A full-scale IQ score of around 70 to 75 indicates a significant limitation in intellectual functioning. However, the IQ score must be interpreted in the context of the person's difficulties in general mental abilities.
Moreover, scores on subtests can vary considerably so that the full-scale IQ score may not accurately reflect overall intellectual functioning. Therefore, clinical judgment is needed in interpreting the results of IQ tests.
Three areas of adaptive functioning are considered:3
- Conceptual – language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, memory.
- Social – empathy, social judgment, communication skills, the ability to follow rules and the ability to make and keep friendships.
- Practical – independence in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, managing money, recreation, and organizing school and work tasks.
Adaptive functioning is assessed through standardized measures with the individual and interviews with others, such as family members, teachers and caregivers.
Intellectual disability is identified as mild (most people with intellectual disability are in this category), moderate or severe. The symptoms of intellectual disability begin during childhood. Delays in language or motor skills may be seen by age two. However, mild levels of intellectual disability may not be identified until school age when a child has difficulty with academics.
What is Intellectual Disability?.
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