It's an assumption because Paul has not stopped making general statements about Ethnic Israel. He is answering the rhetorical question he raised in 11:11.
Assumption: Paul is speaking about individuals.
Logical implication: A Hebrew was removed so a non-Hebrew might be saved.
I know you didn't say that explicitly, but that is a logical implication of your view. The following paraphrase represents the interpretation you are proposing.
You [a gentile individual] will say then, “Branches [Jewish individuals] were broken off so that I [a gentile individual] might be grafted in.”
I maintain that Paul is not speaking about individual people because we end up with false doctrine like the one expressed above. I'm not suggesting that you believe this. In fact, I'm counting on the fact that you don't in hopes that once you see the implications of your view, you will reevaluate your position. I think we can both agree that Paul would never teach God removed an individual Jew so that an individual Gentile might be grafted in. If you agree with me then maybe you can see that Paul is NOT referring to individual people. Rather, he is making a general statement concerning Gentiles taken as a whole.
Assumption: The tree represents those whom God is saving.
Logical implication: Salvation is granted to Hebrews when they are born.
That, in my opinion, is another logical implication of your perspective. What follows is another illustration of what happens if we assume that Paul is speaking of individual salvation.
For if you [a Gentile individual] were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree [not saved], and were grafted contrary to nature into a cultivated olive tree [saved by birth], how much more will these who are the natural branches [individual Jews who lost salvation] be grafted into their own olive tree?
Paul is speaking about a cultivated tree, on which Hebrew people belong by virtue of being Hebrew. If the Olive Tree represents salvation, then Paul seems to be saying that individual Hebrews are saved on the basis that they are Hebrews. You and I don't believe this. And so this is another good reason for you to reexamine your assumptions.
You didn't say that explicitly. But it is a logical implication of your position.
I hoped that I was careful not to accuse you directly. I tried to state the clear implications of your view with out being accusatory.
Your position doesn't work because it doesn't take into account a significant aspect of Paul's analogy: natural vs. wild. Paul compares natural branches which belong on the tree "by nature" and wild branches that come from another tree and are grafted on contrary to nature. He says that the Gentiles remain by faith and natural branches are cut off because of lack of faith. Now, if the tree represents salvation, then initially the natural branches are saved "by nature." The are saved by nature and only lose salvation once they fail to believe.
Now, you and I don't believe that anyone is saved by nature, so we shouldn't accept the idea that the tree represents salvation.
Romans 10:9-13 is a side statement in a larger context. The context of chapter 10 is Paul's argument that justification by faith is not a new idea. Even Moses spoke of justification by faith in the book of Deuteronomy.
But salvation isn't the only thing that works this way. Another, better interpretation involves knowledge of God's will for mankind and general wisdom. Remember, Paul is talking about cultivation. And what is cultivation in human terms if not education, enlightenment, teaching, experience and mentoring? In chapter 3, Paul says that the Jews have an advantage because they have the oracles of God. Elsewhere Paul writes that those sitting under Moses have a veil over their eyes so that they can't see what the Law actually means. Concerning the mysteries of God, Jesus says "whoever has, to him
more shall be given, and he will have an abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has shall be taken away from him." In other words, knowledge and wisdom build on previous knowledge and wisdom. Those who hear the word of God and believe it, attain to more knowledge. But those who refuse to believe, what knowledge they have is taken away from them.
The Olive tree represents access to God's plan and will for mankind. The Jews are on that tree naturally because God has spent a fair amount of time cultivating them as a people. When Gentiles are grafted to the tree, they have the benefit of the scriptures and all that accumulated knowledge about God's will. Now, those who refuse to believe begin to lose that knowledge until they are filled with doubt and unbelief. But those who believe and trust God's word get more wisdom and knowledge because information that is hard to understand at first, becomes easier to understand as one builds on what one has already learned.
This is exactly Paul's point. He is telling you and me that although Israel is unbelieving and an enemy to the Gospel, she is still holy to God. The Branches that are cut off are still holy branches.
Try to understand what the Bible means by "holy." In essence, the word "holy" refers to something or someone whom God has set aside for a special purpose. It is not a direct synonym for righteous, good, or saved. The Hebrew people are holy because God chose that family line for a special purpose. And Paul argues that God did not change his mind about that. He is using them for his special purpose.
Holiness doesn't mean "distinctive"; it simply means "set aside for a special purpose." Suppose I have two bowls. With the first bowl, I eat my cheerios; with the second bowl, I perform a temple service. Both bowls are exactly alike. The one I use during breakfast is common; the one I use during a religious service is holy.
The same is true of people. All people are pretty much exactly alike. Most of the word is "common" but God chose the sons and daughters of Jacob to serve a special purpose. Because God chose them for a special purpose, he considers them to be holy. Not because they are different, but because God has a special purpose for them.
According to God they are. Out of all the families of the earth, Jacob has been set aside to serve God.
Romans 11:28, Deuteronomy 7:6
Whomever God declares to be holy, is holy. Acts 10:15
Paul is answering his rhetorical question, Did Israel fall when she stumbled? (presumably she stumbled over the cornerstone.) His answer is, no. She remains holy because her root is holy. The Olive Tree represents the holy people of God. THAT tree is the one that put Jesus on the cross. In Paul's opinion, although Israel put Jesus on the cross, she remains holy because the root is holy. Natural Israel is holy because God says she is.
Again, no one is "naturally saved" or "saved by nature." Paul's words, not mine.