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“The history of Caesarea Philippi is written in the changes of its name. Originally it was Balinas, for it was the centre of the worship of Baal; then it became Panias, for men regarded it as the birthplace of the Greek god Pan; then it became Caesarea, because it was the city where Caesar was...

None of the Protestant commentators I’ve quoted are Catholic dupes. They oppose the Catholic position. I oppose the Catholic position. Catholics are welcome to support it in my thread. All options should be considered.

“(v) There remains one strange fact to add. It seems that Caesarea Philippi possessed the right of asylum; it was a place where the fugitive could find shelter and be safe. An inscription describes it as: ‘August, sacred, with the rights of sanctuary, under Paneion.’ In its history Caesarea...

The Protestant commentaries I quoted addressed it. Read widely, deeply, thoughtfully and critically. No.

I’m not Catholic and it isn’t my theology. I’m a Jewish monotheist. You will see - if you take the time to do it - that’ve I’ve posted commentary which opposes the Catholic position.

“(iv) But there was something even more impressive yet at Caesarea Philippi. In the time of Jesus Caesarea Philippi was one of the most beautiful cities in the East. In 20 BC Augustus had given it as a gift to Herod the Great; and Herod had built on the hill-top a great white temple of gleaming...

“(iii) Still further, it was within this cavern that the River Jordan was said to have its source and origin. Josephus describes it: ‘There is a very fine cave in a mountain, under which there is a great cavity in the earth; and the cavern is abrupt, and prodigously deep, and full of still...

“(ii) In Caesarea Philippi the ancient gods of Greece also had their dwelling place. On the hillside there was a grotto or cave with a fountain of waters within it which was said to have been the birthplace of Pan, the god of nature. To this day the inscription ‘To Pan and the Nymphs’ can be...

Barclay has much more to say which I think you’ll find and appreciate supports much of what you wrote.

I don’t think they did either.

“So they came to Caesarea Philippi, and it was against the background of Caesarea Philippi that Jesus asked the most important of all questions and received the greatest of all answers. That background makes the question of Jesus and the answer of Peter all the more astonishing. There could have...

None. All of the churches established by the apostles were of equal authority. A hierarchy came later in church history.

“And upon this rock … - This passage has given rise to many different interpretations. Some have supposed that the word ‘rock’ refers to Peter’s confession, and that Jesus meant to say, upon this rock, this truth that thou hast confessed, that I am the Messiah and upon confessions of this from...

The foundation of the church, as Paul pointed out in Ephesians 2:19-20, is the apostles and prophets, with the Messiah being the cornerstone.

The Jerusalem church hosted the Council meeting, circa AD 50. The apostles had left Jerusalem years earlier on their missionary trips. James, as you pointed out, was the head of the poor Jerusalem church. I don’t think it was so much that the Jerusalem church had the highest authority of the...

That’s right. Why was that the case?

“So then you are no longer foreigners and noncitizens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, because you have been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone.” (Ephesians 2:19-29, NET)