may not be a virgin. Ruth was one.
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
G3933 παρθένος appears 15 times in the NT.Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; behold, a virgin [G3939] shall conceive in the womb, and shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Emmanuel.
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges:
Why did LXX translate H5959 as παρθένος (G3933)?The Christian Fathers … resolutely upheld the correctness of the LXX., although the post-Christian Greek versions of Aquila, Theodotion and Symmachus agree in rendering the word by νεᾶνις.
Cambridge explained this way:
The LXX translators did it deliberately. Why?It is almost incredible that the use of the word παρθένος for ‘almâh in so important a connexion should be due to mere laxity on the part of the translator.
Two centuries before Christ, the LXX translators believed that Isaiah 7:14 prophesied the virgin birth of the coming Messiah.More probably it expresses a belief current in Jewish circles that the Messiah was to be born of a virgin. A good deal of evidence has been adduced to shew that such an expectation actually prevailed amongst both Alexandrian and Palestinian Jews [35], and if it existed it could hardly fail to influence the exegesis of this prophecy.