Since four rounds of balloting are taken every day until a candidate receives two-thirds of the vote. In the past, 15 to 20 days after a papal vacancy, the cardinals gathered in St. Peter's Basilica for a Mass invoking the guidance of the Holy Spirit in electing a new Pope. Only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote in a conclave.
So far, so good.
Question: What makes a "cardinal" incorruptible?
Answer: No Catholic ever claimed any cardinal to be impeccable or incorruptible. They are sinners like everybody else.
For example, a Pope is voted in by cardinals, what makes a cardinal worthy?
A cardinal is worthy by virtue of his office, an office he knows he is not worthy to have in the first place.
is it an exam or test he must pass?
A cardinal is the same as a bishop but with extra duties.
And, if so, then couldn't anyone pass that same exam and then be worthy to vote in a Pope.
The "exam" has developed from the criteria set forth by St. Paul for those in formation to be ordained. The essence of Paul's criteria has never changed. Disunity is strongly condemned, it's one of St. Paul's tests. If there is an ordination in your town, I suggested you attend.
Haven't some early Popes bought their way into the papacy?
The 'bad pope argument' fails because it doesn't disprove the doctrine of the papacy, contrary to what you may have been taught.
Is not the Pope voted into an incorruptible office by corruptible man?
Jesus promised He would never leave us, you either believe that, and other promises in the Bible, or you don't. The Pope is not infallible by himself. He admits to being a sinner. His opinions, sermons and interviews are not infallible. The Church has no authority on anything outside of faith and morals. In order for a declaration to be infallible, it must be rooted in the
Deposit of Faith.
And, once in power, have not a few proceeded to become drunken with power, deeming heresies?
The basic assumptions the typical Evangelical has about the papacy are part of the wallpaper in the Evangelical world. Being brought up in an independent Bible Church, I was taught that our little fellowship of Christians meeting to study the Bible, pray and sing gospel songs was like the ‘early Christians’ meeting in their house churches. I had a mental picture of ‘Catholic Pope’ which I had pieced together from a whole range of biased sources. When I heard the word ‘pope’ I pictured a corpulent Italian with the juicy name “Borgia” who drank a lot of wine, was supposed to be celibate, but who not only had mistresses, but sons who he called ‘nephews’. This ‘pope’ had big banquets in one of his many palaces, was very rich, rode out to war when he felt like it and liked to tell Michelangelo how to paint. That this ‘pope’ was a later invention of the corrupt Catholic Church was simply part of the whole colorful story.
But of course, the idea that the florid Renaissance pope is typical of all popes is not a Catholic invention,
but a Protestant one. Protestantism has been compelled to rewrite all history according to it’s own necessities. As French historian Augustin Thierry has written, “To live, Protestantism found itself forced to build up a history of its own.”
The five basic assumptions of non-Catholic Christians can be corrected by looking at the history of the early church. Did Jesus envision and plan a monarchical papacy? Was the early church de-centralized? Was the early church essentially local and congregational? Did the early church only become hierarchical after the emperor was converted? Did Leo the Great invent the papacy in the fifth century? To examine this we’ll have to put on one side the preconceptions and mental images of Borgia popes and get down to ‘just the facts ma’am.’
Did Jesus Plan a Monarchical Papacy?
Jesus certainly did not plan for the inflated and corrupt popes of the popular imagination. He intended to found a church, but the church was not democratic in structure. It was established with clear individual leadership. In Matthew 16.18-19 Jesus says to Simon Peter, “You are Peter, and on this Rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hell will not overcome it.” So, Jesus established his church not on a congregational model, but on the model of personal leadership.
Was this a monarchical papacy? In a way it was. In Matthew 16 Jesus goes on to say to Peter, “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” This is a direct reference back to Isaiah 22.22, where the prophet recognizes Eliakim as the steward of the royal House of David. The steward was the Prime Minister of the Kingdom. The keys of the kingdom were the sign of his personal authority delegated by the king himself.
Jesus never intended a monarchical papacy in the corrupt sense of the Pope being an absolute worldly monarch, but the church leadership Jesus intended was ‘monarchical’ in the sense that it was based on his authority as King of Kings.
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