Dennis Prager, a devout Jew, has discussed this very question. Briefly, his answer is that taking the LORD's name in vane has nothing to do with vulgar language. Rather it is about doing evil and claiming it is being done in the LORD's name, i.e., by the authority of God, Himself. He says the Hebrew word "nasah" which appears there would be better translated as "carry". That is, the commandment is "You shall not carry the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain".
As Prager has pointed out, this is the only commandment of the ten in which a punishment for disobeying is contained. World God really treat "swearing" or "vulgar speech" more seriously than say murder or stealing? I think we would all agree that is probably not the case and taking, bearing or carrying the LORD's name in vain must be something far more serious than swearing and instead is doing evil and claiming it is being done with God's authority. And example of such, I think, is many of the sins within Islam being carried out against "infidels".