All we need to do is to show from Scripture that:
1. The Father is God
2. The Son is God
3. The Holy Spirit is God
If that is established from the Bible, then nothing you say about the Trinity will matter. It is not a "formula" but a "Bible fact".
1. The Father is God -- there are dozens of verses which make this crystal clear. One should suffice.
Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God. (John 20:17)
2. The Son is God -- again there are dozens of verses which establish this truth. We will take just two:
But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom. Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God,even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. (Heb 1:8,9)
3. The Holy Spirit is God -- one passage should suffice.
Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away. Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord. (2 Cor 3:16-18)
That they are three distinct persons is seen at the baptism of Christ. The Son is baptized, the Holy Spirit descends in the form of a dove, and the Father speaks from Heaven.
You said:
The Syriac Peshitta is from the 2nd century and contains this verse:
Matthew 28:19 - Go therefore, disciple all nations, and baptize them in the name (of) the Father, and (of) the Son, and (of) the Spirit of Holiness.
Enoch:
The non-primitive Syriac versions of the gospels were being refined from the 1st to the 4th centuries AD.
The actual Syriac Peshitta (simple version) gospels first came out as collection around 400 AD with the Trinity formula embedded although not until that time. Therefore, I disagree with your source. Also, the actual translations are not from primitive Aramaic. They are from the early Greek text!!
Also, the translations of these gospels into this form is not considered a reliable source by most scholars. Check it out. There were many other problems with the text besides what was written as Matt 28:19.
If you are using some text in print form or online for your source and it is called something like Syriac Aramaic Peshitta New Testament Bible, you have a corrupted version anyway.
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Now let’s lay aside for a moment the text in Matt 28:19 and focus on its meaning regarding baptism. I gather you are first and foremost interested in the meaning of scripture and how you were ‘saved’ in this case?
What does it mean to you to be baptized? For me I was saved with baptism into Jesus Christ, into the likeness of his spirit from the death brought about by sin to new life, everlasting life. It makes no sense for me to say or believe I was baptized into God and/or God’s spirit, none! It is Jesus Christ who I was baptized, into his type of spirit. I follow him through faith. God Almighty spirit has planted this Christ-like seed in me.
The apostles and disciples of course performed the act of converting others, with this mindset and spiritual disposition. To allow the Father and his spirit be part of the actual process of baptism would make the entire concept of baptism nonsensical. It would negate or lose the meaning of the work of Christ on the cross. Something to ponder over.
Let me finish by addressing the 3 points of yours.
First, I agree that God Almighty is the Father of Jesus and those he knows as true believers. That part was easy. I hope you also mean that God Almighty our Father is one and only, the ONLY creator of all things.
Second, Jesus cannot be God. I will just use your Hebrews 1: 8(9) for discussion.
In English we make a clear separation and distinction between ‘God’ and ‘god,’ right? Well in the early other language parchments there was no distinction. All symbols or letters were all written in uppercase with no spaces and commas etc. The translators had to be careful when they made their own language cuts. Unfortunately, most if not all translators were Trinitarians and biased as you are in making Jesus, God, for some reason.
There early written manuscripts were called “uncials,” and this style was very popular until the 9th century AD.
Now in the Bible we see that those in the service of God Almighty were called gods, right? Also, those with some type of rule over men. In the NT look at 2 Cor. 4:4; John 10:34 and 35; Acts 12:22 as examples.
Back to the Hebrews 1:8 again:
The word ‘theos’ is used here not to mean it is a reference to the Father. Great men are also called ‘god.’ The
Septuagint has the word ‘
theos’ for God Almighty, and also for men in places like in the OT like Psalm 82 where
men represent God.
Now the trump card is the actual CONTEXT of Hebrews Chapter 1. In Hebrews the context is clear. Throughout the entire context from Hebrews 1:1, Christ is seen to be lesser than God the Father. Therefore, the use of “
theos” here should be translated “god.”
So, in this cherry-picked verse of Hebrews 1:8 you presented me, it is a bust for trinity support, as in other verses you may conjure up.
Now for your final third point. If you really mean that the spirit or his holy spirit is God Almighty then I agree, as in your first point. Now in saying this I hope you don’t mean there is another personality called the Holy spirit. Then I would disagree with you. God is his own holy spirit and there is not another ‘floating’ around.
There is only one God Almighty that possess the only pure and holy spirit and one son of God, Jesus Christ that is never his Father.
Now let me look at the picture of Jesus’ baptism as you presented.
You do know that Jesus’ baptism was NOT the same as our baptism for conversion, it was much more!
First, Jesus never had to be baptized for conversion as you must already know. There was a dual purpose. He did it for our sakes and for his Father’s sake. By Jesus’ act of baptism, Jesus was agreeing to perform his Father’s work to the cross and beyond. That is why his Father was very pleased with his son and gave him his power that would strengthen and support him during his mission. His Father’s ‘full’ spirit was with him throughout, beside angels always administering to him from heaven to earth and back.
Now when you say “That they are three distinct persons is seen at the baptism of Christ. The Son is baptized, the Holy Spirit descends in the form of a dove, and the Father speaks from Heaven,” I hope you cannot see Jesus being his own Father and the spirit of God being another floating spirit separate from his own in this depiction?
Further, there are only two personalities as I’ve described already. Jesus, who is baptized by John and the intercession of his Father with his own spirit upon his son. Why make this scene so awkward? Maybe it is it to place a square peg called ‘trinity’ into a round hole called, the Father and Jesus only.
Bless you,
APAK