Why legalism is not good, and why context matters.

[MatthewG]

One thing most of us can agree on—the Bible is a wonderful and helpful guide. It’s full of wisdom that can deepen our understanding of the Old Testament and the teachings of the apostles. Exploring what’s written in those pages is a truly meaningful journey. And when you dig in, something powerful becomes clear: God delights in faith and in those who genuinely seek Him.

Yes, the Bible contains the words of God, but it’s faith—our trust in Him—that draws us closer and pleases Him. Scripture even says He rewards those who earnestly seek Him. That’s not just encouraging—it’s transformational.

Now, here’s something I feel strongly about. It’s easy to fall into the trap of valuing Scripture more than the One who gave it. That’s exactly what happened with the Pharisees, and I know that path all too well—I’ve been there. I used to judge others, thinking I was better, even praying things like, “At least I’m not like them, Lord.” Meanwhile, there was a sinner simply crying out, “God, have mercy on me.” That moment humbles me deeply because I see now how much of my old mindset came from pride and flesh, not genuine connection.

These days, when I read Yeshua’s words, I still find spiritual wisdom, but I also recognize something important—He was speaking to real people in real moments. Context matters. Understanding who He was talking to opens up a whole new level of insight.

So if you’re thinking about diving back into Scripture, I pray the Spirit leads you into all truth. And remember—if the Son sets you free, you are truly free.

Free from what? From burdens. From shame. From trying to earn your way through rules. You’re free to walk your own personal path with God. Some may choose a legalistic road, and that’s their choice, but true transformation comes from abiding in Yeshua—letting Him shape your heart, and letting the Father work within you.

Because in the end, God says He’ll write His truth on the hearts and minds of His people. The Bible is there as a guide, but the Spirit is what leads us.

 

[MatthewG]

Christian legalism is a term used to describe a belief system or practice within Christianity where salvation and spiritual standing before God are perceived as achievable through strict adherence to rules and regulations, often exceeding or distorting biblical teachings. It's characterized by a focus on external actions and rituals as the primary means of pleasing God, rather than a relationship with God built on grace and faith.

Here's a more detailed explanation:
Key Characteristics of Legalism:

• Earning Salvation:
  Legalism emphasizes that salvation can be earned through one's own efforts and obedience to rules, rather than being a free gift received through faith in Jesus Christ.
  
  
• • Focus on External Actions:
    It prioritizes outward conformity to rules and regulations, often neglecting the importance of a transformed heart and genuine love for God and others.
    
  • Elevating Human Rules:
    Legalism can involve elevating man-made rules and traditions to the same level as or even above biblical commandments, potentially distorting the true meaning of scripture.
    
  • Judgment and Condemnation:
    Legalistic individuals or groups may tend to judge and condemn others based on their conformity to these man-made rules, creating division and hindering genuine fellowship.
    
  • Loss of Joy and Freedom:
    Legalism can lead to a joyless and burdensome Christian life, as individuals strive to earn God's favor through endless rules and regulations, rather than experiencing the freedom and grace found in Christ.
    
  • Misunderstanding of the Law:
    Legalism often misinterprets the purpose of God's law, which is intended to point people to their need for a Savior and to guide them in living a life that pleases God, not to be a means of earning salvation.
    

Biblical Perspective:
The Bible, particularly the New Testament, emphasizes that salvation is a gift received through faith in Jesus Christ, not through works of the law. Scripture also highlights the importance of grace, love, and a transformed heart as essential aspects of the Christian life.

Examples of Legalism:

• • Strict dietary restrictions or dress codes:
    .Opens in new tab
    Imposing rules about what Christians can eat, wear, or consume, without clear biblical basis, can be a form of legalism.
    
  • Insisting on specific forms of worship or church practices:
    .Opens in new tab
    Demanding strict adherence to particular styles of worship, music, or church governance can be legalistic if they are not explicitly supported by scripture.
    
  • Judging others based on their level of obedience to rules:
    .Opens in new tab
    Looking down on or condemning other Christians for not adhering to the same rules or standards as oneself can be a manifestation of legalism.
    

In essence, Christian legalism is a distortion of the gospel message, leading people away from the freedom and grace found in Christ and toward a performance-based system of religion.

 

[PS95]

Christian legalism is a term used to describe a belief system or practice within Christianity where salvation and spiritual standing before God are perceived as achievable through strict adherence to rules and regulations, often exceeding or distorting biblical teachings. It's characterized by a focus on external actions and rituals as the primary means of pleasing God, rather than a relationship with God built on grace and faith.

Here's a more detailed explanation:
Key Characteristics of Legalism:

• Earning Salvation:
  Legalism emphasizes that salvation can be earned through one's own efforts and obedience to rules, rather than being a free gift received through faith in Jesus Christ.
  
  
• • Focus on External Actions:
    It prioritizes outward conformity to rules and regulations, often neglecting the importance of a transformed heart and genuine love for God and others.
  • Elevating Human Rules:
    Legalism can involve elevating man-made rules and traditions to the same level as or even above biblical commandments, potentially distorting the true meaning of scripture.
  • Judgment and Condemnation:
    Legalistic individuals or groups may tend to judge and condemn others based on their conformity to these man-made rules, creating division and hindering genuine fellowship.
  • Loss of Joy and Freedom:
    Legalism can lead to a joyless and burdensome Christian life, as individuals strive to earn God's favor through endless rules and regulations, rather than experiencing the freedom and grace found in Christ.
  • Misunderstanding of the Law:
    Legalism often misinterprets the purpose of God's law, which is intended to point people to their need for a Savior and to guide them in living a life that pleases God, not to be a means of earning salvation.

Biblical Perspective:
The Bible, particularly the New Testament, emphasizes that salvation is a gift received through faith in Jesus Christ, not through works of the law. Scripture also highlights the importance of grace, love, and a transformed heart as essential aspects of the Christian life.

Examples of Legalism:

• • Strict dietary restrictions or dress codes:
    .Opens in new tab
    Imposing rules about what Christians can eat, wear, or consume, without clear biblical basis, can be a form of legalism.
  • Insisting on specific forms of worship or church practices:
    .Opens in new tab
    Demanding strict adherence to particular styles of worship, music, or church governance can be legalistic if they are not explicitly supported by scripture.
  • Judging others based on their level of obedience to rules:
    .Opens in new tab
    Looking down on or condemning other Christians for not adhering to the same rules or standards as oneself can be a manifestation of legalism.

In essence, Christian legalism is a distortion of the gospel message, leading people away from the freedom and grace found in Christ and toward a performance-based system of religion.

I think Paul's sums it up in Titus rather well-- Titus 2

11For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all people, 12 instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires and to live sensibly, righteously, and in a godly manner in the present age, 13looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus, 14who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every lawless deed, and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, eager for good deeds.

15These things speak and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. No one is to disregard you.



We are to deny ungodliness. The inward work of the Spirit urges us and helps us to do this. We are all growing. People who make extra rules are not being led by the Spirit to demand those things. Is it a matter of us not knowing what godliness is? No, God's law is written on our hearts as we walk in the Spirit and only by the Spirit of God should we walk.
Wordly desires- lust of the flesh and the eyes and the pride of life.. 1 John 2:15-16

When we love one another and love God we obey God. No one lies or steals or murders etc when they love. No one calls Jesus accursed or has idols etc if they love God.. The command is to love God and one another. We only love God because of His love shown to us first. We should always be ready to help others even if that means correction. There are people who teach that sin is fine if you are saved. That's wrong. The Spirit doesn't guide us into sin. That is our flesh.

 

[MatthewG]

I think Paul's sums it up in Titus rather well-- Titus 2

11For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all people, 12 instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires and to live sensibly, righteously, and in a godly manner in the present age, 13looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus, 14who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every lawless deed, and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, eager for good deeds.

15These things speak and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. No one is to disregard you.

What about it?

 

[PS95]

What about it?

? I wrote a little underneath. That's all. I don't disagree with you but there are some people that go too far on both sides!
Legalism or anything goes since we are forgiven... BOTH are wrong.

 

[MatthewG]

? I wrote a little underneath. That's all. I don't disagree with you but there are some people that go too far on both sides!
Legalism or anything goes since we are forgiven... BOTH are wrong.

Hello Ps95,

In light of Jesus’ teachings, I resonate with Paul’s confession that he was a sinner—and I too acknowledge my imperfections. Though I’ve grown—I don’t harbor as much hatred or lean into dishonesty the way I once did—there are still moments where frustration or even dishonesty surfaces. That said, I don’t believe my sin separates me from God entirely. What I do believe is that people reap what they sow, both in this life and in the life to come. Actions have consequences, but God’s grace remains available.

Jesus taught that it’s not just our outward actions, but what emerges from the heart, that defiles us. As Mark 7:20–23 reminds us, “From within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts… All these evil things come from within and defile a man.” I accept this truth, and while I’m not perfect, I believe Yeshua, who lives within me, is perfect.

Some claim a person will completely cease sinning before death, but I believe that as long as we live in the flesh, we’ll continue to wrestle with it. However, by surrendering our hearts to God and abiding in Him, we cultivate a desire to sin less and reflect more of what His Spirit produces within us.

As Jesus affirms in John 15:5: “I am the vine; you are the branches. Those who remain in me, and I in them, will produce much fruit. For apart from me you can do nothing.”

Paul expands on this transformation in Galatians 5, first acknowledging the works of the flesh—immorality, hatred, jealousy, and more—which lead us away from God’s kingdom. But then he illustrates the fruits of the Spirit: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. These attributes flow from a heart aligned with Christ. For those who belong to Christ Jesus, the old desires have been crucified. Therefore, we are called to walk in step with the Spirit, avoiding conceit, provocation, and envy.

 

[MatthewG]

I’ll be honest—I still enjoy watching a good horror flick, bumping some rap or metal from time to time, indulging in a little too much food, and yeah, I appreciate beautiful women. I’ve got my weaknesses, just like anybody else. I’m no different than the next person trying to navigate life.

And the incredible thing? Jesus went through every kind of temptation too.

Hebrews 4:15 reminds us that Jesus was tempted in every way we are, but without sin. That means He truly understands what it’s like to struggle. He gets us. He sympathizes with our weaknesses because He’s lived it.

That’s why I say—praise the Lord Yeshua, and praise our Father in Heaven for sending Him! He did what I could never do, and I’m beyond grateful.

Being transparent and honest can really catch people off guard, especially since most of us tend to tuck away our messy, complicated parts. But Yeshua reminded us of something powerful: when we come to our Father in Heaven, He already knows it all—and that’s okay. He wants us to come to Him just as we are, open and real. There’s no need to pretend, because His love runs deeper than our secrets.

Luke 8:17 For nothing is secret that will not be revealed, nor anything hidden that will not be known and come to light.

It’s sad how many people fear God, not realizing He loves them more than they can imagine. That kind of misunderstanding can keep someone from experiencing the grace and peace He’s offering.

And let’s be honest—it’s heartbreaking to see how much judgment and condemnation exists out there. So many people are hurting, and sometimes that pain gets projected onto others. But I believe God sees that too. He cares deeply for every wounded heart, and He’s always reaching out with love, not shame.

Psalm 34:18

Yahavah is close to the brokenhearted
and saves those who are crushed in spirit.

 

[PS95]

Hello Ps95,

In light of Jesus’ teachings, I resonate with Paul’s confession that he was a sinner—and I too acknowledge my imperfections. Though I’ve grown—I don’t harbor as much hatred or lean into dishonesty the way I once did—there are still moments where frustration or even dishonesty surfaces. That said, I don’t believe my sin separates me from God entirely. What I do believe is that people reap what they sow, both in this life and in the life to come. Actions have consequences, but God’s grace remains available.

I Agree and relate. . We are all a work in progress.

Jesus taught that it’s not just our outward actions, but what emerges from the heart, that defiles us. As Mark 7:20–23 reminds us, “From within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts… All these evil things come from within and defile a man.” I accept this truth, and while I’m not perfect, I believe Yeshua, who lives within me, is perfect.

Yes, It's definitely and inward change done by the Spirit of Christ in us that also produces outward changes. It's just amazing how He works in us.

Some claim a person will completely cease sinning before death, but I believe that as long as we live in the flesh, we’ll continue to wrestle with it. However, by surrendering our hearts to God and abiding in Him, we cultivate a desire to sin less and reflect more of what His Spirit produces within us.

Yes I have heard that too. I think some sins we don't even notice. You know in our thoughts. I know that God made me notice sins that I didn't see before in my thoughts. I'm sure there are more. WE k now that Jesus taught about murder just being anger and lust in the heart.. I'm sure there are many others.

As Jesus affirms in John 15:5: “I am the vine; you are the branches. Those who remain in me, and I in them, will produce much fruit. For apart from me you can do nothing.”

Absolutley!

Paul expands on this transformation in Galatians 5, first acknowledging the works of the flesh—immorality, hatred, jealousy, and more—which lead us away from God’s kingdom. But then he illustrates the fruits of the Spirit: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. These attributes flow from a heart aligned with Christ. For those who belong to Christ Jesus, the old desires have been crucified. Therefore, we are called to walk in step with the Spirit, avoiding conceit, provocation, and envy.

Amen.

 

[PS95]

I’ll be honest—I still enjoy watching a good horror flick, bumping some rap or metal from time to time, indulging in a little too much food, and yeah, I appreciate beautiful women. I’ve got my weaknesses, just like anybody else. I’m no different than the next person trying to navigate life.

I tend not to want to watch horror movies but that's because I have had enough horrors in real life. I love to eat, but I do try to fast since it helps me to be self- disciplined and is really good for you. As time went by for me, I lost interest in things that don't bring me closer to God or bring me peace. It wasn't all at once, that's for sure- it came with time-- in realizing I was better w/o some stuff. There is no sin enjoying music- but for me some lyrics now bug me that didn't used to. The stuff I used to listen to and didn't even realize what was being said to me..was eye opening. There still is a ton of good stuff without the trash lyrics. I like a lot of old hymn too though. You can really relate to what they are saying which is cool.

And the incredible thing? Jesus went through every kind of temptation too.

Yes and had no sin. You can't tempt Him to sin! Won't work! So He knows how to help us and He does always show the way out. Key is to keep our eyes on Him..

That’s why I say—praise the Lord Yeshua, and praise our Father in Heaven for sending Him! He did what I could never do, and I’m beyond grateful.

Me too. WE love because he first loved us.

Being transparent and honest can really catch people off guard, especially since most of us tend to tuck away our messy, complicated parts. But Yeshua reminded us of something powerful: when we come to our Father in Heaven, He already knows it all—and that’s okay. He wants us to come to Him just as we are, open and real. There’s no need to pretend, because His love runs deeper than our secrets.

Nothing worse than the holier than thou attitude who says they never mess up. I mess up. Not like I used to that's for sure. I didn't used to even care. I was very rebellious.- not proud of it but it's true. Absolutely He knows it all and we can't fake a thing.

It’s sad how many people fear God, not realizing He loves them more than they can imagine. That kind of misunderstanding can keep someone from experiencing the grace and peace He’s offering.

Amen. I didn't understand His love...

And let’s be honest—it’s heartbreaking to see how much judgment and condemnation exists out there. So many people are hurting, and sometimes that pain gets projected onto others. But I believe God sees that too. He cares deeply for every wounded heart, and He’s always reaching out with love, not shame.

Psalm 34:18

Amen.

 

[MatthewG]

When I speak about Jesus being tempted, I mean He truly faced temptation. As James 1:14 reminds us: "Temptation comes from our own desires, which entice us and drag us away." Hebrews 4:15 reminds us that Jesus was tempted in every way we are, but without sin. That means He truly understands what it’s like to struggle. He gets us. He sympathizes with our weaknesses because He’s lived it.

I've previously discussed this in a video—Jesus did experience temptation. However, it was through the sustaining power of His Father that He remained without sin.

This process was essential: it enabled Jesus, by His own will, to choose to surrender His life—both in love for his Father and out of love for the world.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Thank you for Ps95 sharing some of his own thoughts, and his insights. This particular thing I do want to expound upon.

 

[ScottA]

One thing most of us can agree on—the Bible is a wonderful and helpful guide. It’s full of wisdom that can deepen our understanding of the Old Testament and the teachings of the apostles. Exploring what’s written in those pages is a truly meaningful journey. And when you dig in, something powerful becomes clear: God delights in faith and in those who genuinely seek Him.

Yes, the Bible contains the words of God, but it’s faith—our trust in Him—that draws us closer and pleases Him. Scripture even says He rewards those who earnestly seek Him. That’s not just encouraging—it’s transformational.

Now, here’s something I feel strongly about. It’s easy to fall into the trap of valuing Scripture more than the One who gave it. That’s exactly what happened with the Pharisees, and I know that path all too well—I’ve been there. I used to judge others, thinking I was better, even praying things like, “At least I’m not like them, Lord.” Meanwhile, there was a sinner simply crying out, “God, have mercy on me.” That moment humbles me deeply because I see now how much of my old mindset came from pride and flesh, not genuine connection.

These days, when I read Yeshua’s words, I still find spiritual wisdom, but I also recognize something important—He was speaking to real people in real moments. Context matters. Understanding who He was talking to opens up a whole new level of insight.

So if you’re thinking about diving back into Scripture, I pray the Spirit leads you into all truth. And remember—if the Son sets you free, you are truly free.

Free from what? From burdens. From shame. From trying to earn your way through rules. You’re free to walk your own personal path with God. Some may choose a legalistic road, and that’s their choice, but true transformation comes from abiding in Yeshua—letting Him shape your heart, and letting the Father work within you.

Because in the end, God says He’ll write His truth on the hearts and minds of His people. The Bible is there as a guide, but the Spirit is what leads us.

Legalism should be considered the providence of God alone. It is one thing to hold up a standard or a law against the enemy, but quite another to do so against the lost, or those searching, or saved. Such a great mantle should only be taken up under direct appointment by God. It is enough that we speak for Him when we share what He has done--this is our witness, which has its rightful place in many areas of spiritually given gifts. Taking up such a great mantle as say, "thus says the Lord", by God, better be--by God.

As for context, this is a bit more complex than simply following the historical narrative. To the contrary, there are many biblical examples where the words of one context seem to be plucked out as if for personal use and confirmation of a completely different context. This is because much of scripture is a record of events that foreshadow future events, making the future context actually greater. One example is the real and worldly sufferings of David recorded in the Psalms--rightfully and historically David's own context--that not only speak "of" Christ, but were spoken of "by" Christ...perfectly describing His own greater historic experience and context.

There are many more, but another good example is Paul (and also Christ) seemingly plagiarizing the writings of the Law, saying "by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall be established" in defense of his gospel authority.

The only clear context rule then, should only be considered appropriate when every point being made is regarding that immediate context. Which excludes nothing regarding possible future events, for that--as the scriptures demonstrate--is determined by God alone.

 

[NotTheRock]

And let’s be honest—it’s heartbreaking to see how much judgment and condemnation exists out there.

Do you believe that some are punished forever?

 

[NotTheRock]

Most of the folks on this forum that frequently engage in doctrinal arguments are legalists.

The only "law", assuming we can call it that, is to love God and one another. That's it.

Matthew 22:36-40
New International Version
36 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”

37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’[a] 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”

 

[MatthewG]

Do you believe that some are punished forever?

I believe Christians are chastened.

 

[MatthewG]

Legalism should be considered the providence of God alone. It is one thing to hold up a standard or a law against the enemy, but quite another to do so against the lost, or those searching, or saved. Such a great mantle should only be taken up under direct appointment by God. It is enough that we speak for Him when we share what He has done--this is our witness, which has its rightful place in many areas of spiritually given gifts. Taking up such a great mantle as say, "thus says the Lord", by God, better be--by God.

As for context, this is a bit more complex than simply following the historical narrative. To the contrary, there are many biblical examples where the words of one context seem to be plucked out as if for personal use and confirmation of a completely different context. This is because much of scripture is a record of events that foreshadow future events, making the future context actually greater. One example is the real and worldly sufferings of David recorded in the Psalms--rightfully and historically David's own context--that not only speak "of" Christ, but were spoken of "by" Christ...perfectly describing His own greater historic experience and context.

There are many more, but another good example is Paul (and also Christ) seemingly plagiarizing the writings of the Law, saying "by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall be established" in defense of his gospel authority.

The only clear context rule then, should only be considered appropriate when every point being made is regarding that immediate context. Which excludes nothing regarding possible future events, for that--as the scriptures demonstrate--is determined by God alone.

Thank you for sharing some of your points of view, ScottA.

 

[MatthewG]

I just simply asked: Microsoft Copilot: Your AI companion

What is Legalism?

Legalism, in a Christian context, refers to a belief system that emphasizes strict adherence to laws or rules as the basis for righteousness or salvation—often at the expense of grace, faith, and relationship with God 2.

Here’s a breakdown of what legalism typically involves:

Core Characteristics​

• Rule-based righteousness: Believing that following religious rules or traditions earns favor or salvation from God.
• External conformity: Focusing on outward behavior rather than inward transformation or heart posture.
• Human traditions elevated: Treating man-made rules as if they were divine commandments.
• Judgmental attitudes: Often leads to pride, comparison, and condemnation of others who don’t meet the same standards.

Why It’s Considered Problematic​

• Undermines grace: Legalism shifts the focus from salvation by faith to salvation by works, which contradicts core biblical teachings like Ephesians 2:8–9.
• Distorts God’s character: It can portray God as a harsh taskmaster rather than a loving Father.
• Stifles spiritual growth: It discourages authentic relationship and dependence on the Holy Spirit.

Biblical Examples​

• Pharisees: Jesus often rebuked them for their legalistic mindset—honoring traditions while neglecting justice, mercy, and faithfulness (Matthew 23:23).
• Galatians: Paul warns against returning to the law as a means of justification, emphasizing that righteousness comes through faith in Christ (Galatians 2:16).

️ The Alternative: Grace-Based Living​

Instead of legalism, Scripture calls believers to live by grace—motivated by love for God, empowered by the Spirit, and guided by truth. Obedience flows from relationship, not obligation.

 

[NotTheRock]

I believe Christians are chastened.

That didn't answer my question.

 

[MatthewG]

That didn't answer my question.

Okay. I think people punish themselves.

 

[Muna]

So if you’re thinking about diving back into Scripture, I pray the Spirit leads you into all truth. And remember—if the Son sets you free, you are truly free.

Free from what? From burdens. From shame.

MatthewG I will have to differ with you on this point here

The Son of God was speaking of being made free from sin

John 8:34 Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin.

John 8:36 If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed.

And Paul's words agree with the Lord's words that it's about having been made free from sin

Rom 6:18 Being then made free from sin, ye became the servants of righteousness.
Rom 6:20 For when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free from righteousness.
Rom 6:22 But now being made free from sin, and become servants to God, ye have
your fruit unto holiness, and the end everlasting life.

Made free from Sin (not shame specifically )

Although both sin and shame are shown together here

1Cr 15:24 Awake to righteousness, and sin not; for some have not the knowledge of God:
(( I speak this to your shame ))

 

[MatthewG]

Hello @Truly,

Yes—people really are set free from the sinful patterns they once held onto, like resentment, grudges, hatred, and more.

I don’t think it’s necessarily about things like smoking ( but if a person is set free of those habits great the heart is the most important), but more about the transformation from the “old self” to the “new” in Christ. As we choose to abide in Him and follow His lead, our lives begin to bear the fruit of the Spirit naturally.

And old heart of hardness into a softer heart of light.

Thanks so much for bringing that up—it’s a meaningful reminder.

Freedom from sin isn’t just about behavior—it’s about being set free from the grip of the old nature. Sure, the flesh and spirit will wrestle with each other throughout our lives, but the desire to hurt others or hold onto bitterness fades more and more over time when we’re walking with Christ.