First of all, the stars of the Zodiac belt are the stars of the Zodiac belt because they lie close to what we call "the ecliptic." The ecliptic is a mathematical plane which cuts through the sun and the orbit of the planets (roughly). That is the planets orbit the sun, mostly, in the plane of the ecliptic, and I say mostly because some of the planetary orbits are not within the plane, but fall a few degrees out of it and pass through it twice during their orbits. Different cultures in the past in remotely distant parts of the globe have used "zodiacal signs" to determine the seasons, planting and harvest time, animal rutting season, etc., but have used different animals or creatures in their Zodiac. The most easily verifiable is the Chinese Zodiac, which includes a "monkey," a "rat," a "horse," just to name a few, which aren't found in the western Zodiac. Each sign, regardless of what it is called or recognized to represent, is found in the same part of the sky at a particular time of the year which remains the same from year to year, so they have become man's stellar calendar.
Secondly, although the nations have worshiped demons as their gods, most ancient peoples have recognized some hierarchy in their pantheon of gods which is ruled by a "first father and mother" or a more ambiguous "Creator" of all. Some only recognized a "force" or "way" as the prime mover in creation, but some, such as "Aton" the god of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ikhnaton were seen abstractly as the originator of all things and the creator of all life.
Thirdly, during the reign of Solomon, the third king of Israel, the nations of the known world paid tribute to the king of Israel because of His wisdom (attributed to his relationship with his God). Solomon had trade deals with peoples all over the known world and accumulated more wealth than any man alive. This had to be noticed by the surrounding kingdoms (with envy,) but the local kingdoms wouldn't necessarily have thought of Solomon's God being their own, because they believed that the gods have geographical areas for which they take responsibility and rule (these gods are mentioned in scripture as powers, authorities, principalities, etc., and as demons). In other words, they could've believed that the Jews had a powerful god ruling over their land, without believing in the God of all creation, or that they worshiped Him.
I have mentioned how astrologers have used the stars for signs, but I don't know how any one else would, except as omens, which falls into the category of superstition rather than religious practice.