To All,
Please allow the history of Iraq and the Gulf Wars, -- Desert Shield / Desert Storm, Part II of III:
SADDAM HUSSAIN -- (1970 -- 2006)
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Please allow the history of Iraq and the Gulf Wars, -- Desert Shield / Desert Storm, Part II of III:
SADDAM HUSSAIN -- (1970 -- 2006)
DANIEL 11:36 “And the king shall do according to his will; he shall exalt himself and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak astonishing things against the God of gods. He shall prosper till the indignation is accomplished; for what is determined shall be done. 37 He shall give no heed to the gods of his fathers, or to the one beloved by women; he shall not give heed to any other god, for he shall magnify himself above all. 38 He shall honor the god of fortresses instead of these; a god whom his fathers did not know he shall honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and costly gifts. 39 He shall deal with the strongest fortresses by the help of a foreign god; those who acknowledge him he shall magnify with honor. He shall make them rulers over many and shall divide the land for a price.”
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6. In July of 1979, after Saddam assumed the office of the presidency he began a ruthless purge to suppress any potential challengers. “(H)undreds of party officials and military officers, some of whom were close friends and associates, perished.”
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7. In the spring of 1980, Saddam publicly raised concerns that Iran was sponsoring unrest in the Iraqi Sunni, Shei’ite, and Kurdish factions. He clamped down on these Iraqi factions, publicly criticized the Ayatollah Khomeini, and extended assistance to Iranian separatist factions in Iran.
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8. In April of 1980, when Iranian operatives attempted to assassinate his Deputy Premier, Tariq Aziz, Saddam executed the Shi’ite religious leader along with hundreds of Shi’ite political prisoners, and deported 100,000 Shi’ites.
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9. On September 23, 1980, in an effort to effect control within his own populous, Saddam began a limited force and scope invasion of Iran. Five days after the assault, Saddam stopped his forces having made his point, and sought immediate peace negotiations. As the war dragged on, Saddam continued to explore any venue available to reconcile his government with the religious zealots in Tehran. Finally, eight years later in July of 1988, with Iran’s military resources exhausted, they moderated their stance against Saddam and accepted a peace plan.
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10. In 1981, the Israeli’s launched a precision air strike against the French designed nuclear reactor in Osiraq, leveling the facilities. (During the 1970’s to late 80’s the French had become Iraq’s second largest trading partner, exchanging oil for military and consumer goods.) These facilities were carefully cultivated by Saddam both as a miltary nuclear ‘equalizer’ and the political icon of a significant regional power.
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11. In the 1982 Fez Arab summit, Saddam joined other Arab leaders in the consensus that the states of Israel and Palestine could both exist. He later went even further and publicly supported “‘the existence of a secure state for the Israelis.’”
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12. Starting in 1982, the U.S. sought to use Iraq against the Iranian government (partly in retribution for the 1980 to 1981 hostage crisis) by authorizing agricultural credits, providing satellite and communications information on Iranian troop movements, and indirectly supplying U.S. arms. By 1984, U.S./Iraqi diplomatic relations, severed during the 1967 Six Day War, were restored. By 1987, Iraq was receiving $1 billion in agricultural credit, the largest U.S. loan to any country.
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13. In 1985, Saddam offered $700 million for Israel’s consensus to the laying of an oil pipeline from Iraq to Aqaba, Jordan.
14. In early 1987, news of the U.S. administration’s Iran-Contra arms for hostages (held in Lebanon) was made public. A few short months later, in May, an Iraqi Mirage attacked the U.S. frigate Sark with two Exocet missiles, killing 37 sailors. Apologies over “mistaken identity” were accepted.
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15. During the years 1988 to 1989, clearly four challenges were made to Saddam’s leadership. The first was a near mutiny by his military officers, openly challenging his ability to provide military strategy during the Iran/Iraq War. The second was a plan to shoot down his plane on the return leg of an Egyptian trip. A third coup attempt was aborted; and the fourth, an assassination attempt, was unsuccessful.
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16. In 1988, at the end of the Iran/Iraq war with the inherent impact on the Iraqi standard of living, Saddam, feeling compelled to demonstrate a “peace dividend,” liberalized the Iraqi political climate and economic system. He also continued his moderate foreign policies by using statesmanship to effect the formation of the Arab Co-operation Council, and by signing a non-agression pact with Saudi Arabia.
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17. In December of 1988, Saddam joined Egypt’s Husni Mubarak in sponsoring the PLO’s recognition of Israel’s right to exist, in spite of Syrian opposition.
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18. In September of 1989, British citizen Farzad Bazoft, a journalist for the British newspaper, the Observer, investigated an explosion in a military complex near Bagdad. He taken under arrest, and within six months he was tried, sentenced, and executed.
Over the course of the prior year, western intelligence noted significant conventional and nuclear weapons development. One of particular significance was a ‘supergun’ capable of launching artillery payloads as far as Israel and possibly into orbit. The Canadian large bore gun genius, Dr. Gerald Bull had been commissioned by Saddam to design and build this ‘supergun.’ Unfortunately for Dr. Bull, he was assassinated, (whether by agents of western or Israeli agencies is uncertain) after warnings not to complete the weapon’s construction.
Now with the execution of this journalist, Western governments seized Iraqi bound nuclear and conventional weapons components. Under a near circus of media cameras, British, Greek, and Turkey customs agents impounded crate after crate of Iraqi bound hardware.
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19. Also, still in 1990, U.S. agricultural credits had exceeded $1 billion, but Iraq was under investigation for trading these goods to other countries for arms (known as the Italian Banca Nazionale Lavoro --BLN -- scandal). In addition, increasing U.S. criticism was leveled at Saddam for “‘gross violations of human rights.’” In response, Saddam denounced the U.S. Persian Gulf presence, and escalated anti‑American sentiments.
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20. Still at this same time period, the Soviets were allowing a mass Jewish exodus to Israel, and secret meetings were being held between Israel and Syria which alarmed Saddam. Fearing a conspiracy, he warned Israel against attacking his scientific or military facilities (anticipating a replay of the 1981 raid against the Osiraq reactor, but this time against his super-gun and other capabilities), hinting at retaliation by chemical warheads. The Israelis responded by inferring a nuclear counterstrike. Saddam subsequently used several diplomatic channels to successfully defuse the rhetoric.
IBID, p. 19
IBID, p. 20
IBID, p. 20
IBID, p. 21
IBID, pp. 23, 24, 32
IBID, p. 21
Thomas B. Allen, and F. Clifton Berry, and Norman Polmar, CNN: War in the Gulf, Turner Publishing, Inc. Atlanta, GA, 1991, p. 49
Freedman, and Karsh, pp. 29-30
IBID, p. 22
IBID, pp. 26-28, 31
IBID, p. 32
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BibleScribe