That didn’t answer his question at all. His question was about Hagar and its corresponding Jerusalem. Galatians is believed to have been written between 48-55ad.
So if Galatians written in 48ad, what is the “present day (48ad) Jerusalem, that’s in slavery, that corresponds to Hagar and mount sinai?
“25Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.”
Is this present day (48ad- when Paul wrote Galatians) the physical city of Jerusalem or a spiritual city of Jerusalem?
"Present-day Jerusalem?" What Jerusalem, exactly? LOL!
You are still fixated on a "
physical city" that Paul is not even discussing in this passage. Galatians 4:23-26 does not say, “the physical buildings of Jerusalem,” “the stones of Jerusalem,” or “the geographic location of Jerusalem.” That is the assumption you are bringing into the text. Big mistake.
Paul himself tells us how to understand it:
“Which things are an allegory” (Galatians 4:24). He is not giving a lesson about two earthly locations, or one earthly location and one spiritual location. Listen, he is contrasting
two covenants and the people belonging to those covenants.
Notice the wording:
Galatians 4:25 — “For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to
Jerusalem which now is, and
is in bondage with her children.”
Who is "in bondage"? Not stones. Not buildings. Not a piece of land.
Her children! Hello?! Paul is speaking about PEOPLE who remain under the old covenant system of bondage rather than the freedom found in Christ.
The same Jerusalem that had physical stones also represented the covenant people dwelling there. Scripture consistently uses cities as symbolic representations of their inhabitants. Don't you ever learn? For example:
Matthew 23:37 — “
O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that
killest the prophets, and
stonest them which are sent unto thee...”
Jesus was not speaking to bricks and stones that killed prophets. What about Bethelem? Jericho? Or other city in Israel that killed prophets too? Look, he was addressing the people of "Jerusalem" that represents His name, as a congregation of God as a whole who rejected God’s messengers.
Likewise, Paul is not saying, “the physical city of Jerusalem is Hagar.” He is saying the
present covenant order represented by Jerusalem is in bondage with her children, because they have not embraced the freedom of Christ.
Paul then contrasts it with:
Galatians 4:26 — “But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.”
Notice the contrast: one Jerusalem is “now” and in bondage; the other Jerusalem is “above” and free. Neither one is describing a pile of rocks and buildings. Paul is contrasting
two spiritual realities and two peoples. Get it?
This is consistent with the rest of the New Testament:
Philippians 3:3 — “For we are the circumcision, which
worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus...”
Romans 2:28-29 — “For
he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly... But
he is a Jew, which is one inwardly...”
The obsession with forcing every mention of Jerusalem into a literal earthly city like you do misses Paul's entire argument. The issue in Galatians 4 is NOT about geography. It is
covenant identity. God has always dealt with people, not with stones. The earthly temple, city, and covenant symbols were shadows; Christ and His people are the substance.
Colossians 2:17 — “Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.”
The question is not “Was there a physical Jerusalem in 48 AD?” Of course there was. The question is:
What does Paul mean by Jerusalem in this allegory? And Paul answers it himself: he is talking about covenants and the children belonging to them — not a physical city.
Selah