If you are saying the "I" in verses 7-13 is Paul speaking as Israel, when could Israel be considered "alive apart from the Law"? When they were slaves in Egypt?
Yes, Israel was alive without the Law of Moses before it was given because sin was not imputed where there is no law. In other words, we see that sin reigned from Adam to Moses despite the fact that sin is not imputed where there is no Law (i.e. the written law - like the 613 Laws of Moses). Israel was not held to obey all 613 Laws of Moses until Mount Sinai (By the receiving of the 10 commandments tablets and the Torah).
Romans 5:12-14
12 “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:
13 (For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law.
14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.”
The gospel was preached to Abraham and we Christians are under the promise of Abraham (By an initial belief in coming to Jesus Christ that accounts for righteousness - Romans 4), and not the many Laws that came through Moses.
Galatians 3:7-9
7 “Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham.
8 And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham,
saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed.
9 So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.”
Galatians 3:14
”That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.”
The Law of Moses that came 430 years after the Promise made to Abraham (Which is the same promise we are under in that we are justified by faith) cannot nullify the promise made to Abraham.
Galatians 3:17
17 “And this I say,
that the law, which was four hundred and thirty years later, cannot annul the covenant that was confirmed before by God in Christ, that it should make the promise of no effect.
18 For if the inheritance
is of the law,
it is no longer of promise; but God gave
it to Abraham by promise.”
The Law was added because of transgressions.
Galatians 3:19
”What purpose then does the law serve? It was added because of transgressions, till the Seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was appointed through angels by the hand of a mediator.”
As for Paul struggling to keep Torah as a Jew, I have to point out Philippians 3:5-6, where Paul says he was a "Hebrew of Hebrews" and "as to the righteousness that comes from the Law, blameless".
Philippians 3:2-6 says,
2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision.
3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.
4 Though I might also have confidence in the flesh. If any other man thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the flesh, I more:
5 Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel,
of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee;
6 Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
Paul says beware of The concision in verse 2.
The Aramaic in Plain English Bible says, “beware of the circumcisers.”
Why? See: Acts 15:1, Acts 15:5, and Acts 15:24.
In Acts 15, we learn that there was a sect of Jews who sought to get Gentile Christians to be circumcised in order to be saved (Which was false). The Jerusalem council concluded that to be circumcised initially to be saved was wrong. Paul says in Galatians 5:2 that if you seek to be circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing. This is why Paul says beware of the circumcisers (or concision). So Paul was not blameless.
In verse 3, Paul points out how we Christians are the circumcision (i.e. the spiritually circumcised people) and we place no confidence in the flesh like those under the Laws of Moses.
In verse 4, Paul talks about how he trusted the flesh all the more.
Paul says in Romans 8:13, “For if you live according to the flesh you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.” This means when a person seeks to be under the Laws of Moses (Under the New Covenant), they will be a slave to sin. Believers need to obey the doctrine in no longer being a slave to sin but being a slave to righteousness (See: Romans 6:17-18). For we are to consider ourselves dead unto sin (Romans 6:11).
Verse 6, Paul says he persecuted the church. So he cannot be blameless before God by hurting God’s people. So Paul was ONLY blameless in the eyes of the false Pharisee religion that rejected Jesus as their Messiah (at that time).
And Galatians 1:16, where Paul notes that he had advanced in Judaism far beyond most of his contemporaries. No, Paul's struggles only became apparent to him after Jesus asked, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?"
It’s actually Galatians 1:14, my friend.
It says,
”And profited in the Jews' religion above many my equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the traditions of my fathers.” (Galatians 1:14).
It says that Paul advanced in the Jew’s religion, and not in God’s ways.