Curious about your reading of the first half of the verse. (Matthew 16:18) See below.
What is the rock that Jesus will build his church on?
The RCC points to Peter, I point to the Holy Spirit (God) that revealed the true identity of Christ to Peter.
“Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood,
but by my Father in heaven." - Matthew 16:17 - NIV (maybe the son of Jonah part has meaning?)
Matthew 16:18 NIV
And I tell you that you are Peter,[
a] and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades[
b] will not overcome it.
I view the word 'Church' as those that are to become Abraham's Seed and enter into the New Jerusalem. It is not about a physical building made with hands, but a new Temple Body...
Ephesians 5:30-32
"For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church."
Notice the word 'Mystery'. The word 'Church' has to do with a 'Great Mystery'. What is the Mystery? It is about 'two becoming one'.
It is about a Mother and Father conceiving children. The Church represents the children, i.e., the Sons of God.
Thus, in order to build a 'Church', that is to say, conceive a child, a 'Rock' is required. What is said Rock?
We find the answer in Isaiah...
Isaiah 51:1
"Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged."
We are 'hewn' from a 'Rock'. We are 'digged' from a 'Pit'. Obviously, these are symbolic of something. I always let the Bible explain what the symbols mean...
Isaiah 51:2
"Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him."
And now we know what a Rock and Pit are symbolic of...
- Rock = Abraham's Seed
- Pit = Sarah's Womb
The Beast will ascend from a 'Pit' one day.
As far as whether Jesus was referring to himself or Peter as being the Rock, it seems to work either way. We know Jesus is the Chief Cornerstone, so that could work, however I favor Peter being the Rock that Jesus is referring to.
To clarify, I do not believe Peter is all by himself as the 'main rock' that the Church is built on. The Church Members are like the individual letters of DNA that form a complete Genome. The Genome creates the Body.
The 'Stone with Seven Eyes' is representative of a Nitrogenous Base, a single letter in the DNA code. The Seed is the Word.
Now, let us add that information to this...
Revelation 21:14
"And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb."
We see that Peter is part of the Twelve Foundational 'Rocks' of New Jerusalem. I personally interpret the Foundation as being symbolic of the 'Clay' that the Tree of Life sprouts and grows from.
I have speculated in the past that the Glorified Body contains twelve Base Pairs instead of four like we have now.