Does the church replace Israel?
Why not study your Old Testament history and find out what God says about that; there's still a lot of prophecy there not fulfilled yet regarding God's Israel in relation to Christ's Church. I like to attempt summaries, good practice for me, so I'll try, but you still have to go study it. If I refer to a secular source, I'll label it SEC.
1. God appears to Abraham, gives him the Promise by Faith (i.e., The Gospel), with blessings (called the Birthright, i.e., God's Birthright).
2. The Promise and Birthright continues to Abraham's son Isaac, then to Isaac's son Jacob.
3. God tells Jacob his seed will become "a nation", and "a company of nations".
4. The Angel of The Lord wrestles with Jacob, and Jacob prevails. Jacob is given a new name, Israel, which means to prevail with God's help. Israel then represents The Promise by Faith, and God's Birthright, continued through a certain chosen seed among the children of Israel.
5. Jacob has 12 sons that become the 12 tribes of Israel.
6. Joseph, Jacob's favorite son, is kidnapped by his 11 brethren and sold into slavery in Egypt.
7. Joseph represents a chosen in The Promise-Birthright, and is exalted by God.
8. Joseph marries in Egypt and has two sons, Manasseh (elder) and Ephraim.
9. Once Jacob and all his sons are re-united, Joseph brings his two sons to Jacob's bedside to bless them.
10. Jacob (not seeing well) crosses his arms, and places his right-hand on the younger Ephraim's head on the left side of the bed. Joseph tries to correct his father's hands, but Jacob said that he knows Manasseh (the elder son to whom the Birthright should go to) will also be "great", but truly his younger brother Ephraim would become "a multitude of nations". Thus God's Birthright Blessings and Promise originally to Abraham falls upon Joseph's two sons Ephraim and Manasseh.
11. Under the reign of king Solomon of Judah, house of David, he sets Jeroboam of the tribe of Ephraim as head administrator over the northern ten tribes living in the northern parts of the holy land. Ephraim had become the larger of the ten northern tribes of Israel.
12. Because of Solomon allowing his many wives to bring in their false gods and idols into Israel, God rent the kingdom in two. It would be during the days of Solomon's son Rehoboam.
13. God told His prophet to tell Jeroboam that he would have 10 tribes, and God would bless him if he followed Him like His servant David did.
14. The ten tribes in the north go to Rehoboam, king of Judah at Jerusalem, and ask to ease the burden Solomon had put upon them. Rehoboam refused, but said he would make it worse. So the heads of the ten tribes departed, and separated from the tribe of Judah at Jerusalem. Only the tribe of Benjamin joined with Judah at Jerusalem-Judea.
15. The southern "kingdom of Judah" at Jerusalem was the tribes of Judah and Benjamin in the south under Rehoboam king of Judah (house of David).
16. The northern "kingdom of Israel" at Samaria was made up of the ten tribes, with Jeroboam of the tribe of Ephraim, as king of Israel.
17. Rehoboam, king of Judah over the "kingdom of Judah" tries to bring the kingdom back together, and gets run off by the ten northern tribes back to Jerusalem.
18. Jeroboam, king of Israel at Samaria in the north, tries to keep all the ten tribes from going south to Jerusalem to worship. He sets up two gold calf idols, and tells the ten tribes to worship them. He also makes common priests of the people.
19. The Levite priests in the north leave the northern tribes, having been cut off by Jeroboam from doing their duties. The Levites join with the tribes of Judah and Benjamin in the southern kingdom of Judah under Rehoboam.
20. A small remnant of the ten northern tribes refuse Jeroboam's calf idol worship, and leave to go south to join with Judah.
21. The two kingdoms war against each other.
22. God sends the kings of Assyria (in stages) upon the northern ten tribe "kingdom of Israel", and eventually taked all the ten northern tribes captive to Assyria, and to the land of the Medes. These become scattered north of Babylon and into the West, never to return to the holy land, even to this day. These eventually become lost to the house of Judah (Jews) and to the world (SEC-Jewish historian Josephus said they were still scattered beyond Euphrates in his day of 100 A.D.), they lose their heritage as Israelites (Book of Hosea). They become as Gentiles living among Gentiles per God's warnings of Deuteronomy 4.
23. About 100 years later, the "kingdom of Judah" falls away against God. God then brings the Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, upon them, destroys Solomon's temple and Jerusalem, and takes them captive to Babylon for 70 years.
24. After 70 years, a small remnant of the "house of Judah" (Judah, Benjamin, Levi, strangers, small remnant of ten tribes), a small group of these return to Jerusalem to rebuild the city and the wall, and temple. (SEC--these become known as Jews, the title derived from the tribe of Judah, this per the Jewish historian Josephus).
25. Majority of the "house of Judah" (Jews) choose to stay in Babylon after the 70 years, and then becomes scattered through the countries like the ten tribes were.
26. God's prophet Hosea foretells of God causing the ten tribes to be scattered under their false Baal worship; then after a time God said He would allure her into the wilderness, and speak comfortably to her, and bless her, and make a covenant with her, and betroth her to Him forever, and they shall know The LORD, and He will say to them that were not My people, "Thou art My people", and they will say, "Thou art my GOD." (Book of Hosea).
27. (SEC and Bible) - The ten tribes along with some of scattered Judah to the West on national scales accept The Gospel of Jesus Christ, and become the "multitude of nations" promise to Ephraim, and his brother Manasseh also becomes "great".
28. From the western Christian nations, Great Britain being the first nation on a national scale to accept The Gospel, they send ambassadors to the other nations to preach The Gospel of Jesus Christ. Thus both scattered Israelites and Gentiles that believe become Christ's Church.
29. (SEC and Bible) -- House of Judah with many unbelieving Jews return to holy land and are allowed to create the nation state of Israel again. This is only a similarity to the old "kingdom of Judah" at Jerusalem, yet without a king. These are made up of remnants of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, Levi, and some of the ten tribes, and the rest are converts to Judaism. The majority of these still do not accept Jesus Christ.