You are not connecting the dots.
"All truth" promised by Jesus,
Consider that Jesus is the Truth.
"The Truth". John 14:6
He is "all the treasures of Wisdom of Knowledge". Colossians 2:3
Now, where is Jesus?
Well, He's seated at the right hand of Father God, and He's IN all the Born again.. ."Christ in You, the Hope of Glory"., and all the born again, are "In Christ", where you find THE Truth, and all the treasures of Wisdom and knowledge.
Also, "thy word is Truth"......and when Jesus was talking to those Jews in your verse, we didnt have the Bible, yet.
So, we have Jesus who is all this wisdom and knowledge, and He is the TRUTH, and its..... ALL IN US.
And we have the Bible, and "thy word is Truth.
That is all the TRUTH we will ever need and more.
What we needed with that was the "chosen" Teacher.
This is Paul.
Paul received from Jesus, not only Church Doctrine, but so much more that we are to learn, from PAUL.
"Pauline Theology" is the Theology for the "time of the Gentiles", and Paul is the "apostle to the gentiles".
Literally, almost every question you have about NT Theology = Doctrine, , is answered by Paul., nearly 100 %, because He wrote it.
Want to know about "gift of the Spirit"... .Paul teaches that.
How to build a church ? Go to Paul's epistles. Find out how.
How to deal with your wife, or husband, sexually? Go to Paul's epistles.
Upset stomach? God to Paul's Epistles.
How to choose a Pastor, Deacon? Read Paul's epistles.
on, and on ,and on, and on............. See PAUL for the answer.
And do this.. Paul said.."be a follower of me, as i follow Christ".