This is the type of stuff that causes me to question the authenticity of some of the scriptures.
Exodus 21:20-21 NIV
20 “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, 21 but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.
Thousands of years ago, prior to the fullness of Revelation with the Incarnation of Jesus Christ (see Heb. 1:1-4), God dealt with the ancient Israelites where they were, which included the owning of slaves. Slaves were considered property in ancient Israel, as they were in the surrounding non-Israelite culture. Yet, God morally gradually exhorted the Israelites to see the humanity of their slaves, as the Scripture you quoted illustrates.
Keep in mind, too, that “slavery” in the Old Testament context does not mean what most people today, especially in America with the evils of slavery in its not-too-distant past, have in mind. There are at least three different ways to use the term.
There is the “chattel slavery” that most people call to mind, which involves forcing people into service indefinitely, unwavering cruelty, and the reduction of people to mere property. Although this was common in the African-American slave trade (and gravely wrong), it’s not what the Old Testament describes.
Old Testament slavery commonly refers to a process of
indentured servitude that the poor and destitute (or those with enormous debts) would make use of temporarily. They could “sell themselves” as servants (“slaves”) to pay off a debt or obtain sustenance for themselves and their families in a time and place with no government welfare programs. Although this type of “slavery” is a hard thing to experience, it is not intrinsically wrong.
Sometimes “slavery” refers to
penal servitude in which where wrongdoers are punished with forced labor. This is also not wrong in itself (even today, some criminal punishments include “community service”), although depending on circumstances it may not always be prudent.