The Bible before Martin Luther
Anti-Catholic literature and people who are not familiar with the Catholic Church often say that Martin Luther, a Catholic priest, but later a revolutionary and "reformer" was the first to translate the Bible from Latin to German in 1534. This misconception is so deeply embedded in the popular mind that it is not a surprise anymore to hear the Protestant view that the vernacular Bible originated with Martin Luther. It is hard to believe that there are still some Protestant believers who make this statement at the beginning of the 21st century. There are some even more weird ideas about Bible translation. Some firmly believe that the Catholic Church turned against Martin Luther because he was the first who dared to translate the Bible from Latin into German.
By digging into history, these grandiloquent "experts" would be surprised to learn that the first printed Bible was produced by Johann Gutenberg, a Catholic,--with Church approval--in 1455. Luther was born in 1483! To go further on the number of printings, there were
18 German editions of the Bible before Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517.
For a full view of translation history it is important to acknowledge that no books of the Bible were originally written in Latin. The Old Testament was written in Hebrew with some parts in Aramaic. The New Testament was written in Greek. The Septuagint is a Jewish translation of the Old Testament into Greek for the Jews in Alexandria who spoke mainly Greek at that time. This made it possible for the whole Bible to be available in Greek by about 100 A.D.
It is worth noticing that there were
198 editions of the Bible in the vernacular, the language of the laity; 626 editions altogether, all
before the Protestant version, with the full approval of the Catholic Church. When using of the term "Bible Christian," many refer quite wrongly to Protestants only, as the Bible is a Catholic book written for Catholics, and explained only by the teaching authority of the Catholic Church.
The Protestant claim of "Sola Scriptura" is a fabricated, misleading suggestion, an unscriptural invention. In history we can see that every new movement when forming a new religion, wants a so-called "new Bible." A new Bible is important for these movements partially as a break away gesture to symbolize a separation from the Catholic Church and to create a Bible which contains their ideas, teachings and explanations for their existence. This is what the heretical sect of the Cathars wanted in medieval times and what the Protestants, Jehovah Witnesses, Mormons, etc. did later. Changing the Biblical text is prohibited, but the above mentioned sects widely violated this rule. The discrepancies led to arguments, controversies and misunderstandings between or within these movements. The nearly 35,000 Protestant sects have different interpretation of the Bible.
It is true that vast numbers could not read but the Church was not to blame for that. However, scholars point out that even illiterate Catholics knew the basic Scriptural content of the Bible, not by reading, but through the medium of art, sculpture, sermons, Passion and Miracle Plays, etc., prepared and organized by the Church.
St. Jerome proclaimed: "The ignorance of Scriptures is ignorance of Jesus."
In conclusion it is highly recommended that our misled brothers and sisters dig into history deeply enough to unveil the truth. As they said in ancient Rome: historia est magistra vitae. History is the teaching Master of Life.
The Bible before Martin Luther. - Free Online Library