Part 2 to answer Justadude's post:
I'm going to try and help you with this, so please take it in the spirit intended. Also, this topic (whether science can study and draw conclusions about events no one observed) has nothing to do with the Bible or God.
It has everything to do with the Bible, because as science makes new discoveries about how the world works, and archaeologists discover more ruins and ancient writings they discover that the people, places, and the science of the Bible are accurate and true. The Bible talked about "the circle of the earth" thousands of years before scientists discovered that the earth was round and not flat. Similarly, the Bible says that God hung the earth on nothing, long before scientists discovered that the earth is a sphere hanging in space. God told Job about lightning that flashed from one end of the world to the other and spoke - showing radio communication which was not discovered until thousands of years later. These are just some examples of the Bible saying things, that have been shown to be true through scientific discovery.
That is indeed an accurate description of the scientific method. However, you're mistaken in thinking that "make an observation" means "observe the event". Let me try and illustrate this with an example.
What you have described is forensic science. It is a historical science that observes in the present what has happened in the past. The evidence is right there in front of the investigators and it enables them to be led to the offender.
Archaeology is another historical science. We know that dinosaurs existed because we have the present evidence of their bones and skeletons. We don't really know what they looked like, because we don't have photos of them, so any artist's impression is an educated guess. And we don't know exactly when they were alive on the earth because although we have the bones, we don't know how old they are. We know that Babylon existed because we can go and view the ruins, and underneath those ruins, very ancient foundations were discovered that suggest that the tower of Babel once stood there. We go into history and see that Alexander the Great knew of the foundations of the tower of Babel and destroyed them. So we have current evidence through the historical account. We know that Corinth and Ephesus were really there, because we can go and see the ruins of those cities. For centuries no one believed that Pontius Pilate was a real person until an archaeologist found a stone in the ruins of Caesarea that bore an inscription of him. Pilate had fell so far out of favour with the Roman Emperor, that they erased every trace of him in Rome, but they missed the Caesarea stone, because Titus had destroyed that city when he invaded in 70AD.
So I am quoting the same historical science to show that dinosaurs, the people, events, and places in the Bible were really there because we have the evidence that exists right now, in exactly the same way that the forensic team were able to use the evidence in front of them to locate and arrest the offender and get a successful conviction in court.
But Origin science has to be based on guesswork, because no one was there to make the first observation. There is no evidence about how the universe and the world was first formed. But we do know, as we know when we see a large building, that it could not have designed and built itself out of nothing, but someone had to design it; so we look at the world around us, and we can know that someone, somewhere designed it, but we don't have any evidence in front us to show how it happened. So scientists can only make logical guesses based on what they believe happened.
I hope that helps you understand how "make an observation" isn't the same thing as "you have to directly observe the event", and how scientists study events they didn't witness all the time.
The problem with even the most eminent evolutionists, is that cannot provide any evidence that one species of animal has changed into another. When I watched a video of four of the most qualified evolutionist academics in the USA trying to answer the question, I could see their unsuccessful struggle to find definitive proof that even a one-celled bacteria actually changed into an amoeba. All they could talk about were mutations and genetic changes in the same animal or bacteria. Actually, they could not produce one single piece of proof that evolution actually changing any organism into a totally different one.
If you came home and found your house broken into and your stuff gone, but there was no conclusive forensic evidence to show who did it - no finger prints, no blood stains, no shoe prints to lead to a definite person, the case would not have been solved, and the police would not be able to find the offender, because there would be no substantive evidence there. All they could guess is who might have done it, but they would not be able to arrest that person and prove their case to get a strong conviction.
In the same way, evolution would not stand up in a court of law, because there would be no evidence to prove that it happened and the case would be thrown out because all the prosecution would have is just guesswork based on what scientists believe happened.
Sure, but just because it's a religious issue for you doesn't mean it is for everyone else.
Yes. I have my religious foundation based on the literal text of the Bible, and others have their own belief systems. Your foundation is based on your belief that no one really knows one way or another. That is what being agnostic is. So you have your religion and I have mine.
Yes, but being "reasonable" is the key. I'm trying to convey to you how a lot of what you post about science is not reasonable,
Well, the Bible is reasonable, because it was written by a Person who was actually there at the time the universe was formed, and it sets out who He is and his plan of salvation which involves Jesus Christ who died on the cross to take the penalty for our sins. Everything that the Bible says in its science can be proved by the scientific method, both through operational and historical science. Origin science of the Bible is based on God's inspired history of it as spoken to Moses. God's attitude is that He said it, and we have the choice of whether we believe it or not, and one day there is going to be a Judgment on which we all have to account for what we believe, whether it be the literal Bible or agnosticism.
Right, "because of Him", not "because of the silly things Christians say about science".
It is not just what Christians say, but it is what the Bible says concerning the particular science it mentions, such as "the circle of the earth" and "hanging the earth on nothing", and "the lighting that flashes from one end of the earth to the other and then talks", and "the chariots with bright flaming eyes that jostle each other on the broad ways" (showing vehicles with bright lights on wide multi-lane roads which did not exist when that statement was written), and prophecies about world events that were written hundreds of years before they actually happened, and the crucifixion of Christ spoken about by Isaiah who lived hundreds of years before it happened and when before crucifixion was even thought of as a method of execution.
So, we have an abundant amount of evidence that we can view and study in our present to show that the Bible is accurate and true in what it says. But there is absolutely none that shows that evolution actually happened.
Okay, I appreciate you taking the time to explain. :)
I appreciate the time you have taken to answer.