In first-century Judaism, marriage normally involved two stages: betrothal (
kiddushin/erusin) and the final taking of the bride into the husband's home (
nissuin). Betrothal was already legally binding. Although the couple did not yet live together or consummate the marriage, they were considered husband and wife under Jewish law, and a formal divorce was required to dissolve the union. The second stage occurred later, when the groom took the bride into his home and married life began.
Therefore, Mary was already Joseph's wife when Gabriel announced:
"You will conceive and bear a Son."
You've already said that Mary expected a normal marriage with Joseph, including ordinary marital relations.
What I find interesting is that your answer to the challenge depends on things that are
not stated in the text:
- Gabriel's tone,
- Mary's assumption that the announced conception would occur immediately.
Yet Mary's own explanation is something that
is stated in the text:
"How will this occur, since I know not man?"
So why should a presumed tone and an assumed timetable carry more interpretive weight than the explanation Mary Herself gives for Her difficulty?
And if future conception through Joseph remained Mary's expected explanation, as you assert, why does She appeal to "I know not man" as the reason for Her difficulty at all, rather than understand the announced conception as something that would occur through those expected marital relations, whenever that conception was to take place?
And there is still the matter of Gabriel's response.
According to your explanation, Mary's difficulty arises because She inferred that the announced conception would occur soon, before the marital relations She expected with Joseph. In other words, the entire discussion about the manner of conception is triggered by an inferred timetable.
Yet Gabriel's response is not merely:
"Yes, Mary, the conception will occur soon."
Instead, he explains divine conception:
"The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you."
He then appeals to Elizabeth's conception and concludes:
"For with God nothing shall be impossible."
Elizabeth's obstacle is explicit: barrenness and old age.
So if Mary's difficulty was ultimately rooted in an assumed timetable, why does Gabriel frame Her case alongside Elizabeth's otherwise impossible conception and conclude with God's power over impossibilities?
That seems to place the focus not merely on
when conception will occur, but on
how conception will occur.