Jesus wasn't baptizing, His disciples were. John 4:2. You must put the together John3: 5 and 6
John 3:5-6 - Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. 6 (again) That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
Born first of water (flesh) and Born again (spirit). That's why Nicodemus was confused and said "Can I enter a second time into his mothers womb and be born?"
When Jesus told Nicodemus,
“Except one be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.” (
John 3:5-6), He was speaking to a teacher of Israel who was expected to understand the Scriptures. Jesus even asked him,
“Art thou the teacher of Israel, and understandest not these things?” (
John 3:10). This tells us that the meaning of being born of water and the Spirit was already revealed in the Old Testament.
The clearest background is found in God's promise through Ezekiel:
“And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you... and I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes.” (
Ezekiel 36:25-27). Here, the clean water represents God's cleansing from sin, followed by the giving of a new heart and His Spirit. This closely matches Jesus' words about being born of water and the Spirit, showing that He was speaking of an inward cleansing and renewal performed by God.
The Old Testament also connects water with the life that comes from God. Through Isaiah, God promised,
“For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and streams upon the dry ground; I will pour my Spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring.” (
Isaiah 44:3). Here again, water and God's Spirit are joined together as pictures of spiritual renewal and life.
Jesus continued this same teaching when He spoke of the living water. To the Samaritan woman He said,
“Whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well of water springing up unto eternal life.” (
John 4:14). Jesus was clearly not speaking about ordinary water, but about the life that He gives from God, leading to eternal life.
Later, during the Feast of Tabernacles, Jesus cried out,
“If any man thirst, let him come unto me and drink. He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, from within him shall flow rivers of living water.” (
John 7:37-38). John immediately explains what Jesus meant:
“But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believed on him were to receive.” (
John 7:39). Jesus Himself therefore connects living water with the Holy Spirit.
Jesus also explained that His own words bring cleansing when He told His disciples,
“Already ye are clean because of the word which I have spoken unto you.” (
John 15:3). In His prayer to the Father He said,
“Sanctify them in the truth: thy word is truth.” (
John 17:17). God's truth cleanses the heart of the one who receives it with faith and obedience.
Before Jesus began His ministry, John the Baptist called the people to repentance through baptism with water. The water itself did not remove sin, but it was an outward sign of an inward turning to God. Jesus Himself was baptized, not because He needed cleansing, but to fulfill all righteousness. This shows that water was connected with repentance and preparation for the work of God in the heart.
Some have suggested that the water in John 3 refers to natural birth because a baby is born surrounded by fluid. However, there is no Old Testament passage that uses water in this way, and Jesus expected Nicodemus to understand His words from the Scriptures. The prophecies of Ezekiel and Isaiah provide that foundation, and Jesus' own teaching about living water confirms it.
When Jesus continued by saying,
“That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.”(
John 3:6), He was contrasting natural human life with the new spiritual life that comes from God. Entering the Kingdom of God requires more than physical birth. It requires God to cleanse a person from sin, give that person a new heart, and place His Spirit within them so they can walk in His ways.
Taken together, the Old Testament and the words of Jesus show that being born of water and the Spirit is the work of God by which He cleanses a person from sin, renews the heart, and gives new spiritual life. The water is not ordinary water, but the cleansing and life that God promised in the Scriptures and that Jesus later called the living water. It is the fulfillment of God's promise to make His people clean, to satisfy their spiritual thirst, and to put His Spirit within them so they may have eternal life and walk in His commandments.