Looking for the small prophets

[JLG]

2) Zephaniah

• Zephaniah’s message of judgment and encouragement contains three major doctrines:
• 1) God is sovereign over all nations.
• 2) The wicked will be punished and the righteous will be vindicated on the day of judgment.
• 3) God blesses those who repent and trust in Him.

• Zephaniah pronounces the Lord’s judgment on the whole earth, on Judah, on the surrounding nations, on Jerusalem, and on all nations.

• God is gracious and compassionate, but when all His warnings are ignored, judgment is to be expected.
• God’s day of judgment is frequently mentioned in the Scriptures.
• The prophets called it the "Day of the Lord."
• They referred to various events such as the fall of Jerusalem as manifestations of God’s Day, each of which pointed toward the ultimate Day of the Lord.
• Zephaniah reminds us that God is offended by the moral and religious sins of His people.
• God’s people will not escape punishment when they sin willfully.
• Punishment may be painful, but its purpose may be redemptive rather than punitive.
• The inevitability of the punishment of wickedness gives comfort in a time when it seems that evil is unbridled and victorious.
• We have the freedom to disobey God but not the freedom to escape the consequences of that disobedience.
• Those who are faithful to God may be relatively few, but He does not forget them.

 

[JLG]

1. Haggai

Summary of the Book of Haggai - Bible Survey | GotQuestions.org


Author: Haggai 1:1 identifies the author of the Book of Haggai as the Prophet Haggai.

Date of Writing: The Book of Haggai was written in approximately 520 B.C.


Purpose of Writing: Haggai sought to challenge the people of God concerning their priorities. He called them to reverence and glorify God by building the Temple in spite of local and official opposition. Haggai called them not to be discouraged because this Temple would not be quite as richly decorated as Solomon’s. He exhorted them to turn from the uncleanness of their ways and to trust in God’s sovereign power. The Book of Haggai is a reminder of the problems the people of God faced at this time, how the people courageously trusted in God, and how God provided for their needs.


Key Verses:


Haggai 1:4, "Is it a time for you yourselves to be living in your paneled houses, while this house remains a ruin?"


Haggai 1:5-6, "Now this is what the LORD Almighty says: 'Give careful thought to your ways. You have planted much, but have harvested little. You eat, but never have enough. You drink, but never have your fill. You put on clothes, but are not warm. You earn wages, only to put them in a purse with holes in it.'"


Haggai 2:9, "'The glory of this present house will be greater than the glory of the former house,' says the LORD Almighty. 'And in this place I will grant peace,' declares the LORD Almighty."


Brief Summary: Will the people of God reconsider their priorities, take courage, and act on the basis of God’s promises? God sought to warn the people to heed His words. Not only did God warn them, but He also offered promises through His servant Haggai to motivate them to follow Him. Because the people of God reversed their priorities and failed to put God in first place in their lives, Judah was sent into Babylonian exile. In response to Daniel’s prayer and in fulfillment of God’s promises, God directed Cyrus the Persian king to allow the Jews in exile to go back to Jerusalem. A group of Jews returned to their land with great joy, put God first in their lives, worshiped Him, and began to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem without the aid of the local people who lived in Israel. Their courageous faith was met with opposition from the local people as well as the Persian government for approximately 15 years.


Foreshadowings: As with most of the books of the minor prophets, Haggai ends with promises of restoration and blessing. In the last verse, Haggai 2:23, God uses a distinctly messianic title in reference to Zerubbabel, “My Servant” (Compare 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 11:34; Isaiah 42:1–9; Ezekiel 37:24,25). Through Haggai, God promises to make him like a signet ring, which was a symbol of honor, authority, and power, somewhat like a king’s scepter used to seal letters and decrees. Zerubbabel, as God’s signet ring, represents the house of David and the resumption of the messianic line interrupted by the Exile. Zerubbabel reestablished the Davidic line of kings which would culminate in the millennial reign of Christ. Zerubbabel appears in the line of Christ on both Joseph’s side (Matthew 1:12) and Mary’s side (Luke 3:27).


Practical Application: The Book of Haggai draws attention to common problems most people face even today. Haggai asks us 1) to examine our priorities to see if we are more interested in our own pleasures than doing the work of God; 2) to reject a defeatist attitude when we run into opposition or discouraging circumstances; 3) to confess our failures and seek to live pure lives before God; 4) to act courageously for God because we have the assurance that He is with us always and is in full control of our circumstances; and 5) to rest secure in God’s hands knowing that He will abundantly bless us as we faithfully serve Him.

 

[JLG]

2) Haggai

• Haggai sought to challenge the people of God concerning their priorities.
• He called them to reverence and glorify God by building the Temple in spite of local and official opposition.
• Haggai called them not to be discouraged because this Temple would not be quite as richly decorated as Solomon’s.
• He exhorted them to turn from the uncleanness of their ways and to trust in God’s sovereign power.
• The Book of Haggai is a reminder of the problems the people of God faced at this time, how the people courageously trusted in God, and how God provided for their needs.
• His message is definitely for us today!
• What are our priorities?
• Do we make the right choices?
• Do we trust Yah.weh?

 

[JLG]

1. Zechariah

Who was Zechariah in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Zechariah (alternate spelling Zacharias or Zachariah) was an Old Testament prophet who prophesied in the days of Haggai and who wrote the book of Zechariah (Ezra 5:1; Zechariah 1:1). This prophet is also mentioned by Jesus as having been murdered by the rebellious and disobedient Jews of his day (Matthew 23:35).

Book of Zechariah Overview - Insight for Living Ministries

Who wrote the book?​

Grandson of the priest Iddo, Zechariah prophesied to the people of Judah after they returned from their seventy years of exile in Babylon (Zechariah 1:1; Nehemiah 12:1, 4, 16). Zechariah’s grandfather returned from Babylon, his young grandson in tow, with the first group of Israelites allowed back, in 538 BC under the decree of Cyrus, king of Persia. Because of his family lineage, Zechariah was a priest in addition to a prophet. He, therefore, would have had an intimate familiarity with the worship practices of the Jews, even if he had never served in a completed temple. As a “young man” at the time of his first prophecies (Zechariah 2:4), his life more than likely extended into the reign of Xerxes I (485–465 BC), the king best known in the Bible for making Esther the queen of Persia (Esther 1:1).1

Where are we?​

Zechariah, a young man, especially when compared to his contemporary Haggai, came alongside the older prophet to deliver messages from the Lord to the Jewish remnant recently returned from Babylon. While Haggai’s overall message had more of a cautionary tone to it (pointing out the Jews’ sin and self-focus), Zechariah emphasized a tone of encouragement to the struggling Israelites trying to rebuild their temple.

Zechariah’s dated visions and messages in chapters 1–8 all take place in the same general time period as Haggai’s, beginning in October–November 520 BC with a call for the people of Judah to repent (Zechariah 1:1). He then received eight visions on the restless night of February 15, 519 BC (1:7), followed by four messages that he preached on December 7, 518 BC (7:1). Though his final messages in chapters 9–14 go undated, the mention of Greece in 9:13 suggests the prophecies came much later in his life, presumably sometime in the 480s BC, before Ezra (458 BC) and Nehemiah (444 BC) arrived to again revitalize the Jewish people.

Why is Zechariah so important?​

The book of Zechariah contains the clearest and the largest number of messianic (about the Messiah) passages among the Minor Prophets. In that respect, it’s possible to think of the book of Zechariah as a kind of miniature book of Isaiah. Zechariah pictures Christ in both His first coming (Zechariah 9:9) and His second coming (9:10–10:12). Jesus will come, according to Zechariah, as Savior, Judge, and ultimately, as the righteous King ruling His people from Jerusalem (14:8–9).

What's the big idea?​

Meaning “Yahweh remembers,” Zechariah’s name was appropriate to the purpose of his prophecies.2 His book brims over with the hope that God would remember His promises to His people, even after all the time they spent outside the land. The prophet used a simple structure of eight visions (Zechariah 1:1–6:15), four messages (7:1–8:23), and two oracles (9:1–14:21) to anticipate the completion of the temple and, ultimately, the future reign of the Messiah from Jerusalem. Like many of the prophets, Zechariah saw isolated snapshots of the future; therefore, certain events that seem to occur one right after the other in Zechariah’s prophecy actually often have generations or even millennia between them.

For a people newly returned from exile, Zechariah provided specific prophecy about their immediate and distant future—no doubt a great encouragement. Their nation would still be judged for sin (5:1–11), but they would also be cleansed and restored (3:1–10), and God would rebuild His people (1:7–17). Zechariah concluded his book by looking into the distant future, first at the rejection of the Messiah by Israel (9:1–11:17), and then at His eventual reign when Israel will finally be delivered (12:1–14:21).

How do I apply this?​

Have you struggled with discouragement? Read Zechariah. While the book contains its share of judgments on the people of Judah and beyond, it overflows with hope in the future reign of the Lord over His people. It’s easy to get caught up in the oftentimes depressing events of day-to-day life, to lose our perspective and live as people without hope. The book of Zechariah serves as a correction for that tendency in our lives. We have a hope that is sure. How refreshing!

 

[JLG]

2) Zechariah

• His name means “Yahweh remember”!
• According to Matthew 23:35, he was murdered by the rebellious and disobedient Jews of his day!
• Grandson of the priest Iddo, Zechariah prophesied to the people of Judah after they returned from their seventy years of exile in Babylon!
• Because of his family lineage, Zechariah was a priest in addition to a prophet!
• Zechariah emphasized a tone of encouragement to the struggling Israelites trying to rebuild their temple!
• The book of Zechariah contains the clearest and the largest number of messianic (about the Messiah) passages among the Minor Prophets!
• Zechariah pictures Christ in both His first coming (Zechariah 9:9) and His second coming (9:10–10:12)!
• Jesus will come, according to Zechariah, as Savior, Judge, and ultimately, as the righteous King ruling His people from Jerusalem (14:8–9)!
• For a people newly returned from exile, Zechariah provided specific prophecies about their immediate and distant future—no doubt a great encouragement!
• Their nation would still be judged for sin (5:1–11), but they would also be cleansed and restored (3:1–10), and God would rebuild His people (1:7–17)!
• Zechariah concluded his book by looking into the distant future, first at the rejection of the Messiah by Israel (9:1–11:17), and then at His eventual reign when Israel will finally be delivered (12:1–14:21)!

 

[JLG]

1) Malachi
Who was Malachi in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Malachi was an Old Testament prophet and the last of the writing prophets. He wrote the book of Malachi probably between 440 and 400 BC. Very little is known about Malachi the man except what can be inferred from his public messages, recorded in his book.


Malachi’s name means “my messenger,” an appropriate title for a prophet, one of God’s messengers. Malachi wrote to the remnant of Israelites who had returned after 70 years in Babylonian captivity. He ministered during the time of Nehemiah and after the time of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. The temple had been rebuilt, and the people of Israel were once again in the Promised Land, but they were falling into sin again.


Malachi wrote, and we can assume spoke, in a bold, direct manner. He rebukes the sins of the priests and people of Judah: the priests had been derelict in their official duties; the people had divorced their rightful wives; they had married foreign wives; they doubted God’s justice; and they were neglecting to pay their tithes, bringing various plagues upon the land. Despite Israel’s doubts to the contrary, Malachi assures them that the Lord God still loves them (Malachi 1:2–5).


The prophet Malachi brought a message of judgment upon the people because they had not learned from the consequences of their past sins. He communicates in a distinct style: in several places, he first makes an assertion, then he anticipates an objection made by those who hear him, and then he refutes the rhetorical objection. Malachi does this eight times in his book. Each time, he uses the same wording: “But you ask” or “But you say.” An example of this debating style is found in Malachi 1:6–7:

“It is you priests who show contempt for my name.

“But you ask, ‘How have we shown contempt for your name?’

“By offering defiled food on my altar.”


The book that Malachi wrote is distinguished as being the only prophetic book that ends not in deliverance but judgment; in fact, it ends with the word curse. Part of Malachi’s ministry was to prepare the hearts of God’s people and the way for John the Baptist, who would then prepare the way for the Messiah, Jesus Christ our Lord (Malachi 3:1; 4:5). The book of Malachi brings the Old Testament to a close with a prediction of the Messiah. Following Malachi’s ministry, 400 years passed, during which there was no divine prophet. But then the New Testament opens and a new day dawns, bringing John the Baptist, Jesus Christ, and the fulfillment of the prophecies of Malachi.

 

[JLG]

2) Malachi

- Malachi’s name means “my messenger,” an appropriate title for a prophet, one of God’s messengers!

- Malachi wrote to the remnant of Israelites who had returned after 70 years in Babylonian captivity!

- He ministered during the time of Nehemiah and after the time of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah!

- The temple had been rebuilt, and the people of Israel were once again in the Promised Land, but they were falling into sin again!

- Malachi wrote, and we can assume spoke, in a bold, direct manner!

- He rebukes the sins of the priests and people of Judah: the priests had been derelict in their official duties; the people had divorced their rightful wives; they had married foreign wives; they doubted God’s justice; and they were neglecting to pay their tithes, bringing various plagues upon the land!

- Despite Israel’s doubts to the contrary, Malachi assures them that the Lord God still loves them (Malachi 1:2–5)!

- The prophet Malachi brought a message of judgment upon the people because they had not learned from the consequences of their past sins!

- The book that Malachi wrote is distinguished as being the only prophetic book that ends not in deliverance but judgment; in fact, it ends with the word curse!

- Part of Malachi’s ministry was to prepare the hearts of God’s people and the way for John the Baptist, who would then prepare the way for the Messiah, Jesus Christ our Lord (Malachi 3:1; 4:5)!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:1

[This is] the word

דְּבַר־ (də·ḇar-)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 1697: A word, a matter, thing, a cause


of the LORD

יְהוָ֣ה ׀ (Yah·weh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel


that

אֲשֶׁ֣ר (’ă·šer)

Pronoun - relative

Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that


came

הָיָ֗ה (hā·yāh)

Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be


to

אֶל־ (’el-)

Preposition

Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to


Hosea

הוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙ (hō·wō·šê·a‘)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 1954: Hoshea -- 'salvation', the name of several Israelites


son

בֶּן־ (ben-)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 1121: A son


of Beeri

בְּאֵרִ֔י (bə·’ê·rî)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 882: Beeri -- 'my well', the name of a Hittite, also of Hosea's father


in the days

בִּימֵ֨י (bî·mê)

Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 3117: A day


of Uzziah,

עֻזִּיָּ֥ה (‘uz·zî·yāh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 5818: Uzziah -- 'my strength is Yah', the name of several Israelites


Jotham,

יוֹתָ֛ם (yō·w·ṯām)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3147: Jotham -- 'the LORD is perfect', three Israelites


Ahaz,

אָחָ֥ז (’ā·ḥāz)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 271: Ahaz -- 'he has grasped', two Israelites


and Hezekiah,

יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה (yə·ḥiz·qî·yāh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 2396: Hezekiah -- 'Yah has strengthened', a king of Judah, also several other Israelites


kings

מַלְכֵ֣י (mal·ḵê)

Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 4428: A king


of Judah,

יְהוּדָ֑ה (yə·hū·ḏāh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites


and [of]

וּבִימֵ֛י (ū·ḇî·mê)

Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 3117: A day


Jeroboam

יָרָבְעָ֥ם (yā·rā·ḇə·‘ām)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3379: Jeroboam -- 'the people increase', the name of two Israelites kings


son

בֶּן־ (ben-)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 1121: A son


of Jehoash,

יוֹאָ֖שׁ (yō·w·’āš)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3101: Joash


king

מֶ֥לֶךְ (me·leḵ)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 4428: A king


of Israel.

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (yiś·rā·’êl)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

• Yah.weh speaks to Hosiah!
• In the days of four kings of Judah (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Ezekiah) and one king of Israel (Jeroboam)!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:2

When the LORD

יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel


first

תְּחִלַּ֥ת (tə·ḥil·laṯ)

Noun - feminine singular construct

Strong's 8462: A commencement, rel, original


spoke

דִּבֶּר־ (dib·ber-)

Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue


to Hosea,

בְּהוֹשֵׁ֑עַ (bə·hō·wō·šê·a‘)

Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 1954: Hoshea -- 'salvation', the name of several Israelites


He

יְהוָ֜ה (Yah·weh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel


told

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (way·yō·mer)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 559: To utter, say


him,

הוֹשֵׁ֗עַ (hō·wō·šê·a‘)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 1954: Hoshea -- 'salvation', the name of several Israelites


“Go,

לֵ֣ךְ (lêḵ)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular

Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk


take

קַח־ (qaḥ-)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular

Strong's 3947: To take


a prostitute

זְנוּנִים֙ (zə·nū·nîm)

Noun - masculine plural

Strong's 2183: Adultery, idolatry


as your

לְךָ֞ (lə·ḵā)

Preposition | second person masculine singular

Strong's Hebrew


wife

אֵ֤שֶׁת (’ê·šeṯ)

Noun - feminine singular construct

Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female


and have children

וְיַלְדֵ֣י (wə·yal·ḏê)

Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 3206: Something born, a lad, offspring


of adultery,

זְנוּנִ֔ים (zə·nū·nîm)

Noun - masculine plural

Strong's 2183: Adultery, idolatry


because

כִּֽי־ (kî-)

Conjunction

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


this land

הָאָ֔רֶץ (hā·’ā·reṣ)

Article | Noun - feminine singular

Strong's 776: Earth, land


is flagrantly prostituting itself

זָנֹ֤ה (zā·nōh)

Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute

Strong's 2181: To commit adultery, to commit idolatry


[by departing] from

מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֖י (mê·’a·ḥă·rê)

Preposition-m

Strong's 310: The hind or following part


the LORD.”

יְהוָֽה׃ (Yah·weh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

• What a strange order Yah.weh gives to Hosea!
• He tells him to marry a prostitute!
• And have children of adultery with her!
• To symbolize Israel’s prostitution!
• Is it possible to find such hard judgment toward Israel?
• I doubt it!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:3

So [Hosea] went

וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ (way·yê·leḵ)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk


and married

וַיִּקַּ֔ח (way·yiq·qaḥ)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 3947: To take


Gomer

גֹּ֖מֶר (gō·mer)

Noun - proper - feminine singular

Strong's 1586: Gomer -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants, also the wife of Hosea


daughter

בַּת־ (baṯ-)

Noun - feminine singular construct

Strong's 1323: A daughter


of Diblaim,

דִּבְלָ֑יִם (diḇ·lā·yim)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 1691: Diblaim -- the father-in-law of Hosea


and she conceived

וַתַּ֥הַר (wat·ta·har)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 2029: To conceive, become pregnant


and bore

וַתֵּֽלֶד־ (wat·tê·leḏ-)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage


him

ל֖וֹ (lōw)

Preposition | third person masculine singular

Strong's Hebrew


a son.

בֵּֽן׃ (bên)

Noun - masculine singular

Strong's 1121: A son

• So Hosea marries a prostitute called Gomer!
• And she bears him a son!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:4

Then the LORD

יְהוָה֙ (Yah·weh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel


said

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (way·yō·mer)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 559: To utter, say


to [Hosea],

אֵלָ֔יו (’ê·lāw)

Preposition | third person masculine singular

Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to


“Name

קְרָ֥א (qə·rā)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular

Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read


him Jezreel,

יִזְרְעֶ֑אל (yiz·rə·‘el)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3157: Jezreel -- 'God sows', two Israelites, also two cities in Israel, also a valley in Northern Israel


for

כִּי־ (kî-)

Conjunction

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


soon

ע֣וֹד (‘ō·wḏ)

Adverb

Strong's 5750: Iteration, continuance, again, repeatedly, still, more


I will bring

וּפָ֨קַדְתִּ֜י (ū·p̄ā·qaḏ·tî)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular

Strong's 6485: To visit, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit


the bloodshed

דְּמֵ֤י (də·mê)

Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 1818: Blood, of man, an animal, the juice of the grape, bloodshed


of Jezreel

יִזְרְעֶאל֙ (yiz·rə·‘el)

Noun - proper - feminine singular

Strong's 3157: Jezreel -- 'God sows', two Israelites, also two cities in Israel, also a valley in Northern Israel


upon

עַל־ (‘al-)

Preposition

Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against


the house

בֵּ֣ית (bêṯ)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 1004: A house


of Jehu,

יֵה֔וּא (yê·hū)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3058: Jehu -- 'the LORD is He', the name of several Israelites


and I will put an end

וְהִ֨שְׁבַּתִּ֔י (wə·hiš·bat·tî)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular

Strong's 7673: To repose, desist from exertion


to the kingdom

מַמְלְכ֖וּת (mam·lə·ḵūṯ)

Noun - feminine singular construct

Strong's 4468: Dominion, the estate, the country


of Israel.

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (yiś·rā·’êl)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

• Yah.weh tells Hosea to name his son Jezreel because he will put an end to the kingdom of Israel!
• Israel is a prostitute!
• Yah.weh has condemned Israel!
• Soon he will strike the country!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:5

And

וְהָיָ֖ה (wə·hā·yāh)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be


on that

הַה֑וּא (ha·hū)

Article | Pronoun - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are


day

בַּיּ֣וֹם (bay·yō·wm)

Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular

Strong's 3117: A day


I will break

וְשָֽׁבַרְתִּי֙ (wə·šā·ḇar·tî)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular

Strong's 7665: To break, break in pieces


the bow

קֶ֣שֶׁת (qe·šeṯ)

Noun - feminine singular construct

Strong's 7198: A bow, for, shooting, the iris


of Israel

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (yiś·rā·’êl)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc


in the Valley

בְּעֵ֖מֶק (bə·‘ê·meq)

Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 6010: A vale


of Jezreel.”

יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ (yiz·rə·‘el)

Noun - proper - feminine singular

Strong's 3157: Jezreel -- 'God sows', two Israelites, also two cities in Israel, also a valley in Northern Israel

• Yah.weh says he will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jezreel!
• Here he repeats his condemnation!
• And the fact he will strike Israel!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:6

[Gomer] again

עוֹד֙ (‘ō·wḏ)

Adverb

Strong's 5750: Iteration, continuance, again, repeatedly, still, more


conceived

וַתַּ֤הַר (wat·ta·har)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 2029: To conceive, become pregnant


and gave birth to

וַתֵּ֣לֶד (wat·tê·leḏ)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage


a daughter,

בַּ֔ת (baṯ)

Noun - feminine singular

Strong's 1323: A daughter


and [the LORD] said

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (way·yō·mer)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 559: To utter, say


to [Hosea],

ל֔וֹ (lōw)

Preposition | third person masculine singular

Strong's Hebrew


“Name

קְרָ֥א (qə·rā)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular

Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read


her

שְׁמָ֖הּ (šə·māh)

Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular

Strong's 8034: A name


Lo-ruhamah,

רֻחָ֑מָה (ru·ḥā·māh)

Noun - proper - feminine singular

Strong's 3819: Lo-ruhamah -- 'without compassion', symbolic name of Hosea's daughter!

for

כִּי֩ (kî)

Conjunction

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


I will no

לֹ֨א (lō)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


longer

אוֹסִ֜יף (’ō·w·sîp̄)

Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular

Strong's 3254: To add, augment


have compassion

אֲרַחֵם֙ (’ă·ra·ḥêm)

Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular

Strong's 7355: To fondle, to love, to compassionate


on the house

בֵּ֣ית (bêṯ)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's Hebrew


of Israel,

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (yiś·rā·’êl)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc


that

כִּֽי־ (kî-)

Conjunction

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


I should ever

נָשֹׂ֥א (nā·śō)

Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute

Strong's 5375: To lift, carry, take


forgive

אֶשָּׂ֖א (’eś·śā)

Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular

Strong's 5375: To lift, carry, take


them.

לָהֶֽם׃ (lā·hem)

Preposition | third person masculine plural

Strong's Hebrew

• Hosea’s second child is a girl!
• And Hosea must name her Lo-ruhamah meaning without compassion!
• Time has come for Yah.weh to strike Israel!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:7

Yet

וְאֶת־ (wə·’eṯ-)

Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker

Strong's 853: Untranslatable mark of the accusative case


I will have compassion

אֲרַחֵ֔ם (’ă·ra·ḥêm)

Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular

Strong's 7355: To fondle, to love, to compassionate


on the house

בֵּ֤ית (bêṯ)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 1004: A house


of Judah,

יְהוּדָה֙ (yə·hū·ḏāh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites


and I will deliver them,

וְהֽוֹשַׁעְתִּ֖ים (wə·hō·wō·ša‘·tîm)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural

Strong's 3467: To be open, wide, free, to be safe, to free, succor


not

וְלֹ֣א (wə·lō)

Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


by bow

בְּקֶ֤שֶׁת (bə·qe·šeṯ)

Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular

Strong's 7198: A bow, for, shooting, the iris


or sword

וּבְחֶ֙רֶב֙ (ū·ḇə·ḥe·reḇ)

Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular

Strong's 2719: Drought, a cutting instrument, as a, knife, sword


or war,

וּבְמִלְחָמָ֔ה (ū·ḇə·mil·ḥā·māh)

Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular

Strong's 4421: A battle, war


not by horses

בְּסוּסִ֖ים (bə·sū·sîm)

Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural

Strong's 5483: A swallow, swift (type of bird)


and cavalry,

וּבְפָרָשִֽׁים׃ (ū·ḇə·p̄ā·rā·šîm)

Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural

Strong's 6571: A steed, a driver, cavalry


but by the LORD

בַּיהוָ֣ה (Yah·weh)

Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel


their God.”

אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם (’ĕ·lō·hê·hem)

Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural

Strong's 430: gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative

• Without compassion with Israel!
• With compassion with Judah!
• At the end, both kingdoms will be destroyed!
• It is only a question of time!
• Same for mankind!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:8

After she had weaned

וַתִּגְמֹ֖ל (wat·tiḡ·mōl)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 1580: To deal fully or adequately with, deal out to, wean, ripen


Lo-ruhamah,

רֻחָ֑מָה (ru·ḥā·māh)

Noun - proper - feminine singular

Strong's 3819: Lo-ruhamah -- 'without compassion', symbolic name of Hosea's daughter


[Gomer] conceived

וַתַּ֖הַר (wat·ta·har)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 2029: To conceive, become pregnant


and gave birth to

וַתֵּ֥לֶד (wat·tê·leḏ)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage


a son.

בֵּֽן׃ (bên)

Noun - masculine singular

Strong's 1121: A son

• Then Hosea’s wife gives birth to a third child, a son!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:9


And the LORD said,

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר (way·yō·mer)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 559: To utter, say


“Name

קְרָ֥א (qə·rā)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular

Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read


him

שְׁמ֖וֹ (šə·mōw)

Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular

Strong's 8034: A name


Lo-ammi,

עַמִּ֑י (‘am·mî)

Conjunction

Strong's 3818: Lo-ammi -- 'not my people', symbolic name of Hosea's son


for

כִּ֤י (kî)

Pronoun - second person masculine plural

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


you

אַתֶּם֙ (’at·tem)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 859: Thou and thee, ye and you


are not

לֹ֣א (lō)

Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular

Strong's 3808: Not, no


My people,

עַמִּ֔י (‘am·mî)

Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular

Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock


and I

וְאָנֹכִ֖י (wə·’ā·nō·ḵî)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 595: I


am not

לֹֽא־ (lō-)

Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular

Strong's 3808: Not, no


your God.

אֶהְיֶ֥ה (’eh·yeh)

Preposition | second person masculine plural

Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

• Her name: Lo-ammi MEANING NOT MY PEOPLE!
• IT SHOULD BE CLEAR FOR THOSE WHO REFUSE TO UNDERSTAND!
• AND I AM NOT YOUR GOD!
• IT IS YAH.WEH’S WORDS!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:10

Yet the number

מִסְפַּ֤ר (mis·par)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 4557: A number, definite, indefinite, narration


of the Israelites

בְּנֵֽי־ (bə·nê-)

Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 1121: A son


will be

וְֽ֠הָיָה (wə·hā·yāh)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be


like the sand

כְּח֣וֹל (kə·ḥō·wl)

Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 2344: Sand


of the sea,

הַיָּ֔ם (hay·yām)

Article | Noun - masculine singular

Strong's 3220: A sea, the Mediterranean Sea, large river, an artifical basin


which

אֲשֶׁ֥ר (’ă·šer)

Pronoun - relative

Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that


cannot

לֹֽא־ (lō-)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


be measured

יִמַּ֖ד (yim·maḏ)

Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 4058: To stretch, to measure, to be extended


[or]

וְלֹ֣א (wə·lō)

Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


numbered.

יִסָּפֵ֑ר (yis·sā·p̄êr)

Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 5608: To count, recount, relate


And

וְֽ֠הָיָה (wə·hā·yāh)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be


in the place

בִּמְק֞וֹם (bim·qō·wm)

Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 4725: A standing, a spot, a condition


where

אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)

Pronoun - relative

Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that


it was said

יֵאָמֵ֤ר (yê·’ā·mêr)

Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 559: To utter, say


to them,

לָהֶם֙ (lā·hem)

Preposition-l | Pronoun - third person masculine plural

Strong's 1992: They


‘You

אַתֶּ֔ם (’at·tem)

Pronoun - second person masculine plural

Strong's 859: Thou and thee, ye and you


[are] not

לֹֽא־ (lō-)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


My people,’

עַמִּ֣י (‘am·mî)

Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular

Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock


they will be called

יֵאָמֵ֥ר (yê·’ā·mêr)

Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular

Strong's 559: To utter, say


‘sons

בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)

Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 1121: A son


of the living

חָֽי׃ (ḥāy)

Adjective - masculine singular

Strong's 2416: Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life


God.’

אֵֽל־ (’êl-)

Noun - masculine singular

Strong's 410: Strength -- as adjective, mighty, the Almighty

• HOPE FOR THOSE WHO WERE GOING TO LOSE EVERYTHING!
• LO-AMMI!
• WHAT ABOUT YOU?

 

[JLG]

Hosea 1:1-11

Hosea 1:11

Then the people

בְּנֵֽי־ (bə·nê-)

Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 1121: A son


of Judah

יְהוּדָ֤ה (yə·hū·ḏāh)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites


[and]

וּבְנֵֽי־ (ū·ḇə·nê-)

Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct

Strong's 1121: A son


of Israel

יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (yiś·rā·’êl)

Noun - proper - masculine singular

Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc


will be gathered

וְ֠נִקְבְּצוּ (wə·niq·bə·ṣū)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural

Strong's 6908: To gather, collect


together,

יַחְדָּ֔ו (yaḥ·dāw)

Adverb

Strong's 3162: A unit, unitedly


and they will appoint

וְשָׂמ֥וּ (wə·śā·mū)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural

Strong's 7760: Put -- to put, place, set


for themselves one

אֶחָ֖ד (’e·ḥāḏ)

Number - masculine singular

Strong's 259: United, one, first


leader,

רֹ֥אשׁ (rōš)

Noun - masculine singular

Strong's 7218: The head


and will go up

וְעָל֣וּ (wə·‘ā·lū)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural

Strong's 5927: To ascend, in, actively


out

מִן־ (min-)

Preposition

Strong's 4480: A part of, from, out of


of the land.

הָאָ֑רֶץ (hā·’ā·reṣ)

Article | Noun - feminine singular

Strong's 776: Earth, land


For

כִּ֥י (kî)

Conjunction

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


great [will be]

גָד֖וֹל (ḡā·ḏō·wl)

Adjective - masculine singular

Strong's 1419: Great, older, insolent


the day

י֥וֹם (yō·wm)

Noun - masculine singular construct

Strong's 3117: A day


of Jezreel.

יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ (yiz·rə·‘el)

Noun - proper - feminine singular

Strong's 3157: Jezreel -- 'God sows', two Israelites, also two cities in Israel, also a valley in Northern Israel

• Judah and Israel will be together!
• One leader!
• Which Judah?
• Which Israel?
• Which leader?

 

[JLG]

Hosea 2:1-23

Hosea 2:1

“Say of

אִמְר֥וּ (’im·rū)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural

Strong's 559: To utter, say


your brothers,

לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם (la·’ă·ḥê·ḵem)

Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural

Strong's 251: A brother, )


‘My people,’

עַמִּ֑י (‘am·mî)

Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular

Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock


and of your sisters,

וְלַאֲחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם (wə·la·’ă·ḥō·w·ṯê·ḵem)

Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural

Strong's 269: Sister -- a sister


‘My loved one.’

רֻחָֽמָה׃ (ru·ḥā·māh)

Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person feminine singular

Strong's 7355: To fondle, to love, to compassionate

• Your brothers: my people!
• Your sisters: my loved one!
• Good invitation!

 

[JLG]

Hosea 2:1-23

Hosea 2:2

Rebuke

רִ֤יבוּ (rî·ḇū)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural

Strong's 7378: To toss, grapple, to wrangle, controversy, to defend


your mother,

בְאִמְּכֶם֙ (ḇə·’im·mə·ḵem)

Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine plural

Strong's 517: A mother, )


rebuke her.

רִ֔יבוּ (rî·ḇū)

Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural

Strong's 7378: To toss, grapple, to wrangle, controversy, to defend


For

כִּֽי־ (kî-)

Conjunction

Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction


she

הִיא֙ (hî)

Pronoun - third person feminine singular

Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are


is not

לֹ֣א (lō)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


My wife,

אִשְׁתִּ֔י (’iš·tî)

Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular

Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female


and I

וְאָנֹכִ֖י (wə·’ā·nō·ḵî)

Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular

Strong's 595: I


am not

לֹ֣א (lō)

Adverb - Negative particle

Strong's 3808: Not, no


her husband.

אִישָׁ֑הּ (’î·šāh)

Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular

Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person


Let her remove

וְתָסֵ֤ר (wə·ṯā·sêr)

Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person feminine singular

Strong's 5493: To turn aside


the adultery

זְנוּנֶ֙יהָ֙ (zə·nū·ne·hā)

Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular

Strong's 2183: Adultery, idolatry


from her face

מִפָּנֶ֔יה‪‬ (mip·pā·neh)

Preposition-m | Noun - common plural construct | third person feminine singular

Strong's 6440: The face


and the unfaithfulness

וְנַאֲפוּפֶ֖יהָ (wə·na·’ă·p̄ū·p̄e·hā)

Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular

Strong's 5005: Adultery


from between

מִבֵּ֥ין (mib·bên)

Preposition-m

Strong's 996: An interval, space between


her breasts.

שָׁדֶֽיהָ׃ (šā·ḏe·hā)

Noun - mdc | third person feminine singular

Strong's 7699: The breast of a, woman, animal

• So different from the first verse!
• Rebuke your mother!
• She is not my wife!
• And I am not her husband!
• She commits adultery!
• In fact, she is a prostitute!
• And she stays a prostitute!
• What a good comparison for Israel!