Hosea 1:10-11 foretold:
the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God. Then shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Jezreel.
This is a very powerful, pivotal and enlightening prophecy. It is predicting the ingathering of the Gentiles into the Israel of God. Hosea is looking forward to the new covenant period where the Gentile would enter into covenant relationship with Almighty God and as a result Jewish believers. True Israel is predicted here to grow to a mighty number (as the “sand of the sea”). How would this happen? It would happen by the conversion of countless foreigners who were outside of God’s special covenant of grace with national Israel. It would see countless millions of blinded heathens coming to faith in Israel’s Messiah.
The children of Israel would no longer be limited to ethnic Jews. They would be joined in the camp of Israel with believing Gentiles who would become “the sons of the living God.” This reading confirms: “in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God.”
What a transformation! What a turn around. The sons of the living God – true Israel – would now include Jew and Gentiles alike. This occurred with the earthly ministry of Christ. He was indeed the “one head” that was anticipated that all sinners would give their allegiance to. Through the cross, there is no separation between Old Testament saints and New Testament saints. In fact it has been totally demolished because of Calvary.
Hosea 2:23 dovetails with this prediction:
And I will sow her unto me in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them which were not my people, Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art my God.
The Israel of God is expressly shown to not be restricted to the physical earthly nation of Israel or any other physical nation, as of the flesh, but rather to the spiritual seed of Abraham – the spiritual Israel that is born from above. The early disciples were faithful Israel functioned in the covenant promises pertaining to Israel, including extending out the salvation to the nations. The Abrahamic promises, and many other Old Testament prophecies were realized in the advance of the new covenant congregation of God (
ekklesia).
Those who were aliens to God’s grace and heathen by nature have been assimilated into God’s Israel and become “the children of the living God.” There is no higher designation that man could possess. The personal titles that are used show us that we are looking at a spiritually regenerated people from the Gentiles who were enemies of God (“not my people”) and are now the people of God.
Paul addresses these Old Testament prophecies in his great election discourse in Romans 9. He applies these to the enlightenment of the Gentiles and their being brought into the New Testament Church. He shows how true Israel has expanded out to embrace countless heathens. In perfect fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy, the Gentiles have been brought into full union and communion with God, on the same basis as Israel’s remnant community, and have become a part of the spiritual seed of Abraham, through faith in Christ and His atoning sacrifice.
Paul teaches in Romans 9:22-26,
What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction: And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory, Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles? As he saith also in Osee (Hosea 2:23), I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved. And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God (Hosea 1:10).
Paul uses Hosea to show how God's heart has always been to expand His mercy and adopt those who were alienated, bringing both Jews and Gentiles together into one spiritual body of believers. Central to Paul’s “remnant” theology teaching is the integration of the Gentiles into faithful Israel. He demonstrates how a large influx of Gentiles would come into the covenant family. True Israel has expanded far and wide. The spiritual blessings and promises that were near exclusively restricted to natural Israelites have now been imparted to the Gentiles by faith. Paul reinforces his argument by applying old covenant promises and Israeli terminologies to the new covenant international assembly.
The overwhelmingly Gentile Church is now:
1. The “children of the living God.”
2. His “beloved” possession.
3. And are intimately known by God as “my people.”
The passages that Paul references here demonstrates that the Gentiles have been integrated into the camp of Israel. Israel has expanded, as Abraham was promised back in Genesis, to incorporate converted Gentiles from all nations since the cross.
As G. E. Ladd writes, “the people of the Messiah are the true people of God, continuous with the Israel of the Old Testament.”