Why can't it simply be determined from the text itself? But that doesn't mean we disregard relevant texts outside of these texts. These other texts would be a 2nd witness, so to speak.
Notice what verse 25 plainly says---to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks
That equals 69 weeks are involved in regard unto the Messiah the Prince.
Then in verse 26 we notice this--And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself
Except we need to also consider verse 27 before deciding about when He is cutoff---and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease
That means from the time that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince until He is cutoff, it involves 69 and 1/2 weeks. Once these 69 and 1/2 weeks have gone by, the Messiah the Prince has already come and has already left. Unless one has a dispute that His first coming happened. Or unless one has a dispute that His ascension back into heaven occurred shortly after he was cutoff, and that He is still bodily in heaven as we speak.
Compared with---and the people of the prince that shall come
We know this verse should be understood like such--the prince that shall come--as in a future event in relation to the first 69 and 1/2 weeks. Therefore, it is not reasonable to take the prince that shall come to be meaning the Messiah unless one has an answer for what coming of Christ took place after the first 69 and 1/2 weeks, yet prior to His bodily return in the end of this age.
I don't have an answer for that nor would anyone have an answer for that if they view the coming in Matthew 24:30 in the same manner as me, that it is meaning His bodily return in the end of this age.
No matter how you look at it, this part--the prince that shall come--involves a coming of a prince post that of the first 69 and 1/2 weeks. And if the Messiah is meant, what then in the NT explains the Messiah coming, in any sense, post the first 69 and 1/2 weeks, yet prior to His bodily return in the end of this age?
Anyone that agrees that the prince that shall come is meaning the Messiah, yet takes Matthew 24:30 to be involving Christ's bodily return in the end of this age, are clearly confused about things and that no one should take any of their arguments serious that the prince that shall come is meaning the Messiah when they can't even remotely prove it via the NT. Let's totally disregard that Scripture interprets Scripture. In this case let's just use speculation interprets Scripture.
You, OTOH, are not taking Matthew 24:30 to be meaning the 2nd coming in the end of this age. Therefore, I'm not meaning you as well. But unless you are correct about Matthew 24:30 though, you too have zero support via the NT that the prince that shall come is meaning the Messiah, since something in the NT has to explain this coming. Except you can't use Matthew 24:30 to explain this coming if you are not interpreting Matthew 24:30 correctly to begin with. That would be a fallacy of some sort, to use something untrue to try and and prove something with.
Even without going outside of Daniel 9:25-27, we already know from these verses alone, the following facts.
that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks---And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself---and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease,
That 69 and 1/2 weeks are involved and that the Messiah has already come. But in 26b it involves a prince that shall come sometime post that of the first 69 and 1/2 weeks. In this context shall come does not equal already came earlier. It means shall come in the future, sometime post the first 69 and 1/2 weeks.
You seem to have a special rule where everything should be determined from the text alone without having to go outside of the text. Which then makes one wonder what is the point of the NT if Daniel 9:25-27 alone can explain everything? Except without the NT, how would we ever know from Daniel 9:25-27 alone that after the Messiah is cutoff, He eventually bodily left the planet altogether and is still bodily gone some 2000 years later?
No way in a million years could we ever determine that from Daniel 9:25-27 alone.
Maybe your approach to theology differs from my approach? I think Scripture should interpret Scripture when possible.
Obviously, which would not include you in this case, but anyone that insists the prince that shall come is meaning the Messiah, yet takes Matthew 24:30 to be meaning the 2nd coming in the end of this age, does not agree that Scripture interprets Scripture. Because if they did agree, Matthew 24:30 alone would be proving to them the Messiah can't remotely be meant as the prince that shall come. Because now they have to explain what other coming recorded in the NT explains the coming meant in 26b if they still stubbornly insist the prince that shall come is meaning the Messiah.?
First things first, the NT NOWHERE explains the meaning of Daniel 9. Any such use of external framework or comparing NT passages you personally think are similar and maybe explain it, are purely speculation interpreting scripture, same goes for me.
That being said, if we examine only the Masoretic Text of Daniel 9:27, the phrase “he shall make a strong covenant” contains a pronoun whose antecedent could refer either to the Messiah or to the prince mentioned in Daniel 9:26. If we are honest about the Hebrew grammar, the text itself does not identify the antecedent with absolute certainty. If one prefers a strict proximity argument, however, the nearest antecedent is “prince,” making him the more likely grammatical referent. Nevertheless, nothing in the grammar or immediate context requires the prince of verse 26b to be a separate and distinct figure from “Messiah the Prince” of verse 25. The assertion that Daniel necessarily refers to two different princes is therefore an interpretive conclusion based on a particular theological framework, not a grammatical necessity demanded by the Hebrew text.
In contrast, the Old Greek Septuagint makes a stronger distinction between the figure in verse 26b and “the Christ, the Prince” of verse 25. In the Greek text, the relevant clause reads:
- “The kingdom of the nations will destroy the city and the sanctuary with the Christ.”
This construction presents the Christ as being associated with the destruction rather than identifying Him as the agent who performs it or as the ruler responsible for it.
Furthermore, in verse 27, the Old Greek differs significantly from the Masoretic Text. The subject of the verb is not a personal pronoun referring back to either the Christ or the prince; rather, the text presents the covenant itself as the grammatical subject. It states that the covenant will prevail or remain in force for many. Therefore, unlike the Masoretic Text, the Old Greek does not contain an ambiguous masculine pronoun in verse 27 whose antecedent must be identified.
The Theodotion Greek text, however, differs from both the Masoretic Text and the Old Greek in verse 26b:
- “[He] shall destroy the city and the sanctuary with the coming prince.”
Grammatically, this construction also contains an implied subject, since the verb διαφθερεῖ (“he shall destroy”) does not explicitly state who performs the action. The nearest explicit nominative subject is the anointed one from the preceding clause (χρῖσμα), making him the strongest grammatical candidate for the implied subject. The phrase “the coming prince” (τῷ ἡγουμένῳ τῷ ἐρχομένῳ) is in the dative case and functions with σύν (“with”), indicating association rather than agency. Therefore, on a strictly grammatical reading, Theodotion most naturally presents the anointed one as the implied subject who destroys the city and sanctuary together with the coming prince.
As for verse 27 in Theodotion, the phrase “he shall confirm a covenant” (καὶ δυναμώσει διαθήκην πολλοῖς) likewise does not provide an explicit subject. The antecedent must be inferred from the context. The possible candidates are the previously mentioned figures—the coming prince or the anointed one/Christ—but the Greek text itself does not explicitly identify which figure is intended.
So, regarding the identity of the prince, the Masoretic Text does not provide a clear grammatical or contextual distinction requiring that the prince in verse 26b be a different figure from “Messiah the Prince” in verse 25. The argument that these are two separate princes is therefore based on interpretation rather than an explicit grammatical distinction within the text itself.
In contrast, the Theodotion Greek text creates a clearer distinction between the “coming prince” of verse 26b and “the Christ, the Prince” of verse 25 by using different constructions and terminology. Additionally, the Old Greek text does not mention a prince at all in verse 26b; instead, it replaces the figure with “the kingdom of the nations,” presenting the destruction of the city and sanctuary in connection with that kingdom rather than with a distinct prince figure.