So, for the Israelites population to expand that quickly, they would need to grow about 85x as fast as the average population for their era, faster than the highest growth rate in recorded history, and they would need infant mortality rates better than the ones we have today... but in the Bronze Age.
Google and statistics hardly determines Bible truth…
God promised Abraham that his descendants would be as ‘numerous as the stars of heaven’. (Gen 15:5-6)
At Gen 17:5 God said to Abraham….
”No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham; for I have made you a father of many nations. I will make you exceedingly fruitful; and I will make nations of you, and kings shall come from you.“ (NKJV)
God said “many nations”, not just one nation would come from Abraham. Specifically just one tribe of one nation was to produce the Messiah.
You forget that Ishmael was also a son of Abraham, and it was God’s promise that he too would be the father of “a great nation”.
“Yet I will also make a nation of the son of the bondwoman, because he is your seed.”. . . . .And God heard the voice of the lad. Then the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said to her, “What ails you, Hagar? Fear not, for God has heard the voice of the lad where he is. Arise, lift up the lad and hold him with your hand, for I will make him a great nation.” (Gen 21:13, 17-18 NKJV)
So it appears as if you leave Jehovah out of your statistics….the Bible has the answers if you know what it says….
Moses adopted more people into Israel than there were natural sons. I'm going with this option, since the Bible pretty much tells us it happened.
Yes, as was mentioned, a “vast mixed company” came out of Egypt with the Israelites and these became part of God’s nation, by choice….like Ruth the Moabite woman who chose to stay with her mother in law Naomi to serve her God, and because of her choice, she became an ancestress of Jesus. Direct lineage to Abraham was what the unfaithful Jews counted on…..mistakenly. (Matt 3:9)
If you say so…..but a bit useless in this case.
That's true, but in this case I don't think it applies. When you dig up a bunch of idols and inscriptions of various gods in their homes, cities and burial sites... well, what other assumption would you make? Did someone break into their cities and leave a bunch of idols behind?
Reading through Israel’s history, (if you have) it’s a wonder that God didn’t exterminate them as he wanted to many times, for this very reason.
Straight after their miraculous deliverance from Egypt the Israelites fell to idolatry….
”And the Lord said to Moses, “Go, get down! For your people whom you brought out of the land of Egypt have corrupted themselves. They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a molded calf, and worshiped it and sacrificed to it, and said, ‘This is your god, O Israel, that brought you out of the land of Egypt!’ ” And the Lord said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and indeed it is a stiff-necked people! Now therefore, let Me alone, that My wrath may burn hot against them and I may consume them. And I will make of you a great nation.” (Exodus 32:7-10 NKJV)
Idolatry was never far away, depending upon the king that was ruling over them….when a wicked king ruled he took the whole nation down with him….good kings restored pure worship, but never for long…which is why Isaiah prophesied….as Paul quoted him…
Rom 9:27….
”Moreover, Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Although the number of the sons of Israel may be as the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved.”
God kept this “stiff necked people” in existence until his purpose to produce the Messiah was fulfilled. He even gave them first opportunity to become Christ’s disciples, but when it was clear that this nation would produce only a “remnant“ of faithful ones, God turned to the nations to take out of them
“a people for his name”. (Acts 15:14)
God’s name was always associated with his “people”.