The Mental and heartfelt giving and loving attitude of Christ to be Our Example - one mind
(Php 2:1) Therefore, if there is any encouragement in Christ, if any consolation of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any tender mercies and compassions,
(Php 2:2) make my joy full by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.
(Php 2:3) Let nothing be done through selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind let each esteem others better than himself;
(Php 2:4) each of you not looking to his own things, but each of you to the things of others.
(Php 2:5) Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus.
(Php 2:6) Who, though being in the mental image of God, did not consider grasping at being equal with God,
(Php 2:7) but poured himself out, taking the mental attitude of a servant, and was the made just the same as all ordinary men.
(Php 2:8) And being perceived as a normal man, he humbled himself, becoming obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.
(Php 2:9) Wherefore God highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name-
(Php 2:10) that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven and those on earth and those under the earth,
(Php 2:11) and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
The theme of Philippians 2 is “having the mind of Christ.” (Phil 2:5). Purpose and context of the passage: The hymn is not a creedal statement but an ethical exhortation (v.5): “Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus.” Paul uses a well-known hymn to encourage humility and selflessness among the Philippians.
In verses 6-11, the testimony of Yeshua the Messiah is provided as the principal example of the humility and obedience we all should have. Also emphasized, is the reward that Yeshua received from selfless service and obedience (Phil 2:8-11). However, Phil 2:6-7 has been unfortunately and traditionally used as a proof text for advocates of the doctrine of incarnation. This is because verses 6-7 are typically translated with a traditional bias that prejudices the reader into reading incarnation into the passage. However, this passage does not teach that Yeshua was God and then became a man.
The interpretation of Philippians 2:6–11,it's a passage about Yeshua's exaltation and humility during his earthly life, not his preexistence as God. The phrase "being in the form of God" refers to Yeshua’s Messianic and then post-resurrection status, not an eternal divine nature.
Key points of interpretation include:
"Form of God" (μορφή θεοῦ): this refers to role, status, or authority, not ontological divinity. It reflects Yeshua's divine function after exaltation, not an inherent nature. And in contrast with "form of a servant" (μορφὴ δούλου), which denotes a role, not a change in essence.
"Did not consider equality with God a thing to be grasped": This is seen as Yeshua refusing to exploit his divine privileges during his earthly ministry, not a denial of divinity. The humility is practical and relational, not ontological. And clearly, Paul is also stating here that Yeshua is not God as he never attempted to be equal (as robbery in some translations) as his own Father, who is the one God.
"Emptied himself" (ἐκένωσεν): This is Yehsua renouncing divine privileges to live as a human, not losing divine nature. This aligns with the idea that Yeshua was a man exalted by God, not a pre-existent deity.
Contrast with Adam: The passage draws a parallel between Adam, who sought to be like God (Gen 3:5), and Yeshua, who did not grasp at divine status, but humbled himself. This reversal of Adam’s pride is central to its understanding (of this passage).
Exaltation, Not Incarnation: The passage emphasizes that Yehsua was exalted by God due to his obedience, not that he descended from heaven. Acts 2:36 ("God has made him both Lord and Christ") is cited as the key moment of divine appointment, not a pre-existent state.
Tense and Grammar: The present tense of "being in the form of God" (hyparcho) is emphasized, suggesting the statement applies to Yeshua being the Messiah and after his resurrection, not before any incarnation. Also note that the word "though" is added in some translations and is seen as a biased interpolation that distorts the text.
Contrast with another common view: There is no pre-existent Messiah. Paul contrasts Yeshua's present exalted status ("form of God") with his past humble state ("form of a servant"), not a change in nature.
Quotes from Trinitarian Bible Scholars that no not favor an incarnation or pre-existence of Yeshua in this scripture passage, In fact if not believed as they do, a few warn of a gnostic interpretation of this passage:
James Dunn (Methodist NT Scholar) p115. Christology in the Making
“Moreover it can readily be seen that the outline of thought in the Philippian hymn fully matches the two-stage Christology evident elsewhere in first generation Christianity. – free acceptance of man’s lot followed out to death, and exaltation to the status of Lord over all.”
J A T Robinson (Anglican NT Scholar), p166 “The Human Face of God”
The picture is not of a celestial figure lowering himself to become a man, to be exalted still higher than he was before. Rather, it is that the entire fullness of God was enabled…to find embodiment in one who was completely one of us as any other descendant of Abraham.”
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor (Catholic NT Scholar)
“Inevitably, those who begin their exegesis of this hymn with the assumption that it concerns a pre-existent divine being tend towards a docetic (gnostic) interpretation of these lines.”
James P. Mackey (Catholic Theologian). p52 ” The Christian Experience of God as Trinity”
“The fact that in the context of the hymn in the actual epistle, there is no mention at all of this anonymous divine figure who becomes man…”
Karl-Josef Kuschel (German Theologian) p250 “Born Before All Time”
“From this fact that the Jewish rather than Hellenistic syncretism may be the key to understanding the Philippians hymn, present day exegetes have drawn the radically opposite conclusion that the Philippians hymn does not speak of the pre-existence of Christ at all.”
Anton Vogtle (German Catholic NT Scholar) Freiburg exegete
“No pre-existence of Christ before the world with an independent significance can be recognized even in Phil. 2.”
Klaus Berger (German Catholic NT Scholar) Heidelberg exegete
“Philippians 2:6 is primarily concerned with making statements about high status and by no means necessarily concerned with pre-existence.”
Bas van Iersel (Dutch NT Scholar) p45. ‘Son of God in the New Testament’
“But of pre-existence and equality of being with God we cannot discover any trace in Paul’s letters”
Erroneous presumptions and misconceptions
Here is a list of common erroneous presumptions and inferences regarding Phil 2:5-7
The word “was” in reference to the mind of Christ biases the reader to suppose Paul is talking about a past time frame where Jesus had a certain mindset and into supposing that Christ had this mindset before he became human.
Presuming that Paul is talking about a pre-incarnate Son who “was” in the “form of God.”
Presuming that the term “form of God” means “God” and falling to see that it makes no sense to refer God as being in the form of God. It only makes sense to refer to someone else as being in the image of God or the form of God.
Presuming that Yeshua emptied himself of some of his divine prerogatives or his positional glory in heaven.
Presuming that not regard it to be a plunder to be equal to God is that Yeshua had no problem being equal with God. In context, this makes no sense whatsoever since Paul’s point is to show the Philippians how to humble themselves and serve as Yeshua served his God.
Taking Paul’s words to say that in verse 6, Yeshua did not regard “clinging to” equality with God. However, that would mean the incarnate Yeshua was not equal to God, which they deny.
Taking verse 6 to mean that Yeshua did not exploit, or take advantage of his equality with God. However, if Yeshua already had a harpagmos where then are the words in verse 6 which refer to exploiting it? harpagmos hardly means exploitation. It refers to something snatched/seized for one’s self, like plunder.
Presuming that “taking the form of a servant” means “adding a human nature” to himself. The words “becoming in the likeness of men,” or “coming to be in the likeness of men” qualify the expression “taking the form of a servant.” In context, the likeness of men is contrasted with the form of God. The Greek word here is saying that Yeshua came into his existence in the likeness of humans.
(Php 2:1) Therefore, if there is any encouragement in Christ, if any consolation of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any tender mercies and compassions,
(Php 2:2) make my joy full by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.
(Php 2:3) Let nothing be done through selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind let each esteem others better than himself;
(Php 2:4) each of you not looking to his own things, but each of you to the things of others.
(Php 2:5) Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus.
(Php 2:6) Who, though being in the mental image of God, did not consider grasping at being equal with God,
(Php 2:7) but poured himself out, taking the mental attitude of a servant, and was the made just the same as all ordinary men.
(Php 2:8) And being perceived as a normal man, he humbled himself, becoming obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.
(Php 2:9) Wherefore God highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name-
(Php 2:10) that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven and those on earth and those under the earth,
(Php 2:11) and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
The theme of Philippians 2 is “having the mind of Christ.” (Phil 2:5). Purpose and context of the passage: The hymn is not a creedal statement but an ethical exhortation (v.5): “Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus.” Paul uses a well-known hymn to encourage humility and selflessness among the Philippians.
In verses 6-11, the testimony of Yeshua the Messiah is provided as the principal example of the humility and obedience we all should have. Also emphasized, is the reward that Yeshua received from selfless service and obedience (Phil 2:8-11). However, Phil 2:6-7 has been unfortunately and traditionally used as a proof text for advocates of the doctrine of incarnation. This is because verses 6-7 are typically translated with a traditional bias that prejudices the reader into reading incarnation into the passage. However, this passage does not teach that Yeshua was God and then became a man.
The interpretation of Philippians 2:6–11,it's a passage about Yeshua's exaltation and humility during his earthly life, not his preexistence as God. The phrase "being in the form of God" refers to Yeshua’s Messianic and then post-resurrection status, not an eternal divine nature.
Key points of interpretation include:
"Form of God" (μορφή θεοῦ): this refers to role, status, or authority, not ontological divinity. It reflects Yeshua's divine function after exaltation, not an inherent nature. And in contrast with "form of a servant" (μορφὴ δούλου), which denotes a role, not a change in essence.
"Did not consider equality with God a thing to be grasped": This is seen as Yeshua refusing to exploit his divine privileges during his earthly ministry, not a denial of divinity. The humility is practical and relational, not ontological. And clearly, Paul is also stating here that Yeshua is not God as he never attempted to be equal (as robbery in some translations) as his own Father, who is the one God.
"Emptied himself" (ἐκένωσεν): This is Yehsua renouncing divine privileges to live as a human, not losing divine nature. This aligns with the idea that Yeshua was a man exalted by God, not a pre-existent deity.
Contrast with Adam: The passage draws a parallel between Adam, who sought to be like God (Gen 3:5), and Yeshua, who did not grasp at divine status, but humbled himself. This reversal of Adam’s pride is central to its understanding (of this passage).
Exaltation, Not Incarnation: The passage emphasizes that Yehsua was exalted by God due to his obedience, not that he descended from heaven. Acts 2:36 ("God has made him both Lord and Christ") is cited as the key moment of divine appointment, not a pre-existent state.
Tense and Grammar: The present tense of "being in the form of God" (hyparcho) is emphasized, suggesting the statement applies to Yeshua being the Messiah and after his resurrection, not before any incarnation. Also note that the word "though" is added in some translations and is seen as a biased interpolation that distorts the text.
Contrast with another common view: There is no pre-existent Messiah. Paul contrasts Yeshua's present exalted status ("form of God") with his past humble state ("form of a servant"), not a change in nature.
Quotes from Trinitarian Bible Scholars that no not favor an incarnation or pre-existence of Yeshua in this scripture passage, In fact if not believed as they do, a few warn of a gnostic interpretation of this passage:
James Dunn (Methodist NT Scholar) p115. Christology in the Making
“Moreover it can readily be seen that the outline of thought in the Philippian hymn fully matches the two-stage Christology evident elsewhere in first generation Christianity. – free acceptance of man’s lot followed out to death, and exaltation to the status of Lord over all.”
J A T Robinson (Anglican NT Scholar), p166 “The Human Face of God”
The picture is not of a celestial figure lowering himself to become a man, to be exalted still higher than he was before. Rather, it is that the entire fullness of God was enabled…to find embodiment in one who was completely one of us as any other descendant of Abraham.”
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor (Catholic NT Scholar)
“Inevitably, those who begin their exegesis of this hymn with the assumption that it concerns a pre-existent divine being tend towards a docetic (gnostic) interpretation of these lines.”
James P. Mackey (Catholic Theologian). p52 ” The Christian Experience of God as Trinity”
“The fact that in the context of the hymn in the actual epistle, there is no mention at all of this anonymous divine figure who becomes man…”
Karl-Josef Kuschel (German Theologian) p250 “Born Before All Time”
“From this fact that the Jewish rather than Hellenistic syncretism may be the key to understanding the Philippians hymn, present day exegetes have drawn the radically opposite conclusion that the Philippians hymn does not speak of the pre-existence of Christ at all.”
Anton Vogtle (German Catholic NT Scholar) Freiburg exegete
“No pre-existence of Christ before the world with an independent significance can be recognized even in Phil. 2.”
Klaus Berger (German Catholic NT Scholar) Heidelberg exegete
“Philippians 2:6 is primarily concerned with making statements about high status and by no means necessarily concerned with pre-existence.”
Bas van Iersel (Dutch NT Scholar) p45. ‘Son of God in the New Testament’
“But of pre-existence and equality of being with God we cannot discover any trace in Paul’s letters”
Erroneous presumptions and misconceptions
Here is a list of common erroneous presumptions and inferences regarding Phil 2:5-7
The word “was” in reference to the mind of Christ biases the reader to suppose Paul is talking about a past time frame where Jesus had a certain mindset and into supposing that Christ had this mindset before he became human.
Presuming that Paul is talking about a pre-incarnate Son who “was” in the “form of God.”
Presuming that the term “form of God” means “God” and falling to see that it makes no sense to refer God as being in the form of God. It only makes sense to refer to someone else as being in the image of God or the form of God.
Presuming that Yeshua emptied himself of some of his divine prerogatives or his positional glory in heaven.
Presuming that not regard it to be a plunder to be equal to God is that Yeshua had no problem being equal with God. In context, this makes no sense whatsoever since Paul’s point is to show the Philippians how to humble themselves and serve as Yeshua served his God.
Taking Paul’s words to say that in verse 6, Yeshua did not regard “clinging to” equality with God. However, that would mean the incarnate Yeshua was not equal to God, which they deny.
Taking verse 6 to mean that Yeshua did not exploit, or take advantage of his equality with God. However, if Yeshua already had a harpagmos where then are the words in verse 6 which refer to exploiting it? harpagmos hardly means exploitation. It refers to something snatched/seized for one’s self, like plunder.
Presuming that “taking the form of a servant” means “adding a human nature” to himself. The words “becoming in the likeness of men,” or “coming to be in the likeness of men” qualify the expression “taking the form of a servant.” In context, the likeness of men is contrasted with the form of God. The Greek word here is saying that Yeshua came into his existence in the likeness of humans.