In most all of your latest citations, VCO, what is being referred to is the physical body. Paul is differentiating between the spirit and the body throughout, especially to the Corinthians, a troubled church in many, many ways, and so many of those troubles still exist, this being one of the biggest of them. During this life, the spiritual is present within the physical, and it is either dead (still, as it was from birth, dead in sin) or alive (made alive unto the Lord). When our physical (mortal) bodies die:
1.) for those of us who are born again of the Spirit, who have experienced the first resurrection and are thus spiritually alive in the Lord, we ~ our spirits ~ go to be with Jesus. We are with Jesus in paradise that very day (like the thief crucified on Jesus's right) ~ awaiting His physical return and our reunion with our physical bodies ~ our resurrection unto eternal life.
2.) for those who are still spiritually dead, never having been born again of the Spirit and experienced the first resurrection, they go... somewhere else (just like the thief crucified on Jesus's left). They too are then awaiting His physical return and their reunion with their physical bodies ~ their resurrection to eternal judgment.
This whole thinking of the mortal/physical ever really being separate from the spiritual ~ except for the time between physical death and Jesus's return when all are raised, as Jesus Himself says in John 5:28-29, to either the resurrection to life or the resurrection to judgment ~ is just... well, it's not biblical. As God says in Revelation 21, "I am making all things new" (not "I am making all new things").
Grace and peace to you.
Yes, we will get a new body like Christ's resurrected body. The old body is dead because of sin as Romans 8 says. That same body is not resurrected, it is changed, I think it will though be a flesh and bone type of body, like when Christ showed himself to the disciples after he was resurrected. John says we will have a body like He has, we shall be like Him, yet it will also be a spiritual body.
And we will inherit the earth. God made the earth to be inhabited. Even the new earth has the city of God descending from heaven to be on the new earth. None of the saints are resurrected yet, that is still future, the resurrection is not past. Paul made a point about the false teachers who taught the resurrection was past.
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A Glorious Body
35 But someone will say, “How are the dead raised up? And with what body do they come?” 36 Foolish one, what you sow is not made alive unless it dies. 37 And what you sow, you do not sow that body that shall be, but mere grain—perhaps wheat or some other
grain. 38 But God gives it a body as He pleases, and to each seed its own body.
39 All flesh
is not the same flesh, but
there is one
kind [
f]
of flesh of men, another flesh of animals, another of fish,
and another of birds.
40
There are also [
g]celestial bodies and [
h]terrestrial bodies; but the glory of the celestial
is one, and the
glory of the terrestrial
is another. 41
There is one glory of the sun, another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for
one star differs from
another star in glory.
42 So also
is the resurrection of the dead.
The body is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruption. 43 It is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness, it is raised in power. 44 It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. 45 And so it is written, “The first man Adam became a living being.” The last Adam
became a life-giving spirit.
46 However, the spiritual is not first, but the natural, and afterward the spiritual. 47 The first man
was of the earth,
made[
i] of dust; the second Man
is [
j]the Lord from heaven. 48 As
was the [
k]
man of dust, so also
are those
who are made of dust; and as
is the heavenly
Man, so also
are those
who are heavenly. 49 And as we have borne the image of the
man of dust, we[
l] shall also bear the image of the heavenly
Man.
Our Final Victory
50 Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; nor does corruption inherit incorruption. 51 Behold, I tell you a [
m]mystery: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed— 52 in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. 53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal
must put on immortality. 54 So when this corruptible has put on incorruption, and this mortal has put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written: “Death is swallowed up in victory.”
55 “O[
n] Death, where
is your sting?
O Hades, where
is your victory?”
56 The sting of death
is sin, and the strength of sin
is the law. 57 But thanks
be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
58 Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.