To all these things, yes, as I said, God knows everything in advance of its happening. No one disputes that, I think/hope. But when we speak of God's
"those whom God foreknew" as Paul refers to them in Romans 8:29, this foreknowing is in a very different sense. And I was very clear about that in my previous post. If you want to comment on that, then you certainly may do so.
Romans 9:16 says nothing about whether man has/makes a choice or not, and actually strongly implies that man absolutely does have a choice and the capability of making it and makes it, one way or the other. But, in speaking of God's elect, as Paul does there in Romans 9, and any one person's becoming/being a member of God's elect, he is crystal clear that one's being one of God's elect
does not depend on man in any way, including making that choice or not. He is crystal clear on the fact that it depends ~
depends ~ only on God's having mercy and compassion on that person... or not. Quoting again:
"...God’s purpose of election... (God) says to Moses, 'I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.' So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, Who has mercy. For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, 'For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I might show My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.' So then He has mercy on whomever He wills, and He hardens whomever He wills" (Romans 9:13-18).
It really does not. But it can be difficult to accept; I certainly get that.
Suit yourself.
Grace and peace to you.
I once believed what you believe and what I now believe did not come overnight, it's complex.
2Petr 3:15 And count the patience of our Lord as salvation, just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote to you according to the wisdom given him,
2Petr 3:16 as he does in all his letters when he speaks in them of these matters.
There are some things in them that are hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other Scriptures.
And we are not making progress, let's consider some logic and get some possible agreement what Paul is saying in his letter to the Romans. I think we are going to agree that Paul did not contradict himself what he wrote in chapter 1, with what he wrote in chapter 9 and in chapter 11, it all has to fit.
Rom 9:15 For he says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”
Rom 9:16 So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy.
Rom 9:17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I might show my power in you, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”
Rom 9:18 So then he has mercy on whomever he wills, and he hardens whomever he wills.
versus :
Rom 11:32 For God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all.
So, is Paul contradicting himself? Of course not, so what is he talking about in 9:15-18?
It's about people who become reprobate in God's eyes, Pharaoh as one of the examples, reprobates as defined in chapter 1.
Rom 1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.
Rom 1:19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them.
Rom 1:20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse.
Rom 1:21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.
Rom 1:22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools,
Rom 1:23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.
Rom 1:24
Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves,
Rom 1:25 because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.
Rom 1:26
For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature;
Rom 1:27 and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.
Rom 1:28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God,
God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done.
Rom 1:29 They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips,
Rom 1:30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,
Rom 1:31 foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.
Rom 1:32 Though they know God's righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.
When does one become a reprobate or a vessel of wrath ?
Rom 9:22 What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power,
has endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction,
One does not become a vessel of wrath so easily, the Lord has given Pharaoh much time to repent before the Lord God decided to use him to make known his power.
For whom ?
It's in the next verse.
Rom 9:23 in order to make known the riches of his glory
for vessels of mercy, which he has prepared beforehand for glory—
Pharaoh was not innocent.
Rom 9:15-18 may read as randomness, it is not.