From Calvinism/ Arminianism...by WR.Downing
426 Believers are addressed as the elect of God—those eternally beloved by God and so in his thought and purpose—to encourage them to persevere in prayer.
427 Divine foreordination precedes faith, not the reverse.
428 This is a very general survey of the eternal covenant of redemption and grace. The term “foreknew” refers to persons, not things or incidents, and necessarily implies a personal, intimate relationship. (For a full discussion of foreknowledge, see Appendix 1 on Predestination).
The terms “predestinate,” “called,” “justified” and “glorified” are all aor. (o[ti ou]j proe,gnw( kai. prow,risen summo,rfouj th/j eivko,noj tou/ ui`ou/ auvtou/( eivj to. ei=nai auvto.n prwto,tokon evn polloi/j avdelfoi/j\ ou]j de. prow,risen( tou,touj kai. evka,lesen\ kai. ou]j evka,lesen( tou,touj kai. evdikai,wsen\ ou]j de. evdikai,wsen( tou,touj kai. evdo,xasen), implying that all are already settled or infallible in the purpose of God. Note that the same group is referred to throughout—the covenant people of God (Jn. 17:1–2; Eph. 1:3–7). 429 Here election is pointedly apart from works, human ability or foreseen faith. The issue cannot be side–stepped by stating that this refers to the nations of Israel and Edom by referring to Mal. 1:3, for Paul under inspiration uses that reference to enforce the reality that the Divine prerogative in election was true not only to the nations, but to the individuals—and even before they were born or had done any good or evil, i.e., apart from any and all human character or action. 430 This is a clear and concise statement concerning the Divine prerogative in both judgment and mercy. Man’s “free will” may take him to hell, but it will never take him to heaven. Salvation is a matter of Divine grace. 155
grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work. What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded. (Rom. 11:4–7)431
As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes. (Rom. 11:28)
But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty; and base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: that no flesh should glory in his presence. (1 Cor. 1:27–29)432
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ: according as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love: having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will. (Eph. 1:3–5)433
In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will. (Eph. 1:11)434
Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering. (Col. 3:12)435
Knowing, brethren beloved, your election of God. For our gospel came not unto you in word only, but also in power, and in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance; as ye know what manner of men we were among you for your sake. (1 Thess. 1:4–5)
For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ. (1 Thess. 5:9)436
But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. (2 Thess. 2:13)
431 Works and grace are absolutely separate and distinct. Should there be anything at all in any person to cause God to look favorably upon him or her, then salvation would be by works, human ability, or human effort—and the principle of grace would be destroyed. 432 If salvation were by foreseen faith, then it would be by human merit and believers would have legitimate reason for glorying or boasting. 433 Election and predestination are considered as great blessings that derive from the sovereign choice and predestinating grace of God. Cf. v. 4: evxele,xato, aor. mid. for emphasis. Either he himself and no other chose us, or he chose us out for himself.
Divine election was not based on foreseen faith, but in order that we might be holy and without blame before him. 434 The term “obtained” (evklhrw,qhmen) means to obtain by lot, and approaches the idea of Divine election. Note the same term in Acts 17:4 (proseklhrw,qhsan, the pass. denotes that these were allotted to Paul and Silas by God) and 1 Thess. 5:9. Eph. 1:11 clearly teaches the foreordination of all things by God in the context of his eternal, infallible purpose. 435 This statement, as many others, in which believers are addressed as the elect of God, demonstrates clearly that the Doctrines of Grace do not lead to licentiousness or indolence. 436 This statement implies both election and reprobation. The latter is not arbitrary, but just, i.e., sinners are not condemned by an arbitrary decree, but by their own sin. 156
Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began. (2 Tim. 1:9)
Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. (2 Tim. 2:10)437
Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness. (Titus 1:1)
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied. (1 Pet. 1:1–2)438
And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed. But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light. (1 Pet. 2:8–9)