UNICEF, also known as the United Nations Children's Fund, is a United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. The agency is among the most widespread and recognizable social welfare organizations in the world, with a presence in 192 countries and territories
wikipedia
UNICEF's activities include providing immunizations and disease prevention, administering
treatment for children and mothers with
HIV, enhancing childhood and
maternal nutrition, improving
sanitation, promoting education, and providing
emergency relief in response to disasters.
UNICEF relies entirely on voluntary contributions from governments and private donors. Its total income as of 2020 was $7.2 billion; of which public-sector partners contributed $5.45 billion.
[7] It is governed by a 36-member executive board that establishes policies, approves programs, and oversees administrative and financial plans. The board is made up of government representatives elected by the
United Nations Economic and Social Council, usually for three-year terms.
In 2018, UNICEF assisted in the birth of 27 million babies, administered
pentavalent vaccines to an estimated 65.5 million children, provided education for 12 million children, treated four million children with
severe acute malnutrition, and responded to 285 humanitarian emergencies in 90 countries.
[9] UNICEF has received recognition for its work, including the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, the
Indira Gandhi Prize in 1989 and the
Princess of Asturias Award in 2006. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, UNICEF, along with the
World Health Organization and other agencies, published guidance about healthy parenting.
A
pentavalent vaccine, also known as a
5-in-1 vaccine, is a
combination vaccine with five individual
vaccines conjugated into one.
[1]
Pentavalent vaccine frequently refers to the 5-in-1 vaccine protecting against
diphtheria,
tetanus,
whooping cough,
hepatitis B and
Haemophilus influenzae type B,
[1] which is generally used in
middle- and low-income countries, where polio vaccine is given separately.
[2][3]
Another pentavalent vaccine is the 5-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough,
polio, and
Haemophilus influenza type B, which was used in the UK until 2017, following which a
6-in-1 vaccine became available containing the additional protection against hepatitis B.
[1]
By 2013, pentavalent vaccines accounted for 100% of the
DTP-containing vaccines procured by
UNICEF, which supplies vaccines to a large proportion of the world's children.
Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called
Pfeiffer's bacillus or
Bacillus influenzae) is a
Gram-negative,
coccobacillary,
facultatively anaerobic capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family
Pasteurellaceae.
H. influenzae was first described in 1892 by
Richard Pfeiffer during an
influenza pandemic.
[1] He incorrectly described
Haemophilus influenzae as the causative microbe, which retains "influenza" in its name.
[2][3]
The bacterium was argued by some to be the cause of
influenza[4] as bacterial influenza.
H. influenzae is responsible for a wide range of localized and invasive infections, but influenza is caused by viruses.
This species was the first free-living organism to have its entire
genome sequenced.
Henrietta H. Holsman Fore (born September 12, 1948) is an
American public health and international development executive who serves as the Executive Director of
UNICEF. Fore formerly served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Holsman International, a manufacturing and investment company. Fore was the first woman Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Director of U.S. Foreign Assistance, 37th Director of the
United States Mint in the
U.S. Department of Treasury. She was the Presidential Appointee for President
George H. W. Bush at the
U.S. Agency for International Development.
From mint to vaccine.. follow the money
