INDIVIDUALS VS THE MAJORITY

[MatthewG]

Where did Cain's wife come from?

Hello Butterfly

My mother always had this question,

A person told her "God made adam and eve first, but didnt say that was the only ones he had made".

My mother was satisfied with the answer above.

Thinking about it They were the first ones made that had direct connection with God.

 

[MatthewG]

Cain not only murdered his brother but he committed incest with his sister/wife?

@Butterfly,

This wouldn't have been an issue then at that time... it was before the LAW was instated.


That is just my thoughts.

It's either one or the other, my mom asked the question to many people.

 

[JLG]

@Butterfly,

This wouldn't have been an issue then at that time... it was before the LAW was instated.


That is just my thoughts.

It's either one or the other, my mom asked the question to many people.

- Early from creation!
- Close to the original model!
- Close to perfection!
- It was different!
- Now you get defects and diseases!
- Think about the age they were supposed to reach!
- Think about today's life expectancy and healthy life expectancy!
Globally, life expectancy has increased by more than 6 years between 2000 and 2019 – from 66.8 years in 2000 to 73.4 years in 2019. While healthy life expectancy (HALE) has also increased by 8% from 58.3 in 2000 to 63.7, in 2019, this was due to declining mortality rather than reduced years lived with disability.

GHE: Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy

www.who.int

 

[JLG]

@Butterfly,

This wouldn't have been an issue then at that time... it was before the LAW was instated.


That is just my thoughts.

It's either one or the other, my mom asked the question to many people.

With rare exceptions, life expectancy has been on the rise in the US: it was 47 years in 1900, 68 years in 1950, and by 2019 it had risen to nearly 79 years. But it fell to 77 in 2020 and dropped further, to just over 76, in 2021.20 oct 2022

Why life expectancy in the US is falling - Harvard Health

Life expectancy is one measure of the general health of a population. In the US, life expectancy had been climbing for more than a century — until the pandemic. After dropping in 2020,...

www.health.harvard.edu

 

[JLG]

Ruth 1:19

So [Naomi and Ruth]
שְׁתֵּיהֶ֔ם (šə·tê·hem)
Number - fdc | third person masculine plural
Strong's 8147: Two (a cardinal number)

traveled
וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה (wat·tê·laḵ·nāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine plural
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

until
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

they came
בֹּאָ֖נָה (bō·’ā·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine plural
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

to
בֵּ֣ית (bêṯ)
Preposition
Strong's Hebrew

Bethlehem.
לָ֑חֶם (lā·ḥem)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun

When they
וַיְהִ֗י (way·hî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

entered
כְּבֹאָ֙נָה֙ (kə·ḇō·’ā·nāh)
Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine plural
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

Bethlehem,
לֶ֔חֶם (le·ḥem)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun

the whole
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

city
הָעִיר֙ (hā·‘îr)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5892: Excitement

was stirred
וַתֵּהֹ֤ם (wat·tê·hōm)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1949: To make an uproar, agitate greatly

because of them,
עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן (‘ă·lê·hen)
Preposition | third person feminine plural
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

and the women [of the city] exclaimed,
וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה (wat·tō·mar·nāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine plural
Strong's 559: To utter, say

“Can this
הֲזֹ֥את (hă·zōṯ)
Article | Pronoun - feminine singular
Strong's 2063: Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that,

be Naomi?”
נָעֳמִֽי׃ (nā·‘o·mî)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

• Ruth and Naomi go to Bethlehem!
• The women are surprised that Naomi is back!
• After so long!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 1:20

“Do not
אַל־ (’al-)
Adverb
Strong's 408: Not

call
תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה (tiq·re·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person feminine plural
Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read

me Naomi,”
נָעֳמִ֑י (nā·‘o·mî)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

she replied.
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר (wat·tō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

“Call
קְרֶ֤אןָ (qə·re·nā)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine plural
Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read

me Mara,
מָרָ֔א (mā·rā)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 4755: Mara -- 'bitter', symbolic name of Naomi

because
כִּי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

the Almighty
שַׁדַּ֛י (šad·day)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7706: The Almighty

has dealt quite bitterly
הֵמַ֥ר (hê·mar)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4843: To be, bitter

with me.
לִ֖י (lî)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's Hebrew

• Naomi asks women to call her Mara meaning bitter because of what she has lived!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 1:21

I
אֲנִי֙ (’ă·nî)
Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 589: I

went away
הָלַ֔כְתִּי (hā·laḵ·tî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

full,
מְלֵאָ֣ה (mə·lê·’āh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 4390: To fill, be full of

but the LORD
יְהוָ֑ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

has brought me back
הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי (hĕ·šî·ḇa·nî)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | first person common singular
Strong's 7725: To turn back, in, to retreat, again

empty.
וְרֵיקָ֖ם (wə·rê·qām)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb
Strong's 7387: Emptily, ineffectually, undeservedly

Why
לָ֣מָּה (lām·māh)
Interrogative
Strong's 4100: What?, what!, indefinitely what

call
תִקְרֶ֤אנָה (ṯiq·re·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person feminine plural
Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read

me Naomi,
נָעֳמִ֔י (nā·‘o·mî)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

since the LORD
וַֽיהוָה֙ (Yah·weh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

has testified
עָ֣נָה (‘ā·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6030: To answer, respond

against me,
בִ֔י (ḇî)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's Hebrew

and the Almighty
וְשַׁדַּ֖י (wə·šad·day)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7706: The Almighty

has afflicted
הֵ֥רַֽע (hê·ra‘)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7489: To spoil, to make, good for, nothing, bad

me?”
לִֽי׃ (lî)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's Hebrew

• Naomi is clearly depressed!
• She has lost her two sons!
• She has lost everything!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 1:22

So Naomi
נָעֳמִ֗י (nā·‘o·mî)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

returned
וַתָּ֣שָׁב (wat·tā·šāḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7725: To turn back, in, to retreat, again

from the land
מִשְּׂדֵ֣י (miś·śə·ḏê)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 7704: Field, land

of Moab
מוֹאָ֑ב (mō·w·’āḇ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4124: Moab -- a son of Lot,also his descendants and the territory where they settled

with
עִמָּ֔הּ (‘im·māh)
Preposition | third person feminine singular
Strong's 5973: With, equally with

her daughter-in-law
כַלָּתָהּ֙ (ḵal·lā·ṯāh)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 3618: Daughter-in-law, bride

Ruth
וְר֨וּת (wə·rūṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7327: Ruth -- 'friendship', a Moabite ancestress of David

the Moabitess.
הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה (ham·mō·w·’ă·ḇî·yāh)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4125: Moabite -- descendant of Moab

And they
וְהֵ֗מָּה (wə·hêm·māh)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine plural
Strong's 1992: They

arrived
בָּ֚אוּ (bā·’ū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

in Bethlehem
לֶ֔חֶם (le·ḥem)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun

at the beginning
בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת (biṯ·ḥil·laṯ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 8462: A commencement, rel, original

of the barley
שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ (śə·‘ō·rîm)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 8184: Barley

harvest.
קְצִ֥יר (qə·ṣîr)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7105: Severed, harvest, the crop, the time, the reaper, a limb

• According to what Ruth said, she kept staying with her mother-in-law!
• It is harvest time!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:1

Now Naomi
וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י (ū·lə·nā·‘o·mî)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

had a relative
מוֹדַ֣ע (mō·w·ḏa‘)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3045: To know

on her husband’s side,
לְאִישָׁ֗הּ (lə·’î·šāh)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

a prominent
גִּבּ֣וֹר (gib·bō·wr)
Adjective - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1368: Powerful, warrior, tyrant

man
אִ֚ישׁ (’îš)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

of noble character
חַ֔יִל (ḥa·yil)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2428: A force, an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength

from the clan
מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת (mim·miš·pa·ḥaṯ)
Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 4940: A family, circle of relatives, a class, a species, sort, a tribe, people

of Elimelech,
אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ (’ĕ·lî·me·leḵ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 458: Elimelech -- 'God is king', the husband of Naomi

whose name
וּשְׁמ֖וֹ (ū·šə·mōw)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 8034: A name

[was] Boaz.
בֹּֽעַז׃ (bō·‘az)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1162: Boaz -- 'quickness', an ancestor of David, also a pillar before the temple

- Boaz is Naomi's relative!
- He is prominent!
- he is of noble character!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:2

And Ruth
ר֨וּת (rūṯ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7327: Ruth -- 'friendship', a Moabite ancestress of David

the Moabitess
הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה (ham·mō·w·’ă·ḇî·yāh)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4125: Moabite -- descendant of Moab

said
וַתֹּאמֶר֩ (wat·tō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

to Naomi,
נָעֳמִ֗י (nā·‘o·mî)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

“Please
נָּ֤א (nā)
Interjection
Strong's 4994: I pray', 'now', 'then'

let me go
אֵֽלְכָה־ (’ê·lə·ḵāh-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

into the fields
הַשָּׂדֶה֙ (haś·śā·ḏeh)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7704: Field, land

and glean
וַאֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה‪‬‪‬ (wa·’ă·la·qo·ṭāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular
Strong's 3950: To pick up, to gather, to glean

heads of grain
בַשִׁבֳּלִ֔ים‪‬‪‬ (ḇaš·šib·bo·lîm)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 7641: A stream, an ear of grain, a branch

behind [someone]
אַחַ֕ר (’a·ḥar)
Adverb
Strong's 310: The hind or following part

in whose
אֲשֶׁ֥ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

sight
בְּעֵינָ֑יו (bə·‘ê·nāw)
Preposition-b | Noun - cdc | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

I may find
אֶמְצָא־ (’em·ṣā-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 4672: To come forth to, appear, exist, to attain, find, acquire, to occur, meet, be present

favor.”
חֵ֖ן (ḥên)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2580: Graciousness, subjective, objective

“Go ahead,
לְכִ֥י (lə·ḵî)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

my daughter,”
בִתִּֽי׃ (ḇit·tî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 1323: A daughter

Naomi replied.
וַתֹּ֥אמֶר (wat·tō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

- Ruth asks Naomi for permission to glean heads of grain after the harvesters!

What is the gleaning behind the harvesters?
“Gleaning” was the practice of going into a recently-harvested field and picking up whatever grain remained. God commanded Israel in Leviticus 19:9-10 to deliberately leave some behind for the poor and needy of the land to get food.

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:3

So Ruth departed
וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ (wat·tê·leḵ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

and went out
וַתָּבוֹא֙ (wat·tā·ḇō·w)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

into the field
בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה (baś·śā·ḏeh)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7704: Field, land

and gleaned
וַתְּלַקֵּ֣ט (wat·tə·laq·qêṭ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3950: To pick up, to gather, to glean

after
אַחֲרֵ֖י (’a·ḥă·rê)
Preposition
Strong's 310: The hind or following part

the harvesters.
הַקֹּצְרִ֑ים (haq·qō·ṣə·rîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7114: To dock off, curtail, to harvest

And she happened
וַיִּ֣קֶר (way·yi·qer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7136: To light upon, to bring about, to impose timbers

to come
מִקְרֶ֔הָ (miq·re·hā)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 4745: Something met with, an accident, fortune

to the part
חֶלְקַ֤ת (ḥel·qaṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 2513: Smoothness, flattery, an allotment

of the field
הַשָּׂדֶה֙ (haś·śā·ḏeh)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7704: Field, land

[belonging] to Boaz,
לְבֹ֔עַז (lə·ḇō·‘az)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1162: Boaz -- 'quickness', an ancestor of David, also a pillar before the temple

who [was]
אֲשֶׁ֖ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

from the clan
מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת (mim·miš·pa·ḥaṯ)
Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 4940: A family, circle of relatives, a class, a species, sort, a tribe, people

of Elimelech.
אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ (’ĕ·lî·me·leḵ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 458: Elimelech -- 'God is king', the husband of Naomi

• In fact, Ruth ends up gleaning in Boaz’s field!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:4

Just then
וְהִנֵּה־ (wə·hin·nêh-)
Conjunctive waw | Interjection
Strong's 2009: Lo! behold!

Boaz
בֹ֗עַז (ḇō·‘az)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1162: Boaz -- 'quickness', an ancestor of David, also a pillar before the temple

arrived
בָּ֚א (bā)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

from
מִבֵּ֣ית (mib·bêṯ)
Preposition
Strong's Hebrew

Bethlehem
לֶ֔חֶם (le·ḥem)
Preposition | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun

and said
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

to the harvesters,
לַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים (laq·qō·wṣ·rîm)
Preposition-l, Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7114: To dock off, curtail, to harvest

“The LORD
יְהוָ֣ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

be with you.”
עִמָּכֶ֑ם (‘im·mā·ḵem)
Preposition | second person masculine plural
Strong's 5973: With, equally with

“The LORD
יְהוָֽה׃ (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

bless you,”
יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ (yə·ḇā·reḵ·ḵā)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | second person masculine singular
Strong's 1288: To kneel, to bless God, man, to curse

they replied.
וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ (way·yō·mə·rū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 559: To utter, say

• Boaz comes back from Jerusalem!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:5

And Boaz
בֹּ֙עַז֙ (bō·‘az)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1162: Boaz -- 'quickness', an ancestor of David, also a pillar before the temple

asked
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

the foreman
לְנַעֲר֔וֹ (lə·na·‘ă·rōw)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5288: A boy, lad, youth, retainer

of
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

his harvesters,
הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֑ים (haq·qō·wṣ·rîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7114: To dock off, curtail, to harvest

“Whose
לְמִ֖י (lə·mî)
Preposition-l | Interrogative
Strong's 4310: Who?, whoever, in oblique construction with prefix, suffix

young woman
הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה (han·na·‘ă·rāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5291: A girl, maiden

is this?”
הַזֹּֽאת׃ (haz·zōṯ)
Article | Pronoun - feminine singular
Strong's 2063: Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that,

• And Boaz asks about Ruth!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:6

The foreman
הַנַּ֛עַר (han·na·‘ar)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5288: A boy, lad, youth, retainer

answered,
וַיַּ֗עַן (way·ya·‘an)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6030: To answer, respond

“She [is]
הִ֔יא (hî)
Pronoun - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

the Moabitess
מֽוֹאֲבִיָּה֙ (mō·w·’ă·ḇî·yāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4125: Moabite -- descendant of Moab

who returned
הַשָּׁ֥בָה (haš·šā·ḇāh)
Article | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7725: To turn back, in, to retreat, again

with
עִֽם־ (‘im-)
Preposition
Strong's 5973: With, equally with

Naomi
נָעֳמִ֖י (nā·‘o·mî)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5281: Naomi -- mother-in-law of Ruth

from the land
מִשְּׂדֵ֥ה (miś·śə·ḏêh)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7704: Field, land

of Moab.
מוֹאָֽב׃ (mō·w·’āḇ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4124: Moab -- a son of Lot,also his descendants and the territory where they settled

• Boaz is told about Ruth as the moabitess who has come back with Naomi from Moab!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:7

She has said,
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר (wat·tō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

‘Please
נָּא֙ (nā)
Interjection
Strong's 4994: I pray', 'now', 'then'

let me glean
אֲלַקֳטָה־ (’ă·la·qo·ṭāh-)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular
Strong's 3950: To pick up, to gather, to glean

and gather
וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י (wə·’ā·sap̄·tî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 622: To gather for, any purpose, to receive, take away, remove

among the sheaves
בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים (ḇā·‘o·mā·rîm)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6016: A heap, a sheaf, an omer (dry measure)

behind
אַחֲרֵ֖י (’a·ḥă·rê)
Preposition
Strong's 310: The hind or following part

the harvesters.’
הַקּוֹצְרִ֑ים (haq·qō·wṣ·rîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7114: To dock off, curtail, to harvest

So she came out
וַתָּב֣וֹא (wat·tā·ḇō·w)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

and has continued
וַֽתַּעֲמ֗וֹד (wat·ta·‘ă·mō·wḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 5975: To stand, in various relations

from
מֵאָ֤ז (mê·’āz)
Preposition-m | Adverb
Strong's 227: At that time, place, therefore

morning
הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ (hab·bō·qer)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1242: Dawn, morning

until
וְעַד־ (wə·‘aḏ-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

now,
עַ֔תָּה (‘at·tāh)
Adverb
Strong's 6258: At this time

except
זֶ֛ה (zeh)
Pronoun - masculine singular
Strong's 2088: This, that

that she rested
שִׁבְתָּ֥הּ (šiḇ·tāh)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

a short time
מְעָֽט׃ (mə·‘āṭ)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 4592: A little, fewness, a few

in the shelter.”
הַבַּ֖יִת (hab·ba·yiṯ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1004: A house

• Boaz is told that Ruth has asked for permission to glean in Boaz's field!
• And she has been gleaning all the time!
• Thus she shows herself as a hard-working woman!
• In fact, acting is better than watching others act for us!
• When we don’t do anything, we don’t get anything!
• It doesn’t matter if it is the modern tendency!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:8

Then Boaz
בֹּ֨עַז (bō·‘az)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1162: Boaz -- 'quickness', an ancestor of David, also a pillar before the temple

said
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

to
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

Ruth,
ר֜וּת (rūṯ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7327: Ruth -- 'friendship', a Moabite ancestress of David

“Listen,
שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ (šā·ma·‘at)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently

my daughter.
בִּתִּ֗י (bit·tî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 1323: A daughter

Do not
אַל־ (’al-)
Adverb
Strong's 408: Not

go
תֵּלְכִי֙ (tê·lə·ḵî)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

and glean
לִלְקֹט֙ (lil·qōṭ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 3950: To pick up, to gather, to glean

in another
אַחֵ֔ר (’a·ḥêr)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 312: Hinder, next, other

field,
בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה (bə·śā·ḏeh)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7704: Field, land

and
וְגַ֛ם (wə·ḡam)
Conjunctive waw | Conjunction
Strong's 1571: Assemblage, also, even, yea, though, both, and

do not
הֲל֧וֹא (hă·lō·w)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

go away
תַעֲבוּרִ֖י (ṯa·‘ă·ḇū·rî)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 5674: To pass over, through, or by, pass on

from this [place],
מִזֶּ֑ה (miz·zeh)
Preposition-m | Pronoun - masculine singular
Strong's 2088: This, that

but stay here
וְכֹ֥ה (wə·ḵōh)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb
Strong's 3541: Like this, thus, here, now

close
תִדְבָּקִ֖ין (ṯiḏ·bā·qîn)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person feminine singular | Paragogic nun
Strong's 1692: To impinge, cling, adhere, to catch by pursuit

to
עִם־ (‘im-)
Preposition
Strong's 5973: With, equally with

my servant girls.
נַעֲרֹתָֽי׃ (na·‘ă·rō·ṯāy)
Noun - feminine plural construct | first person common singular
Strong's 5291: A girl, maiden


- As a consequence, Boaz tells Ruth to keep gleaning in his field and staying close to her servant girls!
- He takes care of her because he sees she is a hard-working woman and he appreciates it!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:9

[Let] your eyes [be on]
עֵינַ֜יִךְ (‘ê·na·yiḵ)
Noun - cdc | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

[the]
אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

field
בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה (baś·śā·ḏeh)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7704: Field, land

they are harvesting,
יִקְצֹרוּן֙ (yiq·ṣō·rūn)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun
Strong's 7114: To dock off, curtail, to harvest

and follow along
וְהָלַ֣כְתִּ‪‬‪‬‪‬ (wə·hā·laḵt)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

after [these girls].
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן (’a·ḥă·rê·hen)
Preposition | third person feminine plural
Strong's 310: The hind or following part

Indeed,
הֲל֥וֹא (hă·lō·w)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

I have ordered
צִוִּ֛יתִי (ṣiw·wî·ṯî)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 6680: To lay charge (upon), give charge (to), command, order

the young men
הַנְּעָרִ֖ים (han·nə·‘ā·rîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5288: A boy, lad, youth, retainer

not
לְבִלְתִּ֣י (lə·ḇil·tî)
Preposition-l
Strong's 1115: A failure of, not, except, without, unless, besides, because not, until

to touch you.
נָגְעֵ֑ךְ (nā·ḡə·‘êḵ)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5060: To touch, lay the hand upon, to reach, violently, to strike

And when you are thirsty,
וְצָמִ֗ת (wə·ṣā·miṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 6770: To be thirsty

go
וְהָלַכְתְּ֙ (wə·hā·laḵt)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

and drink
וְשָׁתִ֕ית (wə·šā·ṯîṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 8354: To imbibe

from
מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר (mê·’ă·šer)
Preposition-m | Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

the jars
הַכֵּלִ֔ים (hak·kê·lîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

the young men
הַנְּעָרִֽים׃ (han·nə·‘ā·rîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5288: A boy, lad, youth, retainer

have filled.”
יִשְׁאֲב֖וּן (yiš·’ă·ḇūn)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun
Strong's 7579: To bale up water

• Boaz has told his young men not to touch her!
• And he tells her to get water from the jars his young men have filled!
• She is doing a very hard job in the sun!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:10

At this, she fell
וַתִּפֹּל֙ (wat·tip·pōl)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 5307: To fall, lie

on
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

her face,
פָּנֶ֔יהָ (pā·ne·hā)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 6440: The face

bowing low
וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ (wat·tiš·ta·ḥū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7812: To depress, prostrate

to the ground,
אָ֑רְצָה (’ā·rə·ṣāh)
Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land

and said
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר (wat·tō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

to him,
אֵלָ֗יו (’ê·lāw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

“Why
מַדּוּעַ֩ (mad·dū·a‘)
Interrogative
Strong's 4069: Why? for what reason?

have I found
מָצָ֨אתִי (mā·ṣā·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 4672: To come forth to, appear, exist, to attain, find, acquire, to occur, meet, be present

such favor
חֵ֤ן (ḥên)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2580: Graciousness, subjective, objective

in your eyes
בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ (bə·‘ê·ne·ḵā)
Preposition-b | Noun - cdc | second person masculine singular
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

that you should take notice of me,
לְהַכִּירֵ֔נִי (lə·hak·kî·rê·nî)
Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | first person common singular
Strong's 5234: To regard, recognize

even though I [am]
וְאָּנֹכִ֖י‪‬‪‬ (wə·’ā·nō·ḵî)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 595: I

a foreigner?”
נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ (nā·ḵə·rî·yāh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 5237: Foreign, alien

• Ruth tells Boaz she doesn’t understand why he cares about her because she is a foreigner!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:11

Boaz
בֹּ֙עַז֙ (bō·‘az)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1162: Boaz -- 'quickness', an ancestor of David, also a pillar before the temple

replied,
וַיַּ֤עַן (way·ya·‘an)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6030: To answer, respond

“I have been made fully aware
הֻגֵּ֨ד (hug·gêḏ)
Verb - Hofal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 5046: To be conspicuous

of all
כֹּ֤ל (kōl)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

you have done
עָשִׂית֙ (‘ā·śîṯ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

for
אֶת־ (’eṯ-)
Preposition
Strong's 854: Nearness, near, with, by, at, among

your mother-in-law
חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ (ḥă·mō·w·ṯêḵ)
Noun - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 2545: Husband's mother

since
אַחֲרֵ֖י (’a·ḥă·rê)
Preposition
Strong's 310: The hind or following part

the death
מ֣וֹת (mō·wṯ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4194: Death, the dead, their place, state, pestilence, ruin

of your husband,
אִישֵׁ֑ךְ (’î·šêḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

how you left
וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י (wat·ta·‘az·ḇî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 5800: To loosen, relinquish, permit

your father
אָּבִ֣יךְ‪‬‪‬ (’ā·ḇîḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 1: Father

and mother
וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ (wə·’im·mêḵ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 517: A mother, )

and the land
וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ (wə·’e·reṣ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 776: Earth, land

of your birth,
מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ (mō·w·laḏ·têḵ)
Noun - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 4138: Nativity, lineage, native country, offspring, family

and how you came
וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י (wat·tê·lə·ḵî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

to
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

a people
עַ֕ם (‘am)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

you did not
לֹא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

know
יָדַ֖עַתְּ (yā·ḏa·‘at)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 3045: To know

before.
תְּמ֥וֹל (tə·mō·wl)
Adverb
Strong's 8543: Ago, a, time since, yesterday, day before yesterday

- Boaz tells her that he knows all about her story and what she has done for Naomi, her mother-in-law!

 

[JLG]

Ruth 2:12

May the LORD
יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

repay
יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם (yə·šal·lêm)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7999: To be safe, to be, completed, to be friendly, to reciprocate

your work,
פָּעֳלֵ֑ךְ (pā·‘o·lêḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 6467: Doing, deed, work

and may you receive
וּתְהִ֨י (ū·ṯə·hî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

a rich
שְׁלֵמָ֗ה (šə·lê·māh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 8003: Complete, safe, at peace

reward
מַשְׂכֻּרְתֵּ֜ךְ (maś·kur·têḵ)
Noun - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 4909: Wages, a reward

from
מֵעִ֤ם (mê·‘im)
Preposition-m
Strong's 5973: With, equally with

the LORD,
יְהוָה֙ (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

the God
אֱלֹהֵ֣י (’ĕ·lō·hê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 430: gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative

of Israel,
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

under
תַּֽחַת־ (ta·ḥaṯ-)
Preposition
Strong's 8478: The bottom, below, in lieu of

whose
אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

wings
כְּנָפָֽיו׃ (kə·nā·p̄āw)
Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3671: An edge, extremity, a wing, a flap, a quarter, a pinnacle

you have taken
בָּ֖את (bāṯ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

refuge.”
לַחֲס֥וֹת (la·ḥă·sō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 2620: To flee for, protection, to confide in

- And Boaz tells her that he hopes Yah.weh will pay her back for her good actions!