HI,Take your time, thanks!
One problem in discussing God is we do not have the concepts or the language to grasp who or what God is. For example consider Jesus Christ. We believe he has two natures, human and divine, yet he is one person, the second person of the Trinity. But although we can say he has two natures or use a phrase like hypostatic union, can we actually understand what that means? I can see three immediate problems:
- What do we mean by person in a divine context? We can say the Trinity is three persons with one nature but when we use person in this context does it really have the same meaning as when we talk about a human person?
- What do we mean by divine nature? Can we understand or even grasp at God’s nature? God is pure spirit. But what is a pure spirit? God is said (at least by some) to be simple in that he has no parts. But we in the west are trained to analyse and break things down into their constituent parts. Can we really conceive of a being that is almighty, omniscient, omnipresent etc. that has no parts?
- We are only familiar with one person, one nature. Can we actually conceive of what it means to have two natures?
Basically we express our beliefs about God in analogous terms. Thus person is an analogy and suffers from the limitations of analogies. If you try to argue something from the analogy it breaks down. As I understand it there being three persons in the God refers to the inner life of the Godhead which we can only penetrate dimly (1Cor 13:12). But God only has one substance, wills as one and acts as one, though it seems often as if particular acts are ascribed to one of the persons of the Trinity.
As the Catholic Catechism put it:
The whole divine economy is the common work of the three divine persons. For as the Trinity has only one and the same natures so too does it have only one and the same operation: "The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are not three principles of creation but one principle." However, each divine person performs the common work according to his unique personal property.