Here is a diagram that may help illustrate what I am explaining. Please see the explanation under the picture below.
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COVENANT ISRAEL – ONE PEOPLE OF GOD BY FAITH
This diagram illustrates the biblical concept that
God's true covenant people have always been identified by faith rather than merely by physical descent or outward association.
On the left is
Old Testament Israel, representing the nation of Israel under the Old Covenant. Within that larger circle is a smaller circle labeled
"True Jewish Believers by Faith." This reflects the biblical truth that not all physical Israelites belonged to the true spiritual remnant of God.
On the right is the
New Testament Church, representing the visible body of professing Christians. Within that larger circle is a smaller circle labeled
"True Christian Believers by Faith." Scripture teaches that genuine membership in Christ's body is not merely external but consists of those who possess saving faith in Jesus Christ.
The arrows originate from the two smaller circles because
God's true covenant people are found among the faithful remnant, not merely among those who belong outwardly to Israel or the visible church.
Both groups converge into the circle labeled
"Covenant Israel" beneath the Cross, symbolizing that all who are saved—whether Old Testament saints looking forward to Christ or New Testament believers looking back to Christ—are united through the same Savior and the same covenant promises fulfilled in Him.
The Cross above Covenant Israel emphasizes that Jesus Christ is the foundation, head, and object of worship for all God's redeemed people throughout history. Salvation has always been by grace through faith in Christ, and all true believers are united in Him as one covenant people. This was why that was when Messiah the Prince has confirmed the covenant with His People at the Cross for BOTH the Old Testament Saints and the New Testament Saints, where His Holy Spirit came from from the Cross to the former sea (Old Testament) and hinder sea (New Testament).
So the point is the smaller circles also illustrate the biblical principle that outward membership does not guarantee inclusion among God's elect people. Throughout both the Old Testament and New Testament eras, many have been called into the visible covenant community, yet only a faithful remnant are truly chosen by God through faith.
"For many are called, but few are chosen." (Matthew 22:14)
This truth is seen in national Israel, where only a remnant believed (Romans 9:6-8, 27), and it is also seen within the visible church, where not all who profess Christ truly belong to Him (2 Timothy 2:19). Therefore, the arrows originate from the smaller circles of genuine believers by faith, showing that God's true Covenant Israel consists of His chosen people from every age who trust in Christ.
Together they, people as "stones" are making up what God called the
New Jerusalem!
@rwb