Part 1
If you sit with Romans 11 for a while, you can almost hear Paul trying to hold two truths together at the same time: God has not abandoned Israel, and God is showing incredible mercy to the Gentiles. Right in the middle of that, he introduces the ideas you’re asking about: “blindness in part,” the “fullness of the Gentiles,” and the promise that “all Israel will be saved.” Paul calls this a “mystery” and says he doesn’t want us to be ignorant of it:
“For I do not desire, brethren, that you should be ignorant of this mystery, lest you should be wise in your own opinion: that blindness in part has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: ‘The Deliverer will come out of Zion, and He will turn away ungodliness from Jacob; for this is My covenant with them, when I take away their sins.’” (Romans 11:25–27)
Here Paul says very plainly that Israel’s blindness is partial, not total, and that it has an “until” attached to it. It lasts until “the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.” Only then does he speak of “all Israel” being saved, and he bases this on Old Testament promises about God turning away ungodliness from Jacob and taking away their sins.
Earlier in the chapter he uses the image of an olive tree to explain what is happening. The tree itself represents the people of God rooted in His covenant promises. Some of the natural branches (unbelieving Jews) have been broken off. Wild branches (Gentiles who believe in Christ) have been grafted in among the natural branches and now share the same root and fatness of the olive tree. Paul warns the Gentile believers not to boast, because they “do not support the root, but the root supports” them (Romans 11:18). He also says that if God did not spare the natural branches because of unbelief, He will not spare arrogant Gentile branches either. And then he adds this crucial line:
“And they also, if they do not continue in unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.” (Romans 11:23)
Charlie, to understand all that Paul tells us regarding Israel, we must consider everything Paul says regarding them of Israel who are children of the flesh and those who are children of the promise.
Romans 11:1-5 (KJV) I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham,
of the tribe of Benjamin.
God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying, Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life. But what saith the answer of God unto him?
I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to
the image of Baal.
Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.
Paul writes that even from the Old Covenant body God reserved only seven thousand men (remnant) for Himself. In Paul's day that had not changed because there was still only the remnant according to election of grace whom God had reserved. This shows us why only part from Israel is in blindness still and shall be in blindness until the last Gentile to be saved has been saved. Only those of Israel in unbelief are in blindness still, but never was the whole nation in blindness because there has always been an elect remnant according to grace who were/are of faith.
Of course, Israel of the flesh being of the same biological seed of Abraham Paul desires they ALL be saved; however, Paul is not a dispensationalist. Going back to chapter 9 Paul tells us that belonging to Abraham's biological seeds will NOT save them. Even though Paul's kinsmen of Old are called Israelites having the promises of God, adoption, glory, covenants, giving of the law, and the promises, whose fathers from whom Christ came of the flesh are not all saved, because the majority of them died in unbelief.
Romans 9:3-5 (KJV) For
I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh: Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises; Whose
are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ
came, who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen.
Why did all but the remnant according to election of grace die in unbelief if all the promises of God were to them of the flesh? Because, according to Paul being the seed of Abraham according to the flesh does not make them the children of God. The children of promise are not only of the seed of Abraham of the flesh. Only those in Isaac are children of God, the children of promise counted for the seed (Christ).
Romans 9:6-9 (KJV) Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For
they are not all Israel, which are of Israel: Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called. That is,
They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed. For this
is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sara shall have a son.
When the twin sons of Isaac were born God tells us He loved Jacob, but Esau was hated. Why, since they were both born of the same biological seed of flesh & blood? Because being born of flesh is not the way to be loved by God. Only those born again of the supernatural SEED (Christ) from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were ordained to be saved from before they were born. This is truth not only for Israel but also for whosoever among mankind that shall be saved.
Romans 9:13 (KJV) As it is written,
Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.
Malachi 1:2-3 (KJV) I have loved you, saith the LORD. Yet ye say, Wherein hast thou loved us?
Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD: yet I loved Jacob, And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
Paul, a man of God was familiar with Israel's beginnings. In Romans he shows why Israel of the flesh is twofold through the two sons born of the seed of Abraham, through Isaac. Which is why he quoted the prophet, showing that some called Israel after the flesh are not the sons of God, and shall never be the sons of God. Because only the one son (Isaac) shall be the stronger, and the elder son (Esau) shall serve the younger.
Genesis 25:21-23 (KJV) And Isaac intreated the LORD for his wife, because she
was barren: and the LORD was intreated of him, and Rebekah his wife conceived. And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If
it be so, why
am I thus? And she went to inquire of the LORD. And
the LORD said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and
the one people shall be stronger than
the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger.
Genesis 24:60 (KJV) And
they blessed Rebekah, and said unto her, Thou
art our sister,
be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and let thy seed possess the gate of those which hate them.
We know why Paul says Israel is in blindness only in part, because there has always been a remnant of them from the beginning who would be called the sons of God. It is the sons of God who are true Israel according to grace through faith. It is they whom Paul writes are of the election, the rest were spiritually speaking blinded. The part of Israel in blindness, like Gentiles in unbelief can still be saved. If they are saved before time given this earth for man to be saved comes to an end. Because time, not only for Israel, but for ALL mankind is finished when the fullness of the Gentiles to be saved have been saved. Once the spiritual Kingdom of God in heaven is complete through the fullness of the Gentiles, then ALL Israel according to faith shall be saved. Not Israelites according to the flesh, but Israel of God who are neither Jew nor Gentile but all the children of God.
Galatians 6:12-16 (KJV) As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they constrain you to be circumcised; only lest they should suffer persecution for the cross of Christ. For
neither they themselves who are circumcised keep the law; but desire to have you circumcised, that they may glory in your flesh. But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world.
For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature. And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and mercy, and upon the Israel of God.