Sounds like you know a lot.It can be a number of things. Sometimes things just aren't copied right. It isn't perfect, it is a chemical reaction. Radiation can be a big one, even sunlight. That is why you don't go drinking plutonium or stay out in the sun too long. Other environment factors include air pollution, smoking. Sometimes it just happens, which can be helpful, neutral, or harmful.
What is interesting is that bacteria did not have the ability to reproduce sexually. You know why there are virii? Bacteria sent out their own DNA to infect the plasmids of other bacteria. Early bacterial life, and to this day, is a nice little potluck of DNA.
No, me taking a baseball bat to a mailbox is a change, or me adjusting a picture is a change. There is no information added per se. With insertions yes, deletions, yes. Information is really a simple term. Kids with downs have "extra information" using that poor analogy which is why only creationist usually use it.
A mutation can be spontaneous. They are happening in your body all the time, for any number of reasons. Sometimes the cell goes CRAZY, but it has a self destruct mechanism and it works pretty well... usually.
I am not sure what you mean. If by problems you mean when you have a closed minded view of the world that rests upon a made up religious view posing as scripture and you only discuss such matters with people of similar view, I can understand that.
I am sure there is more than one Dr. Noble.
Also sounds like you're not willing to listen to what others have to say because they're not intelligent enough.
Dr. Noble explains how changes occur and how mutations come about.
I don't understand it very well because I'm not a scientist...but the general ideas come through.
For anyone interested,,,
I'm posting the following:
