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Did Abraham Actually "Evict" Hagar; Or What Else Maybe?
†. Gen 21:10-11 . . Sarah said to Abraham: Cast out that slave-woman and
her son, for the son of that slave shall not share in the inheritance with my
son Isaac. The matter distressed Abraham greatly, for it concerned a son of
his own.
†. Gen 21:12 . . But God said to Abraham: Don't be distressed over the boy
or your slave; whatever Sarah tells you, do as she says, for it is through
Isaac that offspring shall be continued for you.
How does a good and decent man like Abraham disown his own flesh and
blood? If Ishmael were a gang-banger, a drug addict, an Islamic terrorist,
or a career criminal it would be different. But he was really a pretty good
kid and Abraham totally loved him. Being the lad's biological father, I'm
sure Abraham felt very responsible for Ishmael's welfare. He and Ishmael
had been a team together for seventeen or eighteen years. You just don't
dissolve a bond like that as if giving away old clothes to Good Will.
The phrase "cast out" implies cruelty; and leaves a wrong impression. Sarah
(and God too) wanted her own flesh and blood to follow in Abraham's footsteps
instead of Hagar's boy Ishmael; and, in the case of slave mothers, there was a
perfectly humane way to do it.
The Code Of Hammurabi, and of the still earlier laws of Lipit-Ishtar, implicitly
made inheritance rights a legal consequence of the father's acceptance of an
infant boy as his legitimate son; so then, the laws of Abraham's day entitled
Ishmael to the lion's share of Abraham's estate. However, there was a
clause in the law stipulating that if the slave's owner emancipated his child's
in-slavery biological mother; then the mother and the child would lose any
and all claims to a paternal property settlement.
However; Abraham couldn't just sell Hagar; no, he had to emancipate her
for the law to take effect. Sarah, in saying "cast out that slave-woman and
her son" is actually encouraging her husband to grant Hagar's freedom;
which would then have the effect of legally disowning Ishmael and elevating
Isaac to the status of not just the firstborn son, but of the only son. (Gen
22:2)
I believe it's important to emphasize that Hagar and Ishmael weren't cut loose
because they were no longer worthy to live in Abraham's camp any more.
No. It was only as a measure to expedite God's future for Isaac. Even if
Sarah hadn't proposed the idea of emancipating Hagar, God was very likely
on the verge of suggesting it Himself.
†. Gen 21:14a . . Early next morning Abraham took some bread and a skin
of water, and gave them to Hagar. He placed them over her shoulder,
together with the child, and sent her away.
The Hebrew word for "bread" is lechem (lekh'-em) which just simply means
food (for man or beast), which therefore includes not only grain but other
stuff too commonly eaten in that region in that day. So Abraham didn't
necessarily send the poor woman out on her own with a ration of bread and
water like some sort of ex felon on parole; but very likely provisioned Hagar
and his son Ishmael with enough camper-grade food stuffs to keep them
going for a while.
But it's puzzling why Abraham didn't provide them with an escort; at least
until they reached the safety of a village or a town. That suggests to me that
Abraham fully believed God's promise to make a nation of Ishmael (Gen
21:13) which implies that God Himself would look out for them from here on
in.
The phrase "sent her away" is from the Hebrew word shalach (shaw-lakh')
which is versatile word that can be used of divorce as well as for the
emancipation of slaves.
I would have hated to observe that scene. Abraham didn't dispatch a servant
or a butler to equip Hagar. He did it himself. And he didn't just bring the
provisions out to her and set it down at her feet. No. He put them up on her
shoulder himself. You have to stand close to someone to do that; close
enough to look them right in the eyes.
There's no record of ever any ill will between Hagar and Abraham, nor any
between him and his boy Ishmael either. Those three were truly family in
every sense of the word-- mom, dad, and child. There couldn't have been
a dry eye nor a cheerful face at any time during this excruciating farewell.
If you've ever experienced something so upsetting as to make you nauseous
and lead-bellied, then you know what I'm talking about. Anybody who can
read their story without feeling the slightest twinge of compassion for any
one of those three; has got to be the most insensitive clod on earth.
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