How to study the Bible is actually a pretty important matter. Everyone is affected by the Bible preaching or teaching they have grown up with. A Bible teacher not only teaches the Bible, but he also, whether he knows it or not, is teaching a method of Bible study. His method is understood by those he is teaching and received.
1.) The literal verses the spiritual approach is usually so ingrained in the believer that seldom do they ever leave the one they have grown up in. And these are very general terms as those who approach the Bible literally interpret many passages as symbols or metaphors etc. etc. And the same is true with those who interpret spiritually or allegorically. They believe many things literally in the Bible. The difference usually is what we are determining as literal or spiritual. In other words, because one interprets literally doesn't mean he doesn't interpret spiritually at times. And the one who interprets spiritually doesn't mean he doesn't interpret literal at times. My point here is this: whatever camp you are in, literal or spiritual, be willing to look at the subject and how it is presented in the Bible, and determine if this should be interpreted literally or spiritually. Why or why not?
2.) To a new believer or one who is new to Bible study, I would start with Bible introduction. Get a commentary on the introduction of the Old Testament or introduction to the New Testament. It should provide information on each book and give it's overall theme and an outline of the book to follow. Have a study Bible with you that you are willing to write and underline in. And write all in your commentary concerning things you deem important. Have a spiral notebook that you are using to take notes in as you study your commentary. Write down your own opinions and thoughts concerning what the Bible says and what the commentary says. You may not agree with the commentator. That's fine. Keep your spiral notebooks as you will use them over and over again. Truths learned are added to, but not changed.
3.) Once one has gone through both the Old and New Testaments in an introduction way, then they can move to either a topical method of Bible study or a book by book method. Topical involves systematic study of theology. Of God, of Christ, of salvation, of last things, etc. etc. Or just subjects such as baptism, or the kingdom. Book by book is exactly as it says. Choose a book of the Bible to study verse by verse, skipping nothing. Everything said in #(2) above as to how to study, should be observed with topical and book by book also. Don't worry about making mistakes or being wrong in something you write down. We are learning.
4.) When one sets themselves to do serious Bible study, I can assure you the Holy Spirit will open up many truths to you.
Stranger