In order to grasp who Babylon the Great is in the book of Revelation, it is necessary to examine the empire of ancient Babylon. At Jeremiah 50, it calls ancient Babylon "a land of graven images".(Jer 50:38) Isaiah 46:1 names two of its gods - Bel and Nebo. At Daniel 5:4, it says concerning Belshazzar and his "grandees", that "they drank wine, and they praised the gods of gold and of silver, copper, iron, wood and stone."
Furthermore, some 70 years earlier, Belshazzar's grandfather, Nebuchadnezzar used divination concerning Jerusalem, for Ezekiel 21:21 says that "the king of Babylon stood still at the crossways, at the head of the two ways, in order to resort to divination. He has shaken the arrows. He has asked by means of the teraphim; he has looked into the liver."
In addition, archaeologists has unearthed the ruins of ancient Babylon, finding out that the fertility goddess Ishtar had at least 180 altars devoted to her alone, notwithstanding all the other gods. An ancient cunieform inscription was unearthed that revealed that there were in Babylon 53 temples of the chief gods, 55 chapels of Marduk, 300 chapels for the earthly deities, 600 for the heavenly deities, 180 altars for the goddess Ishtar, 180 for the gods Nergal and Adad and 12 other altars for different gods.(The Bible as History, W Keller, 1964, pg 301) Thus, ancient Babylon was extremely religious, and in which no decisions were made without looking to one of their gods.
Babylon the Great commits "fornication" with the "kings of the earth" (Rev 17:1, 2) and is portrayed her as a drunken prostitute that is "drunk with the blood of the holy ones and with the blood of the witnesses of Jesus".(Rev 17:5, 6) She is drunk with the blood of God's true worshipers. Resembling a woman not faithful to her marriage vows, she has prostituted herself by forming alliances with one political power after another (as for example Cardinal Pacelli did with Hitler on July 20, 1933 that catapulted Hitler to start WWII). So she could not be a political empire, as some claim as America or Rome.
Further, Babylon the Great is wept and mourned over by the "traveling merchants" or greedy commercialism when she is annihilated, "because there no one to buy their full stock anymore."(Rev 18:11) Hence, she could not be a commercial empire or "big business".
Of the mystic Babylon the Great, Revelation 18:23 says that "by your (Babylon the Great) spiritistic practice all the nations were misled." This points to her scope being a global religious empire, for she has infected "all the nations" of the earth by her "spiritistic practice".
Moreover, Revelation 18:24 says that "in her was found the blood of prophets and of holy ones and of all those who have been slaughtered on the earth.” Thence, this global (false) religious empire long predates any political government that has existed, going all the way back to Abel. Our Creator, Jehovah God, holds her responsible for the all those who have been slaughtered, showing her as massively blood guilty. One newspaper stated: “The bloodiest and most dangerous disputes today . . . are wrapped in religion.” The lives of millions have been snuffed out in religiously supported conflicts.
Thus, the clues provide evidence that Babylon the Great is a world wide false religious empire that "has made all the nations drink of the anger of her fornication".(Rev 14:8) Her influence has impacted every continent, nation and island of the sea. Her false religious teachings and doctrines has made the masses "drunk" throughout the earth. These are under her influence, accepting false religious beliefs with many believing these are based on the Bible, such as the immortality of the soul, hellfire, Trinity, to name a few.
Many are unaware that they are part of a global false religious empire that has been judged as worthy of destruction in the near future by God.(Rev 17:16, 17; 18:8) Hence, he gives this warning: "Get out of her, my people, if you do not want to share with her in her sins, and if you do not want to receive part of her plagues. For her sins have massed together clear up to heaven, and God has called her acts of injustice to mind."(Rev 18:4, 5)