Not until the fourth century C.E. did the teaching that the Holy Spirit was a person and part of the triune “Godhead” become official Catholic church dogma. That means that the Holy Spirit, to Jesus first century Jewish audience, was an “it”, not a “he”.
e.g. In the wilderness after their liberation from Egypt, Moses was finding it difficult because the people were complaining and he was not coping well.
”Then the Lord said to Moses, “Gather for me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the elders of the people and officers over them, and bring them to the tent of meeting, and let them take their stand there with you. And I will come down and talk with you there. And I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them, and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, so that you may not bear it yourself alone.“ (ESV)
The Hebrew word used there is “
rûaḥ” and it means….”wind, breath, mind, spirit”. It was a redistribution of God’s power….not splitting himself up into pieces.
Can you take some of a person and give it to others? Similarly when the disciples received Holy Spirit at Pentecost, it was distributed among 120 of Jesus faithful followers empowering them to perform miracles and speak in foreign languages….again a distribution of power, not the distribution of a person.
Jesus himself was given the power of the Holy Spirit at his baptism, and could thereafter perform miracles.
As a mortal human, he had no miraculous power before then.
The early church “fathers” did not teach that God’s spirit was a “he”.
Justin Martyr of the second century C.E. taught that the holy spirit was an ‘influence or mode of operation of the Deity’. Hippolytus likewise ascribed no personality to the holy spirit.
The Scriptures themselves show that God’s holy spirit is not a person but is the administration of God’s power by which he accomplishes his purpose and executes his will.
It is never called a “ghost” in the Bible, which is a mistranslation of a German word “Geist”, meaning “spirit”.
In studying Greek grammar, we find “he” used when the Holy Spirit is mentioned because it is described as a “helper” (
paraklētos)…which according to Strongs, is masculine gender and means….
“summoned, called to one's side, esp. called to one's aid….
- one who pleads another's cause before a judge, a pleader, counsel for defense, legal assistant, an advocate
- one who pleads another's cause with one, an intercessor”.
So Jesus spoke of the holy spirit as a “helper” and spoke of this helper as ‘teaching,’ ‘bearing witness,’ ‘giving evidence,’ ‘guiding,’ ‘speaking,’ ‘hearing,’ and ‘receiving.’ In so doing, the original Greek shows Jesus at times applying the masculine personal pronoun to that “helper”.….We all know what pronouns are these days don’t we?
So the two Greek words used for God’s “spirit” are
“pneuma” and “paraklētos”…..neither of which makes the Holy Spirit a person.
I know that this truth will ruffle some feathers but it is easily verifiable using Christendom’s own resources….but apparently not taught in any theological colleges, for obvious reasons.