Perhaps we should consider how Israelite people understand verse 31. Their understanding of the Hebrew text goes something like this: -
31 Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make like new again the covenant I had with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
The next verse tells us which covenant that God will renew with the nation of Israel.
Shalom
Yes and that Israel is ? They who are Saved in Christ Jesus in fact ! for they are with him !
No one who was lost was worthy of Israel in fact !
2 people in the Bible were Israel, one by a messenger = an Angel and the other was called such by Jesus himself.
Jacob was not born Israel ! he was Jacob and became Jacob Israel in fact ! for good reason !
Just as Nathaniel and Jesus said what he would see ! see that issue, it was given for very good reason.
The Tribe of Israel is one thing, but it does not make one an Israel ! Worthy !
Their are Tribes of Israel as well and out of Jacob regarding his Sons, only 2 of them are Jacobs true Sons.
See how one of them became so great ! and his baby brother was seen as great as well !
The others were not his true Line regarding God, as he never wanted them women, he was tricked and forced into such with the first and the other two women were not married to Jacob.