Raeneske said:
I find it bothersome that when I posted Scripture about not serving God according to the ways of the Pagans, that you posted verses which most consider we have no reason to adhere to.
And I find it bothersome that you would judge others by a law which you yourself refuse to live by. If you are subject to the Law, you are subject to all the Law, not just parts you have decided people have to adhere to while you cast aside the rest.
Raeneske said:
with all the evidence surrounding Christmas and its Pagan origins, I must ask why does someone continue to doubt it?
And I must ask why we Christians should be expected to accept all these claims against our faith on the basis of nothing more than obviously anti-Christian assumptions with not one shred of historical or archaeological evidence to support them? There are no “proofs,” which is why not one of your sources actually cites one, but perhaps out of a desire to at least give some semblance of impartiality, they all state in couched terms that their opinions are, after all, speculation lacking any real evidence:
"How much the date of the festival depended upon the pagan Brumalia (December 25th) following the Saturnalia (December 17th-24th), and celebrating the shortest day of the year and the 'new sun'...
cannot be accurately determined …”
Of course any “dependence on paganism cannot be accurately determined,” because Christianity is not and never has been dependent on paganism and there is not one shred of actual historical or archaeological evidence to support it, which is why this source didn’t cite any but for credibility sake added this disclaimer.
Your sources don’t even have the facts right about the Brumalia festival. It was
not celebrated on December 25. It was in fact a month-long festival that began on November 24 and ended with the winter solstice on the night of December 21/22. It is explained by the Byzantine administrator John of Lydia in Book IV of his work “On Roman Months:”
“The Romans customarily divided their citizenry into three [groups] and distinguished those who were suitable for arms, those [who were suitable] for farming, and those [who were suitable] for hunting; and the season of winter brings an end to these [pursuits]. For in it, neither do they arm themselves, nor do they practice farming, because of the season’s cold and the shortness of the days—and hence in the old days they named it bruma, meaning ‘short day.’ And Brumalia means “winter festivals”; so at that time, until the Waxing of the Light, ceasing from work … the farming people would slaughter pigs for the worship of Cronus and Demeter—and hence even now the “Pig-Slaughter” is observed in December. And the vine-dressers would sacrifice goats in honor of Dionysus—for the goat is an enemy of the vine; and they would skin them, fill the skin-bags with air and jump on them. And the civic officials would also [offer as] the firstfruits of the collected harvest wine and olive oil, grain and honey and as many [products] of trees as endure and are preserved—they would make loaves without water and they would bring [all] these things to the priests of the [Great] Mother. And this sort of custom is still observed even now; and in November and December, until the “Waxing of the Light,” they bring [these] things to the priests. For the [custom] of greeting [people] by name at the Brumalia is rather recent; and, the truth [is], they call them “Cronian festivals”—and because of this the Church turns away from them.”
Here you have a written record from a 6th century Roman administrator who testifies that Brumalia was celebrated from November 24 until the final night on the night of the winter solstice, December 21/22.
He further states that the Christian Church “turned away from” these festivals which totally contradicts what your sources are claiming that Christians “adopted” these festivals for the celebration of Jesus’ birth.
This is why we Christians “continue to doubt” these claims about Christmas having pagan origins, because it’s not true and all the actual historical evidence proves not only that it’s not true, but quite the opposite.
Raeneske said:
The pagan Saturnalia and Brumalia were too deeply entrenched in popular custom to be set aside by Christian influence...The pagan festival with it's riot and merrymaking was so popular that Christians were glad of an excuse to continue its celebration with little change in spirit and in manner.
Again, that is a complete fabrication completely refuted by the record of John of Lydia and also disproven by the Roman Emperor Julian in a letter he wrote to his pagan high priest Arsacius in late June/early July in 362 A.D. Called by Christianity “Julian the Apostate,” this emperor tried to revive the worship of the old pagan Roman gods that so many Romans had abandoned but found his chief obstacle to this was the pervasive and prevalent influence of Christianity. The emperor spent lavishly to rebuild and refurbish the pagan temples that had fallen to ruin and trained a small army of pagan priests to restore the old pagan worship. He was successful and yet the newly restored pagan worship had not gained back the mass of Roman citizenry who had converted to Christ so the Emperor wrote this letter to his High Priest. In it, and in many other communications, the Emperor stated that the reason the Christian faith had proven so popular was that the Christians lived such sober and pious and honest lives, showing respect and benevolence to strangers and not only to their own poor but even taking care of the poor among the pagans, exactly the opposite of what your sources are claiming about these same Christians who they claim were busy compromising the Gospel and adopting pagan beliefs and customs in order to win converts, which is the complete opposite of the truth. So the emperor admonishes his high priest to order all the pagan priests to begin to emulate the lives of the Christians in order to win back the Roman people to the gods of their fathers:
“The Hellenic religion [Roman pagan worship] does not yet prosper as I desire, and it is the fault of those who profess it; for the worship of the gods [reinstitution of temples and priestly services] is on a splendid and magnificent scale , surpassing every prayer and every hope. May Adrasteia pardon my words, for indeed no one, a little while ago, would have ventured even to pray for a change of such a sort or so complete within so short a time. Why, then, do we think that this is enough, why do we not observe that
it is their benevolence to strangers, their care for the graves of the dead and the pretended holiness of their lives that have done most to increase atheism [Christianity]? I believe that we [pagans] ought really and truly to practise every one of these virtues. And it is not enough for you alone to practise them, but so must all the priests in Galatia, without exception. Either shame or persuade them into righteousness or else remove them from their priestly office, if they do not, together with their wives, children and servants, attend the worship of the gods but allow their servants or sons or wives to show impiety towards the gods and honour atheism [Christianity] more than piety. In the second place, admonish them that no priest may enter a theatre or drink in a tavern or control any craft or trade that is base and not respectable. Honour those who obey you, but those who disobey, expel from office. In every city establish frequent hostels in order that strangers may profit by our benevolence; I do not mean for our own people only, but for others also who are in need of money. I have but now made a plan by which you may be well provided for this; for I have given directions that 30,000 modii of corn shall be assigned every year for the whole of Galatia, and 60,000 pints 3 of wine. I order that one-fifth of this be used for the poor who serve the priests, and the remainder be distributed by us to strangers and beggars.
For it is disgraceful that, when no Jew ever has to beg, and the impious Galilaeans support not only their own poor but ours as well, all men see that our people lack aid from us. Teach those of the Hellenic faith [pagans] to contribute to public service of this sort, and the Hellenic villages to offer their first fruits to the gods; and accustom those who love the Hellenic religion to these good works by teaching them that this was our practice of old. At any rate Homer makes Eumaeus say: "Stranger, it is not lawful for me, not even though a baser man than you should come, to dishonour a stranger. For from Zeus come all strangers and beggars. And a gift, though small, is precious." Then let us not, by allowing others to outdo us in good works, disgrace by such remissness, or rather, utterly abandon, the reverence due to the gods. If I hear that you are carrying out these orders I shall be filled with joy.
As for the government officials, do not interview them often at their homes, but write to them frequently. And when they enter the city no priest must go to meet them, but only meet them within the vestibule when they visit the temples of the gods. Let no soldier march before them into the temple, but any who will may follow them; for the moment that one of them passes over the threshold of the sacred precinct he becomes a private citizen. For you yourself, as you are aware, have authority over what is within, since this is the bidding of the divine ordinance. Those who obey it are in very truth god-fearing, while those who oppose it with arrogance are vainglorious and empty-headed.
I am ready to assist Pessinus1 if her people succeed in winning the favour of the Mother of the Gods. But, if they neglect her, they are not only not free from blame, but, not to speak harshly, let them beware of reaping my enmity also. "For it is not lawful for me to cherish or to pity men who are the enemies of the immortal gods." 2 Therefore persuade them, if they claim my patronage, that the whole community must become suppliants of the Mother of the Gods.”
In this letter from the Emperor of Rome it is clear that the reason Christianity had gained so many converts among the Romans was not because they were adopting pagan festivals and practices, as your sources would have us believe, nor was your source accurate in stating that these Roman pagan holidays “were too deeply entrenched in popular custom to be set aside by Christian influence.” Indeed, the truth is the exact opposite. The Romans had abandoned the old pagan Roman gods and festivals and turned to Christ because of the holy lives and benevolence shown by the Christians.
So come on, this is a
letter from the Emperor of Rome which states that it was in fact the pagan priests who began to adopt the Christian beliefs and practices in an attempt to win back the Roman citizens who had left the old pagan gods and turned to Christ! That is the exact opposite of what your sources are claiming, and that is from a letter written by the Emperor of Rome, against which your sources offer what as proof? What document? What archaeological artifact? What letter from some high-ranking official, either Christian or pagan? None! Nothing! Not one shred of actual historical evidence. They are even forced to admit that it “cannot be accurately determined” “how much” (if any) Christmas “depended on” these pagan festivals. The reason they “cannot accurately determine” whether or not these pagan festivals had any affect upon Christian festivals is because they didn’t, and the only people who think they did are those who at best are unaware of the actual historical record, or at worse ignore it in favor of a presupposed opinion. Just like the rest of your sources unashamedly admit. That’s why they use such carefully crafted disclaimers such as:
Raeneske said:
"The interchange of presents between friends is alike characteristic of Christmas and the Saturnalia, and MUST HAVE BEEN
ADOPTED BY CHRISTIANS FROM THE PAGANS…”
You should take note here that this source did not say that Christians DID adopt anything from pagans, and certainly did not offer any actual proof that they did, no letter, no document, no artifact, but they simply state that these practices MUST HAVE BEEN adopted. They pre-suppose the fact and then look for evidence, but finding none, they simply assume that it just “must have been” and then act as if it is a matter of historical fact, giving students such as yourself the impression that there is “proof” when in fact there is none, but instead the “proof” argues the exact opposite.
And again …
Raeneske said:
From the first institution of this festival, the Western nations seem to have
transferred to it…
Again, notice your source cannot in good conscience state that there is any actual proof that the early Christians DID in fact transfer any pagan practices to the Christmas festival, they can only assume that the west “seems to have” done so, at least, in their eyes.
And yet again …
Raeneske said:
“ … have borne so close a resemblance
wherever they have been observed to the Roman Saturnalia, Sigillaria, etc., and to the yule feast of the ancient Goths,
as to afford strong presumption of an unhappy alliance between them from the first.
Please taken note again, the word presumption means to pre assume. So the argument your source here is using is that they pre-assume that Christianity adopted pagan practices of gift-giving, feasting, lighting candles, taking time off work, merry-making.
But notice that neither this source, nor any of the others, ever bother to point out that these modes of celebrating a festival were also
BIBLICAL and were also the customary manner of festival observance
of Jews for generations and that in fact the first generation of Christians were almost exclusively Jewish and therefore the Christian manner or observing festivals was much more likely to have been adopted from Biblical Jewish practices. But your source doesn’t bother to mention that. Why not? I mean any serious and fair-handed treatment of the subject of early Christian practices and where they may have derived them would have to at least consider the Jewish practices of the early church as a possible source, and yet not one of your sources bothers to even mention, let alone consider it.
The problem with this pre assumption is that the actual historical and archaeological letters and records in fact prove the opposite of what they claim, that with the spread of Christianity and the many converts to Christ in the early centuries it was in fact the pagans who adopted Christian beliefs and practices to try to win back the masses of people who received the Gospel and were converted to Christ.
But an additional problem with this pre assumption is that these modes of observing a festival are in fact Biblical. Even the gift-giving (there is no record of Romans exchanging gifts during either the Brumalia or the Saturnalia, neither of which were ever celebrated on December 25 but were winter solstice celebrations that ended on the winter solstice, the night of December 21/22, four days before the Christian Feast of the Nativity, which is what it was called prior to be called Christmas), gift-giving was not adopted from pagans since they didn’t exchange gifts on either the Brumalia or on Saturnalia. The only “gift giving” the pagans practiced was offering up sacrifices and gifts to their pagan gods. The exchanging of gifts is unique to Christianity and the source is the Magi bringing gifts to the newborn Jewish King, as well as the Christian belief that salvation itself is a gift from God and that salvation came into the world the night Jesus was born. These are very fundamental and sacred beliefs for Christians, and to have them trampled underfoot by those who have no appreciation for either these great truths, or the One whose birth heralded them, is not only hurtful, but a fearsome commentary on those who call evil that which is of God.
But to offer a final couple of comments:
Christians did not adopt the Sol Invictus holiday to celebrate Jesus’ birth, quite the opposite. Historical documents prove that Christians were celebrating the birth of Jesus on December 25 more than 200 years before the first mention of any holiday on that date by the Romans, including the celebrations of Sol. In fact, there were no religious holidays for Sol until 274 A.D., at a time when Christianity was spreading throughout the Roman Empire, and in an attempt to restore the cult of the sun-god Sol, Aurelian (270 – 275 A.D.) inaugurated a day of festivities which included chariot races. The date these games were celebrated, according to the calendar of Filocalus, was October 19 – 22.
The first mention of a “birthday” for Sol (Natalis Invicti) on December 25 wasn’t until 354/362 A.D., almost 200 years AFTER three ancient Christians documents stated that the birth of Jesus was being observed on December 25 (Hippolytus, ca. 165 – 235 C.E., in his commentary on Daniel 4:23; and Theophilus of Antioch, ca. 171 – 183 C.E., in his discussion about the proper time to observe Easter, and “The Constitution of the Holy Apostles,” which is the 2nd oldest doctrinal writing of Christianity after the Didache in which instruction is given in Book V, Section 3 on observing the Holy Days:
“On Feast Days and Fast Days: A catalogue of the feasts of the Lord which are to be kept, and when each them ought to be observed. XIII: Brethren, observe the festival days; and first of all the birthday which you are to celebrate on the twenty-fifth of the ninth month.”
We cannot precisely date The Constitution of the Holy Apostles, some scholars believe it was written in the third and some in the second century, but we do know it was written before the time of the Nicene Council as the work still uses the Jewish Liturgical Calendar, thus the 9th month is our December.
So the actual historical evidence is that Christians were celebrating the birth of Jesus on December 25 long before any record of Roman’s celebrating anything on that date.
Nor is there is any historical or archaeological evidence that any ancient Meso-religion (including those of Babylon) ever celebrated anything on December 25. Ancient religions the world over, from the Orient to the Americas, did in fact celebrate all the phenomena of nature, such as the summer and winter solstice, the spring and fall equinox, the new moons, planetary conjunctions, lunar and solar eclipses, and every other planetary anomaly. So the fact that Christian, and for that matter Jewish, holidays occurred near these pagan celebrations doesn’t mean they were adoptions of paganism. Such presumptions are jumped on by those who attempt to discredit the Judeo/Christian religion in general, and the Bible in particular.
But as a final comment to this admittedly lengthy post, let’s look at the truth about the connection between Christianity’s celebration of Christmas and the Norse celebration of “Yule,” since your source also mentioned that.
The ancient Norse history called “Ynglinga saga,” the first book of “Heimskringla” (the history of the ancient Norse kings), states that King Haakon (920-961 A.D.), who had become a Christian when his kingdom still remained steeped in paganism, passed a law that established that
Yule celebrations were to take place at the same time as when the Christians held their celebration.
Now this was hundreds of years after Christians were celebrating Jesus' birth on December 25 and not only refutes the notion that Christmas is an adoption of old pagan Yule festivals but instead demonstrates with evidence from ancient written Norse documents that in fact the opposite was the case, it was the Yule celebration that was changed by the Norse King Haakon in the 10th century to coincide with Christmas.
The history from ancient times, and even today, is that in fact it is pagans who have since it’s very beginning adopted Christian holidays and beliefs, and very often taken religious observances and emptied them of their religious meaning and filled them up with their own secular meaning … such as Santa Claus and the Easter bunny and eggs and chicks, all of which had special religious significance for Christians until the Protestant reformation when the Protestants refused to follow the Liturgical calendar and therefore lost the meaning and purpose behind many of the holiday customs that we still celebrate today.
There is much more that can be said, and more evidence from ancient writings as well as archaeological artifacts, but this is long enough already and with even this much actual historical evidence it begs the question, “Why would you continue to believe what is clearly anti-Christian propaganda?
In Christ,
Pilgrimer