In the Gospel of John, the writer who spent his life with the apostles and the Lord Jesus Christ for three years, and continued to have faith after his resurrection wrote, in John 1 saying.
THEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 1 John 1:1
A. This passage is verbally related to the Prologue of John's Gospel (John 1:1-18, before physical creation), which is related to Gen. 1:1 (physical creation). However, here it refers to the beginning of Jesus' public ministry.
B. The emphasis is on
1. The full humanity of Jesus Christ
a. Participles related to the human senses: sight, sound, touch (cf. 1 John 1:1,3). Jesus was truly human and physical
b. full titles of Jesus
(1) the Word of Life (cf. 1 John 1:1)
(2) His Son Jesus Christ (cf. 1 John 1:3)
2. Deity of Jesus of Nazareth
a. pre-existence (1 John 1:1,2)
b. incarnation (1 John 1:2)
These truths are directed against the Gnostic false teachers' worldview.
A. 1 John 1:1-4
1. 1 John 1:1-3a form one sentence in Greek.
2. The main verb "proclaim" is in 1 John 1:3. The emphasis is on the content of Apostolic preaching.
3. There are four relative clauses in 1 John 1:1 which are placed forward in their clauses for emphasis.
a. "what was from the beginning"
b. "what we have heard"
c. "what we have seen with our eyes"
d. "what we have looked at and touched with our hands"
4. 1 John 1:2 seems to be a parenthesis concerning the incarnation of Christ. The fact that it is so awkward grammatically draws attention to it!
5. 1 John 1:3 and 4 define the purposes of John's Apostolic proclamation: fellowship and joy. Apostolic eyewitness accounts were one of the early church's criteria for canonization
6. Notice the flow of verb tenses in 1 John 1:1
a. Imperfect (pre-existed)
b. Perfect, perfect (abiding truth)
c. Aorist, aorist (specific examples)
B. 1 John 1:5-2:2
1. The pronouns in 1 John 1:5-2:2 are very ambiguous, but I think almost all of them except 1 John 1:5, refer to the Father (similar to Eph. 1:3-14)
2. All the "if's" are third class conditional sentences which speak of potential action.
3. There is a significant theological variation between
a. the verb tenses, present versus aorist in reference to "sin"
b. the singular and plural, "sin" versus "sins"
c. however, the exact theological meaning is not specified (see "The Heretics," D. below)
"from the beginning" This is an obvious allusion to Genesis 1 and John 1, but here it refers to the beginning of Jesus' public ministry. The incarnation of Jesus was not "Plan B." The gospel was always God's plan of redemption (cf. Gen. 3:15; Acts 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; 13:29; see Special Topic: YHWH's Eternal Redemptive Plan). This phrase in this context refers to the beginning of the twelve Apostles' personal encounter with Jesus.
John uses the concept of "beginning" often. Most of the occurrences divide into basically two categories.
from creation
John 1:1,2 (Jesus in the beginning)
John 8:44; 1 Kgs. 3:8 (Satan murderer and liar from the beginning)
Rev. 3:14; 21:6,12 (Jesus the beginning and the end)
from the time of Jesus' incarnation and ministry
John 8:25; 1 John 2:7 [twice]; 3:11; 2 John 5,6 (Jesus' teachings)
John 15:27; 16:4 (with Jesus)
1 John 1:1 (from the beginning of Jesus' public ministry)
1 John 2:13,24 [twice] (from their trust in Jesus)
John 6:64 (from their rejection of Jesus)
context favors #2
Special Topic: John 1 Compared to 1 John 1
"we"
This implies the collective yet personal witness of the Apostles (i.e., NT writers). This collective testimony is a characteristic of 1 John. It is used over 50 times.
Some scholars see this collective PRONOUN as referring to those of "John's tradition." This would imply guardians or teachers of John's unique theological perspective.
"have heard. . .have seen"
These are both PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVES which emphasize abiding results. John was asserting Jesus' humanity by his recurrent use of PARTICIPLES related to the five senses in 1 John 1:1,3. He thereby claims to be an eyewitness to the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth.
"have looked . . . and touched"
These are both AORIST INDICATIVES which emphasize specific events. "Looked" means "closely observed" (cf. John 1:14), "touched" means "closely examined by feel" (cf. John 20:20,27; Luke 24:39).
The Greek term for "touched" or "handled" (psēlaphaō) is found in only two verses in the NT: here and Luke 24:39. In Luke it is used of a post-resurrection encounter with Jesus. 1 John uses it in the same sense.
"Word of Life"
The use of the term logos served to catch the attention of the Greek false teachers, as in the Prologue to John's Gospel (cf. John 1:1). This word was widely used in Greek philosophy. It also had a specific background in Hebrew life. This phrase here refers to both the content of the gospel and the person of the gospel.
J.