Since Romans 13:1 has been mentioned so often, what else does the apostle Paul say about our obedience to Governmental authority? Continuing from verse 1....
“Every person should place themselves under the authority of the government. There isn’t any authority unless it comes from God, and the authorities that are there have been put in place by God. So anyone who opposes the authority is standing against what God has established. People who take this kind of stand will get punished. The authorities don’t frighten people who are doing the right thing. Rather, they frighten people who are doing wrong. Would you rather not be afraid of authority? Do what’s right, and you will receive its approval. It is God’s servant given for your benefit. But if you do what’s wrong, be afraid because it doesn’t have weapons to enforce the law for nothing. It is God’s servant put in place to carry out his punishment on those who do what is wrong. That is why it is necessary to place yourself under the government’s authority, not only to avoid God’s punishment but also for the sake of your conscience. You should also pay taxes for the same reason, because the authorities are God’s assistants, concerned with this very thing. So pay everyone what you owe them. Pay the taxes you owe, pay the duties you are charged, give respect to those you should respect, and honor those you should honor.” (CEB)
How are we to understand Paul’s words?
These governments rule by God’s permission....not that he placed them in power individually.
The Greek word “tasʹso” used here is defined in various lexicons as “to bring about an order of things by arranging; to put in place; to draw up in order; to set in a certain order; to appoint.”
So we have to ask what is achieved by the existence of these worldly governments? What would our relative nations look like without them? Could we exist happily in chaos?.....a worse chaos than what we already deal with in this world?
Luke uses the same Greek word when rendering an army officer’s words: “I too am a man placed [form of tasʹso] under authority [form of e·xou·siʹa,the same word rendered “authority; authorities” at Rom 13:1-3], having soldiers under me.” This army officer had someone placed over him, and he had “soldiers under” him; so his “authority” was relative in relation to others.
I believe this is the understanding of what this governmental authority means.....it is relative, as we see in the first century.
When the authorities forbade the Christians from preaching their message, what was their response?
After successfully healing many people in various towns and villages.....
“The high priest, together with his allies, the Sadducees, was overcome with jealousy. They seized the apostles and made a public show of putting them in prison. An angel from the Lord opened the prison doors during the night and led them out. The angel told them, “Go, take your place in the temple, and tell the people everything about this new life.” Early in the morning, they went into the temple as they had been told and began to teach. When the high priest and his colleagues gathered, they convened the Jerusalem Council, that is, the full assembly of Israel’s elders. They sent word to the prison to have the apostles brought before them. However, the guards didn’t find them in the prison. They returned and reported, “We found the prison locked and well-secured, with guards standing at the doors, but when we opened the doors we found no one inside!”. . . . Just then, someone arrived and announced, “Look! The people you put in prison are standing in the temple and teaching the people!” Then the captain left with his guards and brought the apostles back. They didn’t use force because they were afraid the people would stone them. The apostles were brought before the council where the high priest confronted them: “In no uncertain terms, we demanded that you not teach in this name. And look at you! You have filled Jerusalem with your teaching. And you are determined to hold us responsible for this man’s death.” Peter and the apostles replied, “We must obey God rather than humans! (Acts 5:17-20 CEB)
Man’s laws do not override God’s laws, but in every other instance, we are to obey those whom God has placed as having authority over us. The authority is relative. No one can force a Christian to violate their own conscience. We have no authority over governments but our obedience is not absolute. The apostles, when arrested did not resist, but left themselves in God’s capable hands.
For example, when we are told not to “return evil for evil to anyone”, (Rom 12:17-21) would we ignore God’s law to carry out man’s law? Would we take up arms to kill our fellow man, and in some cases our fellow Christians ( such as in Ukraine) when Jesus told us to be “no part of the world”....what part of the world can we become a part of? What part of this world is not ruled by satan? (1 John 5:19)
Jesus said that he was “no part of this world” and asked us to imitate him......(John 18:36) he refrained from any involvement with politics, or the false religion practiced by the Pharisees. (Matt 15:7-9) He set his disciples apart from those things that satan influences. There can be no blood on our hands. (Isa 1:15; 1 John 4:20-21)